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It is evaluating a text by analyzing the DOCS elements, design, organization, content , style, values

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It is evaluating a text by analyzing the DOCS elements, design, organization, content , style, values. It must be 7-8 paragraphs , introduction, 5 paragraphs for the 5 aspects, and conclusion. You will write about one feature with one example for each aspect, only style, it needs to write about 2 features. Below is the DOCS elements and I typed the lecture that explain those aspects, please take a look for them now while you are waiting for the text.

characteristics of the way a piece of writing is designed the way that it is organize. The content, the information that is included inside of it, the style the language, the way that language is being used in this document, as well as values that the reader and the writer both share. design is usually the easiest thing for for people to identify. Because it's relating to know the characteristics, the way the text is laid out on the page how it physically looks when you're reading something. And so, there are some examples of physical characteristics here, such as use of headings or highlighting particular phrases by using bold or underline or a calyx and actually, we can see that here, this is an example of using a bold and underline to highlight. A word and so when you're reading something you might notice that that's being used oftentimes in textbooks, for example, they'll highlight vocabulary word that's really important for the chapter that you're reading so. let's Just to give you some examples for how highlighting might look. Other techniques that might be being used for design are the use of images or charts or graphs or visual aids to help you know better illustrate what's going on in the text or to make it more interesting to look at. So those usually stand out very easily other things you might notice are the spacing of the text, the way the lines are space single space double space 1.5 space. So, depending on the genre there's certain spacing that is often use that is required to be used in that in that situation. Other things you might notice or the use of color maybe the author is using color text for some things a variety of colors maybe they're just using colors for the headings. Maybe there's colors in the pictures so i'm the use of colors can or in the background, so use of colors can really help things you know stand out and you know, make it more a little more interesting read. Give me a second all right um so again, usually very, very easy for you to identify when the. Other things that an author might do is use different size font so some things are larger than other things, and again usually that's to help something stand out or or you know for some other reason. Also, maybe different types of thoughts so again to make things look a little bit different to help things stand out, and then another example, what else of design element to it might be the use of bullet points like we see here, and this is often done to list information to make the items in the list easier to read so some genres will use the sometimes will not and, Again they're pretty easy to identify when they're being used. So these are just some examples of the features of designers other things that an author might be doing other techniques, you might be using when they're creating a genre, this is just to give you some ideas here and some things to look for things to think about things to notice when you're reading a text okay alright any questions about design when we want organization. 2 organization, and this is all about how the writer chooses to organize the information in the text, what order is this being presented, why is it being presented in this order so when somebody writes something. They generally use more than one method of organization, there can be like many each section in the piece of writing my youth a particular organization and then, overall, the text might use another organization so.alot of the time when you are looking at a text I I generally encourage my students to want to focus on a particular area of the text because there's just so many different types of organizational features that could be used there and it can be a little bit overwhelming if you try to focus on the organization of the whole thing so. : But you can do that again it's going to depend on what the genre is and how long it is and how much information is presented. It may be easier to actually talk about the overall organization if it's a shorter tags and then, if it's a longer text it's a lot easier usually to focus on, you know, a certain part. either way you can do as a whole or a particular section, you can talk about the organization so i've listed some techniques down here some common structures that are you so problem solution, for example, or the author presents what the problem is and then identify how to know how to solve that problem. General talk to particular where you talk more generally in general terms about something, then you narrow it down and start to focus in other things are like narrative where it's kind of like you're telling a story about this, it can be in the first person again almost like you're reading a story about someone or something maybe there's use of compare contrast where you're looking at one thing, and you know contrasting with something else cause and effect it, this is what happens, and this is the effect after that. These are just some example there's there are a lot of different you know organizational structures that an author can choose from, and it will really depend on the genre that the author has selected as well as a topic that the author selected and what structures, they may use. However, some genres have very specific organizational structures that mean to us, and actually see that a lot more, when we talk about things like the resume and cover letter we have usually very specific structures that you're supposed to follow. But then there's other genres that don't have such strict requirements for that okay so. With organization again you're thinking about you know how what order is this information presented and why might the author be presenting it in this order what's the purpose of doing this, how is this going to help the audience understand what they're what they're writing about and get them to do whatever it is that the author wants them to do okay any questions about organization. Some of these kind of overlap sometimes like description and explanation can be a bit of the same thing okay and simplification and classification may also be the same, depending on how the author is doing it. Content the kinds of information, the author has decided to include in the text, and how it relates to the overall topic of the text. What the purpose of the text is and who the audiences and so a meal The topic is what the what the teach about the purpose is why the author decided to write this 3 piece of writing what's the goal of writing this and then the audience who the author of course wrote it for,so, there are some things to think about to help you identify content. thinking about what the appropriate topics and relevant details are, the author includes. Think about why what were the kinds of things, the authors talking about, and how it relates to the overall topic, how is this developing the authors overall topic, what kind of informational kind of details of the author, providing that helps give the reader a good understanding of this topic. you want to be able to identify specific topics or specific details that the authors is no using in their text and think about know why this is appropriate or relevant based on the purpose and audience, so how does this help connect to what the purpose of the text is and who's reading this text so that they're all connected to each other. Other things that you can think about are the, what are the assumptions behind the author statements, so this is, this is a belief that the author has about something. And it's very important that it's about something related to their topic. It should not be about who the audiences that's actually the target audience and it's not related to the assumptions the assumptions are some kind of belief that the author has that affects. The information that they're presenting and the way that they're presenting the information. And it actually can be very hard for people to identify because they're not it's not stated directly in the text, the author doesn't say I am assuming this have to read between the lines you have to figure out what kind of beliefs, the author has based on the information that they're presenting and the way that they're presenting it. So what you don't want to do when you're if you're if you're writing about assumptions. What you don't want to do is to talk about the audience and what the audience thinks or who the audience is because that's not what the assumption is, who the target audiences and that's who the author is actually writing to Okay, so this is about the author's own beliefs or own personal beliefs. does the author use disciplinary knowledge, does the author have a background in some particular field. And they're demonstrating that, in this piece of in this piece of writing, and if they are what is that field that they have knowledge of what kind of what kind of knowledge, do they have. for disciplinary knowledge and again this is generally gained through study or work in a particular field, and you may know, information about the author, maybe they have a PhD in biology room my PhD medical doctor or maybe they are a professor at a university that teachers educational classes and the writing know a guide for how to teach people so that would be an example of Disciplinary knowledge, where they have a background where they they learned a lot through both study and or work to gain their knowledge and to demonstrate it to the audience. if you do think disciplinary knowledge, you want to be able to identify you know what this knowledge is about what is the discipline what fields are they knowledgeable and what knowledge do they have. That they are showing to the audience um something that. Students often confused with this is insider knowledge which is different from disciplinary knowledge. So insider knowledge, there might be places in the text where you see insider knowledge, and this is knowledge that is generally shared by a relatively small number of people often, because it's like secret and in an example of this would be people who work at a particular company will have, especially the entire up people will have much deeper knowledge aboutthe products that company produces in the products that they're currently developing in 4 someone outside of that company. So that's an example of insider knowledge shared by a few people and maybe related to the discipline in some way but it's usually because of kind of secretive information that they're trying to keep from others because they don't want people to take it Okay, but not, not all the time, there may be some situations where it's insider knowledge, just because people are you know, working in a particular situation and they're more familiar with an issue that's coming up and are seeing things firsthand. That may not necessarily be related to the discipline so. It there is sometimes a little bit of overlap between insider knowledge and disciplinary knowledge, but the key for insider knowledge is that very few people have this information, whereas the disciplinary knowledge people in that discipline have that information, like a cross is a large much larger number of people. Okay, so you want to look for any places where you see disciplinary knowledge, we want to be able to identify what that is and then any places where you may see insider knowledge and identify what that knowledge is about and then another thing to think about for content are who are the participants meaning, who is quoted, who is paraphrase he was referencing who cited in this particular piece of writing. Do you hear did you hear from other points of views, or is it just the author's own perspectives about something. this is a controversial issue, do you hear from both sides, or you want to hearing from one side. So that that's what we mean by participants that, like the voices that you're hearing the perspectives that you're learning about. If it's just one perspective and there's not really other participants in the author, but you may notice that there are multiple perspectives if you're etc quotes from people a pair of phrases from people. references to other pieces of writing again general information about controversial issues and looking at both sides of that of that to me a controversial issue. , so those are those are all things to think about when you're trying to identify content. the key for content and present time students confusing organization content is that the kinds of information that the author is presenting. organization is how that information is organized hey what what order is equated, why is this one first and this one comes second one of that so try to try to remember that one you are identifying content, the types of information, whereas organization is again the order of that. style, this has to do with the language, the author uses in the writing, and of course we're going to be reading things in English, so I don't mean that they're using English. that's not that what I mean by language actually mean about the characteristics of the language itself. 5 You know, things that stand out that you don't normally see in other you know other writings that are English. That may be just that may be specific to this genre that are more likely to occur when you're reading writings of this type of genre. Okay, and so some things to think about when you are trying to identify features of style. Is there anything that stands out about the vocabulary so maybe the author is using certain kinds of words that you know you don't normally see in other situations, maybe they sound a certain way, maybe you know there's connotation, they have certain connotations or an underlying meanings. That that really stands out to you, maybe you noticed that a lot of the word language is very informal sounding very, very complex or maybe it's very, very simple and to the point that it sounds much simpler than normal the normal speech so. are things to think about so it could be that nothing really stands out to you, in which case that's not something that you would really want to mention if you're doing a docs analysis you'd want to focus on again something that actually stands out to you. : Another thing to think about our specific grammar or features, so what kind of grammar features are being used that are not often used in other situations. , for example, the use of passive voice and we use passive voice occasionally when we're speaking when we're writing, but in some genres you actually end up using a lot more than you normally wouldn't that's one of the characteristics. maybe you'll notice that there's a lot of models and then again we use mobile to lot English it's just that we use them in very, very limited situations, and it could be that when you're reading, you know this this. , and you only find two models in it, for example, that probably means not that important to the genre OK so again it. Just it needs to be used a lot or in a way that you don't normally see. : Another thing for an example of what to look for be like relative clauses well it's the clauses are often used to actually provide more information about about a noun or a noun phrase. You know, in the sentence, like, I have a dog that is black the relative clauses that it's black it's providing more information about that dog I could just have a sentence, I have a dog. it's not very interesting Oh, and I use a relative closet allows me to add extra information in there, so we use these again, you know. In speech in writing, but maybe you notice that is being used quite a lot in that particular genre a lot more than you think would normally be done. So these are these are just some examples of grammar features, I mean i'd be here all day if I listed all the potential grammar features, you know that could be used. a text, and these are just to give you some ideas, so please don't limit only looking for these things. : i'm kind of notice, you know, on your own if you notice that there is a particular verb tense, that is being used that you don't normally see being used, maybe you notice that there's a lot of. 6 Use of adverbs or something like that, so it really is going to depend on the genre and the things that stick out to you okay. right next thing to think about our is there anything that stands out about the verbs that the author has selected to use this is kind of related to the vocabulary and so for verbs know usually we use. there's the thing I don't know the particularly special about the verbs that we use in regular you know speaking spoken speech. But in some situations we may want to use stronger verbs are verbs that have more a certain kind of feel to them. And you might notice that when you're reading a text that there are certain verbs that feel you know that when you're reading it, you feel a certain way when you're reading them. So this, this is something to look for Is there something about the verbs that stands out like what stands out about them if you feel like they say no, if you build like they don't really stand out and that's probably not something that you want to talk about. Other things is there anything you notice about the sentence structure that stands out to you so again all writing is going to use sentences that's that's what writing is sentences, you know writing words and. : Sentences using all these things together, so you can't just tell me that oh it use this sentence structure, because I know it uses sentence structure that's a fundamental part of writing. So what I want you to think about is there anything you know special about these sentences. : Maybe the author is using an extreme number of simple sentences or maybe they're using a lot of complex sentences or a lot of sentences with transition words in them, or something like that so. Again, it has to be something that really stands out to you that is happening multiple places in the text that you think you know caught it affects the way that the reader is reading this text. Another thing to think about is the use of jargon, and this is connected to vocabulary. jargon is language that is used in as part of a particular discipline. And so, for example, if you are taking a biology class you're going to be using vocabulary words that you know you're not you're not going to end up using in this class probably so, for example, if. it's been a long time since it took biology, but like words like mitochondria and nucleus, and things like that are not going to come up in this class, you know, probably very often. they're not going to come up in casual conversation with your friends unless you're talking about your your biology test so. Those are examples of jargon so they're they're vocabulary words that are used in particularly descriptive particular disciplinary situations. 7 And they are generally understood by people in those in that discipline and they may not be understood by people outside of that discipline and might be confusing for people to read them. So if you're you're reading a text and you're noticing a lot of words that you that you don't understand because it's no because it's jargon, because it's used for that discipline. That tells you a little bit about who the audience is and who, the author is as well and it tells you that the author, the audience probably have a background and. Especially if there is no explanation for what those words mean. Sometimes we'll see jargon being used, but the author will actually provide a definition, because they know that the audience is not familiar with that word or as familiar with the word As the author is so those can actually be a big. hint to who the target audiences so it's helpful if you can identify garden that sometimes will be reading things and there isn't any jargon. So don't feel like you have to buy jargon it's just something to to look for that can be one of the easiest things for students to spot when we're when we're looking for features of style. and the last thing on this on this bullet point list and again this is just a brief overview there's a lot of other things that you could potentially identify for style. But these are some of the more I guess common things and to look for on the last thing on this list is looking for figurative language. And this is language that has like a like a poetic feel to it, this is a stylistic choice at the author is making to kind of make the writing a little less boring. So metaphor and simile are examples of figurative language, let me pull up in my example sheet metaphor and simile make sure you guys can get. here is my here's my this first sentence my love is like fire, this is an example of a simile it's a simile because it uses this word light here after the beaver and so that shows a comparison between two things very clearly. With metaphor you actually have the same sentence, but you guys brought the like it's much more of a direct comparison and it's much more of a poet poetic feel and it flows, a little bit differently. So that's an example of a metaphor it's the same thing as a simile except there's no life. So again, this is has like a poetic feel it's supposed to compare two things that have similar characteristics, but that are you know very, very different. And the author is doing this to kind of again give it a more of an emotional feel make it a little bit more interesting to read a little bit of a poetic flair to it. So you might not actually see these in the genres that you're reading these don't occur in you know things like resumes and cover letters usually. So, but you won't you may encounter them in other situations and other genres and the author generally does this just to make it a little bit easier for the reader to understand. Something to illustrate you know how something is as well to make the writing a little bit more interesting. 8 Okay, so you don't again campus have you have you seeing a figurative use of figurative language and a piece of writing is much smaller than you know, seeing like target or something like that. : But just know that it is there. But that they can be hard to spot but don't try to find it like you don't have to find the use of figurative language and a piece of writing. really identifying them so. If you're a little bit confused by that that's Okay, I would just pick you know something else to focus on because again it's it's probably nothing important to that piece of writing. right, values. this is what I care about. So this involves you having to do a very close reading and understand you know reading between the lines and kind of again. to figure out what the author cares about and what the reader also cares about so the values are things that are important to both the reader and the writer things that they care about greatly, and so. This needs to be specific to the piece of writing, and this is what makes it so hard to identify, there is a great variety of values out there and it really depends on what the genre is and what the topic is as well as to the audit authors who the audiences what value my team so there's a lot of variables. That will affect what the value is . All I can, all I can suggest as you're thinking about as you're reading this what what does this information tell you about what the author cares about and what the reader might also care about as a result. when identifying values what kinds of life experiences relating to the topic have both the reader of the writer has so. For example, if you're reading a text about children and caring for children and what are the values, one life experience that the reader and the writer probably have had will having children and caring for children and thinking that children are important, so value might be something like you know the the value of caring for children and he making sure that the children are health. again it's going to greatly depending on the topic and the genre what the value might be. some other things do the reader in the writer come from the same cultural background what values are associated with this cultural background and oftentimes this will be related to religion or some other societal issues. So thinking about you know what kinds of issues related to culture, are you seeing in this in this piece of writing and then, what does that tell you about what the reader and writer care about. And then other things, to think about it, relating to disciplinary backgrounds do both the reader and the writer come from the discipline, the same disciplinary background. And then, if they do what kinds of things are important to people from the disciplinary background. What kind of things do they care about that are evident in this in this topic, and then the genre. in order to successfully analyze values it's really important to have a good understanding about who the author is. Who the audience is and then you know what the topic is as long how all of these things are connected to each other and what they show about you know what's important to the reader and the writer, so that is values and again very tricky for a lot of people. ??9?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ????????.?? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????.?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? .????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? .??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ? calyx???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????.?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ? ????? ???? ?????? ? ?????? 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Okay????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????.?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? .???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ????????.?? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??11?? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????.?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? .???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ? ften????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? .???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ecause?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ? ????? ?? ?? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ? you??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????.?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????????.?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ? very?????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? 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??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????.?? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ? ???????? ????????? ? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????.?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???????????.?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????.?? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????????.?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????.?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????.?? ??12?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? 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??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????.?? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????.?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????.?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? .????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? .????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??????.?? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????.?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????.?? ??14?? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????.?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????.?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????.?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????.?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????.?? ????? ? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????.?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????.?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???????.?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????.?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????????.?? ?????? ??? ??? ????.?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????????.?? ?????? ???????.?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? .??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ? ????????.?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? .?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?.?? ??? ?? ?????? ? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? .???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? .???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? .???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????????.?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? .???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? .??? ?????? ????? ? ????????? ?? ????? ? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ? ?????????? ????????? ??????.?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????.?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ? ????? ?? ??? ?????? .??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? .??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????.?? ??15?? ??? Some elements to look for when using DOCS model Design: Features related to the way the text is laid out on the page. These are physical characteristics of the writing’s format, such as: ? Headings ? Highlighting particular phrases by using techniques such as bold, underline, or italics ? Use of images, charts, or graphs ? Spacing of the text ? Use of color ? Different sized fonts ? Different types of font ? Bullet points Organization: Features related to how the writer chooses to organize the information in the text. Writers generally use more than one method of organization. This can be about the text as a whole or a particular section of the text. Some common organization techniques are: ? Problem-solution ? General – particular ? Matching-contrast ? Topic-restriction-illustration ? Description ? Narrative ? Instruction ? Explanation ? Definition ? Exemplification ? Classification ? Compare-contrast ? Cause-effect ? Discussion-argumentation Content: Text content is not always obvious. Think about what information the author has decided to include in the text and how it relates to the topic, purpose, and audience. Here are some things to think about to help identify content: ? What are the appropriate topics and relevant details? Why is a specific topic appropriate or relevant based on the purpose and the audience? ? What are the assumptions behind the author’s statements? (This should be about the author’s beliefs and NOT about the audience is) ? ? ? Does the author use disciplinary knowledge? This is generally knowledge gained through study or work in a particular field. Are there any places you see insider knowledge? This is generally knowledge that is shared by a relatively small number of people and that is not known by others, often because it is secret. Who are the participants? Who is quoted/paraphrased? Whose points of views are expressed in the text? If the text is about a controversial issue, are both sides addressed? Style: Features relating to the language the author uses in the writing. These should be things that stand out. Here are some things to think about when you are trying to identify features relating to style: ? Is there anything that stands out about the vocabulary? ? Is a specific grammar feature being used that is not often used in other situations? (use of passive voice, use of a lot of modals, use of relative clauses, etc.) ? Is there anything that stands out about the verbs that the author has selected to use? ? Is there anything you notice that is different about the sentence structure that stands out to you? ? Does the author use jargon? ? Is there any figurative language, such as metaphor and simile? Values: Often the most difficult to identify. Think about what is important to both the reader and writer. This needs to be specific and greatly depends on the genre and topic of the writing. Here are some things to think about when you are trying to identify values: ? What life experiences relating to the topic have both the reader and writer had? ? Do the reader and writier come from the same cultural background? What values are associated with it? These are often related to religion or to societal issues. ? Do both the reader and writer come from the same disciplinary background? What things are important to people from the discipline that are evident in the text? Adapted From Johns, A. Text, Role and Context For the final exam, you will read the attached text and do a DOCS(V) analysis in essay format (using paragraphs) wherein you evaluate the effectiveness of the text. As part of your introduction, you will need to identify: - The topic of the text - The author or the organization responsible for writing the text - The genre (or describe what you think it is if you don’t know what it is called) - The audience - The purpose (what the writer wants the reader to do/think/feel) - The call to write (what caused the writer to write this text) - Your evaluation of the overall effectiveness of this text (this should be your thesis statement) For the body of your essay, you will analyze each of the five aspects of DOCS(V): Design, Organization, Content, Style, and Values. For each aspect of DOCS(V), you should discuss 1-2 specific features of the text. For one of the aspects, you must analyze at least two different features. For the other four aspects, you only need to analyze one feature. As part of your analysis, you will discuss how the features in the text relate to the audience and purpose. Successful body paragraphs tend to use the following structure: - Topic sentence – Identifies the aspect of DOCS(V) you intend to analyze. - Identify 1 feature - Describe/give context for this feature - Provide a specific example of this feature from the text - Analyze how the feature is being used. What is or isn’t effective about the specific example in particular? How can this example help the author reach the audience/purpose? Why is this feature important for this specific genre? Remember to answer how/why questions to develop your analysis. Note: Only one example for each feature is required. However, for some aspects, such as Style, you may want to include more than one example to show that the feature is commonly used in the text. For your conclusion, you need to reflect on the overall effectiveness of this text regarding its success at connecting to the audience and purpose. You also must identify the important characteristics that you believe should be present in general texts of this genre based on your analysis of this specific text. Remember, students who do well on the final exam have analysis of the specific examples from the text. If what you say in your analysis could apply to any example of the feature in any text, you are not being specific and you will likely not receive a good grade. Make sure you write in paragraph form. DO NOT WRITE IN BULLET POINTS! Know the Facts Californians have made extraordinary sacrifices to help slow the spread of COVID-19. Help is on the way as the state begins its rollout of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine. Now the work begins to Vaccinate All 58. Together, we can end the pandemic – in all of California’s 58 counties. COVID-19 Vaccine is Here COVID-19 vaccine for California is here — it is safe and effective. California is receiving shipments of COVID-19 vaccines produced by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna. Health care workers and residents in long-term care will be the first to be vaccinated. California is working closely with community partners and stakeholders to help guide the planning process and ensure the vaccine is distributed and administered equitably. California is committed to a fair and equitable allocation and distribution process. No one should bypass the established vaccine allocation and distribution process. Individuals with the highest risk of becoming infected and spreading COVID-19 will receive vaccines first. Later in 2021, most Californians will have an opportunity to get vaccinated. Vaccines are available at no cost. COVID-19 Vaccine is Safe and Effective California has its own Scientific Safety Review Workgroup comprised of immunization, public health, academic and other experts who are vetting vaccine safety. The Scientific Safety Review Workgroup has confirmed that the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines have met high standards for safety and efficacy. About The Vaccines The Moderna vaccine is approved for those 18 years and older, consists of two doses given 28 days apart, and is 94 percent effective against COVID-19. Sometimes vaccination can cause a sore arm, aches, fatigue or fever for a few days after getting the vaccine, but these are not harmful. Vaccinated individuals should keep wearing masks, washing hands and watching their distance until the vaccine has been widely distributed. The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is approved for those 16 years and older, consists of two doses given 21 days apart, and is 95 percent effective against COVID-19. Remember, your actions continue to save lives. Wear a mask, wash your hands, keep your distance, and when it’s your turn, get vaccinated. For the latest facts, please visit covid19.ca.gov/vaccines.