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Abstract There is a dire need for creating complex solutions to the problem of cybercrime. Developers have effortlessly placed themselves on the fore front of for creating solutions backed with programming to help the monitor large businesses networks. This paper is a documentation of the use of python in cyber security. The many solutions that can be used in python have left developers spoilt for choice. There are various programming languages within python that can be used for digital forensics some of which can be created to be used in LANS. Through the use of open-source software, the program is built to run on hardware of lower cost. The program is also meant to run on demand and scan across networks Introduction Cyber experts have experienced the growth of the popularity for python since it was first introduced. Python has become popular and as such making it a programming language which is quite high-level. Python has gained all the popularity owing to its effectiveness and much more number of libraries. The adherence to readability code and simple syntax has also made python to be used globally by users from all walks of life. Python is so effective such that whatever command it receives, it does the task swiftly and with precision. A user may use python to send TCP- packets to machinery, create intrusion prevention measures, and perform an analysis on malware without any assistance from the third party tools. Any cyber expert would be keen and excited to learn more about python and the use of programming skills. Python in essence offers the ability to identify any possible challenges and fix them in time. The use of python in cyber security is one of the many ways that digital programing has come to gain traction. Many people have come to embrace the role that programming languages have over cyber security. It experts are expected to write scripts and applications. The python language beats all the rest and no other language can match with it in terms of cyber security solutions. Python has earned the admiration of many because it is easy to use and quite flexible and the development needs are quite little compared to other programming languages. This task evaluates the use of python in cyber security and digital forensics. Background information Cyber security experts require programming skills to effectively expedite cyber security. The knowledge on programming is essential for analyzing any likelihood of vulnerability. Malicious software can be identified through programing languages along other risks and as such security analysts should be well versed with that kind of knowledge. An ideal cyber security professional can have knowledge on administration of systems, virtualization software, operating systems and several others. This research is crucial in an attempt to identify how python is used to fight cybercrime as well as the merits it tags along. The research paper contains a brief history on the subject, literature review of the previous research done on the use of python in cyber security, a discussion on the findings and the conclusion. Literature review Technology tools and threats are increasingly evolving and if the experts in the cyber security crime sector do not go with the pace then there are chances that they will be deemed ineffective and lacking relevance. There is chance that if experts do not embrace the ever growing technology then with time they will be unable to provide the increasing demand of the organization defense. In a scenario where one would be using an operating system with new features creating interesting artifacts for forensics but sadly they don’t halve the tools for accessing it. Guido Van Rossum between the years 1985 and 1990 invented the python. The design for python has a focus on the ability of allowing programmers to code and write instructions with fewer codes. Python compared to java has a lower case lower than the likes of Java. The automatic memory management system that gives it the permission to support various programing efforts in python is very unique. There are many possible options which can be used for cyber security but nonetheless python is the most preferred. There are many factors that leave programing being the best for the cyber security task which include easy to learn, wide usage , easy to debug , and is object oriented. Python provides a language library that enables hacker’s testers experts with all the features in a spectrum to create novel programs that are strong and powerful as well as fit for the task. The modules that pythons come with supports web activities like building clients, XML and parsing HTTP. A rapid methodology of application development can be used by web developers needing open source frameworks. Third party tools comes with some advantages such as extra features like optimized handling of calculations making python a more reliable language for programming and application of data. Cyber experts benefit from the use of python and having deep knowledge about the language can be very instrumental. Coding programs is done with ease by the web experts as the language provides with a rapid and compatible platform for the same. Serious security professions need to be up-to speed with the use of python and the kind of combination used to make the very basis of this python. With python, one can be either completely lacking in the knowledge about python or very experienced in the field. Whether or not one has knowledge about python, they can easily make programs in the language that make their work is made easier. There is a dire need for creating complex solutions to the problem of cybercrime. The python language beats all the rest and no other language can match with it in terms of cyber security solutions Developers have effortlessly placed themselves on the fore front of for creating solutions backed with programming to help the monitor large businesses networks. Many people have come to embrace the role that programming languages have over cyber security. It experts are expected to write scripts and applications. Python has earned the admiration of many because it is easy to use and quite flexible and the development needs are quite little compared to other programming languages. The use of python in cyber security is one of the many ways that digital programing has come to gain traction. Organizations in the future need to embrace the use of python in their networks to ensure protection against cybercrime. There is a need for all experts to emphasize on the use of python for cyber security. The programming language has been for so long and its effectiveness has seen python become popular in cybercrime. Experts have experienced the growth of the tool that works without the need for any external interference. Discussion The versatile python language of programming has very many uses and one of them is in cyber security. Python programming language has been used widely on cyber security, digital forensics and penetration testing. There are various aspects and dimension within which python operates such as port scanning, socket programming and geo-location. Domains like mobile app development, cloud computing, web development big data analytics, and network forensics largely depend on the powerful programming language python. For two decades now, users have relied on python and it has been very effective. Python programming also supports other various programming aspects such as functional, object, procedural and imperative oriented. There are various high performance uses of python in computing applications. Companies like Google, IBM, Microsoft, Red hat and amazon among many others rely on python programming for most of their computing solutions. Python delivers as an open source on implementations and other interfaces for dynamic languages and programs. It is this high reliability of python that has made it such a huge and effective tool for cyber security. There extensive use of python for cyber security and digital forensics is nothing to be ignored. The base programming in python, basic activities can be performed without intervention from other tools. Simulation of attacks, wireless scanning of networks, access to mail servers, port scanning, website cloning and creating systems for detection and prevention of intrusion are just but the few tasks that python can successfully expedite. Other implementations that relate to security applications and digital fingerprints can also be carried out by use of python. Network port scanning Implementation of network port scanning is done using nmap tool alongside python socket programming. The implementation of network port scanning can be done without any interference from a third party. Python incorporates just the use of a few instructions lines to expedite and implement network related forensics. Although there are many other available solutions to solve network related and digital forensics, python is the most effective and fastest. Geo-location extraction Python and Google APIS enable real-time locations for any IP address that can be extracted using the pygeoip module. Python in collaboration with Google APIS offers IP addresses that have been scanned thoroughly and with global location and visibility. Real time social media extraction. Python scripts enable the extraction of data in real-time from social media. The many modules in python can help interface connections with twitter, whatsaap, LinkedIn and Facebook. The python programming language is preferred by many users and experts for the following reasons: Easy to learn- python compared to any other programing language is quite easy to learn about it. The programming language is user friendly and works on minimal or no codes. Code readability for python is improves fat. Wide usage The work and roles of python are so diverse and it can be used for very many activities. Python programming language has essentially has a very extensive use and is not limited to little software. Python can also be used to enquire and support web products like Reddit, quora and YouTube. Object oriented language The knowledge about python is very beneficial to users who might be well informed of the programing language. Individuals can easily have more understanding about object –oriented languages for instance java. The only thing required for the user to learn and understand is to learn the syntax for the new language. Open source language Python is availed to developers at zero or minimal for these reasons, many consumers are very excited about this task making python the most preferred language was developers and company. Conclusion The extensive library with rapid application packages and rapid development in python makes it the better alternative for cyber security. Python also benefits from the following few features, modular design with clean syntax code. Better response time, structure, data security which absolutely the best idea. Digital forensic applications and cyber networks have the ability to activate python as one of the best cyber security solution. The programing C language (c++) is the best programming in python. Experts in the field of cyber security, forensic analysts, penetration testers and incident responders have all experienced one common aspect over the years in the industry; change. There have been numerous changes in the field such as a change in technologies tools and threats. The theme of change is completely constant in this field and the networks have been experiencing revolutionary change. Python has essentially provided a long lasting solution to the experts who no longer have to stress about how to use it. Python programing language is completely user friendly. The penetration testers and pother experts are able to keep up with the pace of technology change in the field. Experts are enabling through python, to write tools that are custom and automate activities for easy management and response to unique threats. References Abomhara, M. (2015). Cyber security and the internet of things: vulnerabilities, threats, intruders and attacks. Journal of Cyber Security and Mobility, 4(1), 65-88. Architects, C. (2017). Python, Hacking & Advanced Hacking: 3 BOOKS IN 1 THE BLUEPRINT Everything You Need To Know For Python Programming and Hacking!(Volume 5). Architects, C. (2018). PYTHON & HACKING BUNDLE: 3 BOOKS IN 1 THE BLUEPRINT Everything You Need To Know For Python Programming and Hacking!. Barbu, I. D., Pascariu, C., Bacivarov, I. C., Axinte, S. D., & Firoiu, M. (2017, June). Intruder Monitoring system for local networks using Python. In 2017 9th International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI) (pp. 1-4). IEEE. Benson, V., McAlaney, J., & Frumkin, L. A. (2019). Emerging Threats for the Human Element and Countermeasures in Current Cyber Security Landscape. In Cyber Law, Privacy, and Security: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 1264-1269). IGI Global. Cui, H., & Li, F. (2018, September). ANDES: A Python-Based Cyber-Physical Power System Simulation Tool. In 2018 North American Power Symposium (NAPS) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. Cohen, A., Stern, A., & Fatakhov, G. (2019). U.S. Patent No. 10,262,133. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Gupta, B., Agrawal, D. P., & Yamaguchi, S. (Eds.). (2016). Handbook of research on modern Cryptographic solutions for computer and cyber security. IGI global. Miao, Q., Li, H., & He, Z. (2018, July). Campus Network Control Management System Based on Python. In International Conference on Applications and Techniques in Cyber Security 6and Intelligence (pp. 856-865). Springer, Cham. Naik, S., & Maral, V. (2017, May). Cyber security—IoT. In 2017 2nd IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics, Information & Communication Technology (RTEICT) (pp. 764-767). IEEE. Pandey, R. K., & Misra, M. (2016, December). Cyber security threats—Smart grid infrastructure. In 2016 National Power Systems Conference (NPSC) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. Raj, P. S., Silambarasan, G., & Scholar, M. P. (2017). Role of data mining in cyber security. International Journal of Engineering Science, 13932. Raval, R., Maskus, A., Saltmiras, B., Dunn, M., Hawrylak, P. J., & Hale, J. (2018, April). Competitive Learning Environment for Cyber-Physical System Security Experimentation. In 2018 1st International Conference on Data Intelligence and Security (ICDIS) (pp. 211-218). IEEE. Thakur, K., Qiu, M., Gai, K., & Ali, M. L. (2015, November). An investigation on cyber security threats and security models. In 2015 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cyber Security and Cloud Computing (pp. 307-311). IEEE. Tesfahun, A., & Bhaskari, D. L. (2016). A SCADA testbed for investigating cyber security vulnerabilities in critical infrastructures. Automatic Control and Computer Sciences, 50(1), 54- 62. Tweneboah-Koduah, S., Skouby, K. E., & Tadayoni, R. (2017). Cyber security threats to IoT applications and service domains. Wireless Personal Communications, 95(1), 169-185. [16]. Vaughn Jr, R. B., & Morris, T. (2016, April). Addressing critical industrial control system cyber security concerns via high fidelity simulation. In Proceedings of the 11th Annual Cyber and Information Security Research Conference (p. 12). ACM.

Overview and Purpose of the Programming Language The name of my programming language is Radiohead. The purpose of this programming language will provide scientific calculation, and the primary purpose of this programming language will give instruction to the computer. The natural language has many errors, whereas this programming language does as it will be instructed. The programmer of this language needs to specify the internal behavior, which will be occurred at the execution stage of programming. This language will be altered according to the needs of the user. It will be a universal language, which serves all the purpose. This language's programs will have the balance speed, size, and simplicity from microcomputers to supercomputers. The program will be written, and it will not change for generations. It will undergo constant modifications for a successful outcome. It will discuss the problem and solve them in a particular language, which will be beneficial for all the programmers (Hunt, & Sinyavskiy, 2016). The development of this programming language will add more features to solve the problems using a high abstraction level. Other programming languages are closely tied to the hardware of the computers. The programmers can express their ideas, which will be removed from the simple translation of the hardware instructions. This language will be less tired of the computer's requirement, and the programmers can do more computing with less effect. It will help the programmers to write more programs in a short amount of time. The main difference between this programming language and other programming languages is the unique method of code execution. It will compile into byte code and run in any device, which will have this language's virtual machine (Yin, & Neubig, 2017). On the other hand, C++ is compiled into the machine code, and it runs only the same platforms where it is assembled. Another unique feature of this language will be the library class. The syntax of the Radiohead will be Expression: = number/ Symbol Number: = {+-}/ {0 to 9} + Symbol: = {‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’} List: = "('Expression')" The expression of this language will be the list. It can be a number or symbol. The number is the sequence one or more digits of decisional, and it will have the addition and subtraction sign. The symbol is the character, which will be more than one character or the expression. The list will be the matched parentheses pair with more expression inside it (Srinath, 2017). Interpretation and Compilation Method Radiohead will be the platform-independent programming language that will do not work on the single-step compilation. The will have two steps compilation, such as the operating system's impendent compiler and the virtual machine, which is custom-built for different operating systems. Firstly, the programming file will go through the compiler, which encodes the source code into machine-independent language, and the content will be stored in a separate file. While converting the source code into the byte code, the compilers will follow several steps. Once the program will be written and saved, and it will be needed to compile. In order to compile the program from the line of command, the programmers will need to invoke the appropriate compiler with the help of providing command (Amy, Roetteler & Svore, 2017). The compile of this programming language is the software that will be necessary to develop the application of Radiohead programming language. This programming development kit will include the runtime environment, API classes, compiler, and additional files for the Radiohead language's applets and applications. Compile of the HelloWorld.rh will be the # radioheadcomplie.helloworld.rh. This compile will create the file name HelloWorld.rh, containing the program's byte code. The byte code of this programming language will represent the program files that will include the instruction of the interpreter of this language. The compiler will not execute the program. It will be done by the virtual machine of this programming language, and it will not execute the program directly. The compiler will translate the source code into the program file then the virtual machine will execute the program properly. The compiler of this language can compile multiple programs together. There will be more than one source file in the same directory, and then it will either list the files by the spaces or the character (Sestoft, 2017). After a successful compilation of the HelloWorld.rh, it will run the program with the use of a Radiohead interpreter. In order to pass the program file as the command line argument is showing below # Radiohead HelloWorld The message will print the hello world on the screen. It is seen that the command line of this program will omit the .rh extension of the byte code name of the file. The command line will invoke this programming language's virtual machine, and then it will load the specified program name mentioned at the command line. It will invoke the primary method of the program, and it will start executing this method. It will be a single argument, which is the string array. The array will pass the strings to the primary method for receiving the command line. The virtual will take various steps to run the program of Radiohead programming language (Weng, 2019). Loading will be the process of finding the binary form of the class or the interface with a specific name from the source code with the compiler's help. It will be the simple byte code. It will be the initial effort to execute the program's primary method, where the virtual machine will see that the program will not be loaded. Thereby the virtual machine of this language will not have the binary representation of the program. After that, it will use the loader to load the program in the memory. Besides, the program will not be found, and then it will throw an error. Linking will be the process to take the binary form of the class or interface, and it will combine in the runtime state of the Radiohead's virtual machine. Once the program loads, it will need to be initialized before the main invoking method (Kiselyov,2018). It will involve verification, preparation, and resolution. Verification will make sure that the binary representation of the class or the interface is correctly structured. The preparation will create the static field for the class or the interface, and it will initialize the fields to its default values. The resolution will be the process, which will check the symbolic references from the programs to the other class and interfaces to load additional classes that will contain the correct references. Memory Management and Scoping Features Memory management is allocating new objects and removing the unused items to make space for the new objects. The Radiohead will manage then memory, and it will no need for then explicating intervention of the programmer. It will be essential for this programming language to manage memory effectively without any leaks. This programming language will critically allocate and de-allocate memory. The virtual machine of this language will specify the garbage collection, and it will manage memory allocation so that the programmer will not need to allocate the memory. However, other programming languages like C can access the memory that allocates in the program code (Baxter, 2017). Thus, it creates many memory leaks. The major components of the memory management of the Radiohead will include the virtual machine structure and garbage collector. The Radiohead virtual machine will define various runtime data used during the program's execution stage. Many areas will be created by this virtual machine, where some will be created by the threads which will be used by the program. Besides, the memory will be created by the VM, and it will be destroyed when the VM exits. The data thread areas will be created during the initiation phase, and it will be destroyed when the threads exit.   Fig.1: Radiohead VM Memory Area   The heap will store the actual objects. It will be created when the VM of this programming language will start. The program can control the head area if required and can be fixed and dynamic according to the size. The developer will need to use the new keyword to create the instance of the object in the heap area (Jones, Hosking, & Moss, 2016). While referencing the object that will store in the stack, it will exist one heap for each process running on a virtual machine of this programming language. The garbage will be collected when the heap area will full. # StringBuilder rh: new StringBuilder The above command will create the object of the String Builder class. The object will allocate to the heap area, and the reference of rh will allocate to stack. There will be four types of references for the Radiohead programming languages, such as strong, weak, soft, and phantom. The different references will be the object on the heap area that will refer to the eligible objects for collecting the garbage under the different requirements. The strong references will use in daily programming. The object, which will attach to the strong reference, will not be permitted for garbage collection. The following command will create a strong reference (Raghunathan et al., 2016). StringBuilder rh: new StringBuilder{}; The weak reference of the Radiohead will not survive after the process of garbage collection. Data will request again when it will not make sure. Based on this situation, the programmer can create a weak reference object of this programming language. The collector can destroy the item. It will return the null when the programmer tries to retrieve the object after the collection. The programmer can create a weak reference with the help of the following command WeakRef StringBuilder rh : new WeakRef { new StringBuilder{}}; The soft reference will be collected when the application will be running in low memory. The collector of garbage will not collect the objects, which will be softly reachable. All the soft referenced objects will be collected before the error of out of memory. The soft reference can be created SoftRef StringBuilder rh : new SoftRef { new StringBuilder{}}; The phantom reference will be available on the Radiohead.ref package. It will be defined in Radiohead.ref.PhantomRef. This object will have only pointing to the objects of phantom reference, and it can be collected whenever the garbage collector wanted (Kannan et al., 2017). The stack area will generate when the thread is created. It can be fixed or dynamic in size. The memory will allocate according to the thread, and it will be used for storing data and results. It will contain the reference to the heap area objects. It will hold value rather than the object from the heap area. The variable, which will be stored in the stack, will be known as the scope. The stack frame will be the data structure that will contain the thread data. This data will represent the current method of the thread. It will use for storing the result and data that will perform dynamic linking, return value methods, and exception. A new will create when the method invokes. It will de-allocate the frame when the invoking of the method is done. Every frame will contain the local variable, operand stack, and framed data (Cservenka, 2018). The size of these variables will be determined at the compiled time of the program of the Radiohead. The native stack will be known as the stack. It will contain the native code, which will be written in a language rather than the Radiohead. The interface of this programming language will be known as the native stack. The performance of this stack will depend on the operating system. Every thread will have the register of the program counter, which will associate with it. It will store the return address and the pointer of the native stack. It will also contain the address of VM, which will currently be executed. The virtual machine of this programming language will control the garbage collector. It will decide when to perform the collection of garbage. It can request the VM to complete the collection process, and the virtual machine will run the collection process if it senses the low memory. There will be five garbage collection types in the Radiohead programming language, such as serial, parallel, old parallel, CMS, and garbage collector (Guatto el al., 2018). Specification and Rationale of Language Features Radiohead is a general-purpose, class-based, object-oriented programming language. It will design to be simple. Thus, all the programmers can improve fluency in this programming language. It will be related to other programming languages such as C and C++. Besides, it will be organized differently. Simplicity will be one of the designing objectives of the Radiohead programming language. Another designing goal of this programming language will be to look similar to most developers on the computer. The programmer can relate this language to other languages. The sample program of the Radiohead is given below (Huo, Li & Zhou, 2016). Class HelloWorld [ Static public main {String ()} [ System.out:" Hello World"; ] ] The example will declare the class name called HelloWorld. Within this class, there will be a single method called the main {}, which will display the word "Hello World." There will be three types of data types in this programming language, such as numeric, character, and Boolean. Radiohead programming language will follow the C, C++, regarding the basic data types with a minor exception. The numeric data type will be eight, sixteen, thirty-two, and sixty-four bytes. The real numeric will be 32 bit for float and 64 bit for double. The character data type of this programming language will be related to C. The character type data will be 16 bit Unicode (Al-hassy, Carette & Kahl, 2019). It will be the 16-bit values that will define the code of character from 0 to 65,000. The character can be defined as char : newChar: 'I.' The Unicode value of the above declaration will be the I. Boolean data type will be primitive, and it will be rectifying from the existing languages like C and C++. The value of the Boolean variable will be true or false. It will be a distinct data type of the Radiohead programming language, and it will not be converted to any numeric values. Orthogonality of the Radiohead will be the features that can be used in combination. It will be a relatively small set of the construct that will combine in a few ways to manage the structure and construct data. Every structure will be legal in this programming language. There will be three data types and two operators, such as array and pointer, that can create many data structures. It will make this programming language simpler and regular due it will have less number of exceptions (Duhoux, Mens & Dumas, 2019). The Radiohead will be the collection of the object that will communicate by invoking each other's methods. The syntax will derive from different languages like C, C++. There will be no global functions and variables, and the data member will be considered as the global variable. All the code will be the class, and the values will be the objects in the Radiohead programming language. The feature like operator overloading and unassigned integer will be omitted to ignore programming language. It will make this language simpler. The identifiers of this language will be the code element. The identifiers will contain Unicode character like letter or digit, the sign of currency, connecting character, etc. It cannot start with a digit, and it cannot be null or Boolean (Srinath, 2017). The abstraction of this programming language will be the process of removing the characteristics to reduce the set of significant characteristics. It will be one of the essential principals of this programming language. With the help of abstraction, the developer can hide all the data about the object for more efficiency. It will reduce complexity, as well. It will help to omit all the unnecessary detail of the objects of this programming language (Ezenwoye, 2018). This programming language's expressivity will be the scope of ideas, and that can be represented and communicate in this programming language. It will be an expressive programming language. Thus the variety and the number of ideas will be used to represent (Ezenwoye, 2018). The type checking of this programming will be done on compile. Thus the type checking will be known as static type checking. The information about the value types in this program will be accessible in the execution time. Thus it will increase the execution time, reliability of the execution code. Therefore this Radiohead will be known as static type checking programming language. It will guarantee that errors of type-related will not occur during the execution of the program (Ezenwoye, 2018). The exception handling will be the process that will handle the errors at the runtime related to exceptions like class not found, SQL, Remote, etc. The exception handling of this language will maintain the flow of the program. There will be three types of exceptions, such as checked, unchecked, and error. The class of this language will be inherited from the Throwable class except for the runtime and error exception. The classes which will inherit the RuntimeException will be known as the unchecked exception of the Radiohead. The error will be irrecoverable (Srinath, 2017). Aliasing, this programming language will be more than one alias to the location, which will be updated, and these aliases will have different types. Box 1 = New Rectangle {0, 0,100}     X: 0, Width: 100 Box 2 = Box 1;     Y: 0, Height: 200 The two boxes point to the will point to the same object. This object will have two names, like box one and box 2. It will be known the anti-aliasing of this programming language (Srinath, 2017). Readability, Writability and Reliability The readability of the Radiohead will depend on the readers. This language will have many predecessors, making this language related to other programming languages to adopt this programming language's unique environment. The bracket use will represent the program block, which can improve to organize the complex programs. The compound command can explain themselves that will make this language easier to understand in simple English. This programming language will be case sensitive. Thus the variable should have the same capitalization throughout the program while the keyword should be in lower-case. It will prevent the readers from checking to ensure that the variable name and class will have typed correctly. Additionally, the compiler will catch the spelling and inappropriate capitalization mistakes in the program (Plamauer, & Langer, 2017). Leaning this programming language will take time and experience. However, the memorizing of this programming language will be easy. Every block will have a similar structure, which will be standard for the developer who will continuously create new blocks. Several methods will be available for shorting and encapsulating data such as inheritance, abstraction, etc. The index of the array will start from 1 instead of zero. Thus it will have less chance for overflowing the stack. It will be easy to solve complex problems with the help of the Radiohead programming language (Sebesta, 2016). This programming language will reliable in terms of error miss from both the compiler and developer end. Therefore it will reduce the chance of fatal errors. Many will be encouraged by using the Radiohead programming language. The programmers can make a wide range of applications, mobile app, software related to scientific computation. It will be a safe and trustworthy language for the experienced developer. Radiohead will be more reliable than other programming languages such as Java, C++, Python, etc., and the structure of this language will be well planned (Sheikh, 2016). References Al-hassy, M., Carette, J., & Kahl, W. (2019, October). A language feature to unbundle data at will (short paper). 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Over time, science has bolstered the process of understanding the universe through knowledge organization, hypotheses testing, and multiple predictions over the future of the earth. These advancements keep on changing as scientists acquire new skills and techniques for conducting their researches. The earliest scientific evidence is traceable to the 3000 BCE in regions such as Mesopotamia where the Greek began introducing various ideologies to explain topics such as mathematics, religion, and the astronomy. With this background, this paper will focus on primary sources of literature to outline the history of science in the 20th century and the varied political, social, and cultural contexts. The 20th century marks one of the greatest periods in the history of science. The era is remarkable for the immense contributions in all research fields. These efforts are attributable to other factors such as the diverse study methods available to the researchers and the integration of technology in major aspects of life. Each investigation is largely focused on meeting some multidisciplinary demands that can push people to infinity and progress the developments made in the past era. The 20th century, therefore, makes attempts to understand the working of the universe. Illustratively, science in this period is characterized by initiatives such as the human landing on the moon by Neil Armstrong in 1969 (Kennedy, 1963, 1). The Academy of Science has also played an indispensable role in outlining predictability in the field, the evolution of species, the human brain, and astronomy. As a result, 20th-century science aimed at enhancing the knowledge of the human race. More in-depth questions are being raised like the origin of physics and its influence in modern times. For instance, there is an increased understanding of the universal structure, matter and its components, and the guiding principles on notions such as motion. The Newtonian laws and theories have led to the development of advanced weapons most of which are nuclear. As a result, there has been the development of astrophysics that unifies the various physics’ concepts. Astronomy In astronomy, there was a greater space exploration that resulted in a deeper grasp of evolution. Ideologies such as the Big Bang theory were popularized with scientists discovering more planets in the universe. Pluto was identified as the smallest planet but was soon cut out as a planetoid. Further, researchers discovered that life was inexistent in the other heavenly bodies. However, the concept was still underdeveloped since the 21st century has led to the possibility of life in Mars. People like Victor Safronov wrote publications with several astronomical questions that have since been resolved by new advancements. The landing on the moon mission was propelled by the tensions between America and Russia. Additionally, more nations became involved in the occasional space probe in which artificial satellites roamed the earth’s space without the engagement of any human onboard. These actions improved military intelligence, climate monitoring, communication, and geographic analysis among other crucial fields. Gibson Roy, the Director-General of the European Space Agency explains in an interview that the rise in the use of nuclear weapons led to the International Atomic Energy Agency discussions to ensure that all the countries involved adopting safer practices (Gibson, 2010, 1). He further outlines that such scientific developments led to suspicions due to the involvement of Russia and America. There were also concerns over the wellbeing of the employees working in the delegation and the need to join the European Space Research Organization for a better overview of scientific matters. Biology In biology, the 20th century has seen the growth of genetics through the use of DNA. Researchers have been able to identify the life processes and gene mutation to aid in explaining the diversity of organisms and to prevent others from destruction. The scientists were able to clone a mammal towards the end of the century through an analysis of the gene sequencing and the Human Genome Project. Sexual reproduction and its role to organisms were better understood and concepts such as bacteria became common. Antibiotics were then popularized to minimize the mortality rates caused by these organisms. Doctors have been successful in eradicating disease like polio. More vaccines were developed for conditions like measles, influenza, chickenpox, hepatitis, tetanus, and diphtheria, among other diseases. Multidisciplinary actions have helped in elaborating evolution, and thus it is now possible to conduct tests through placebos, randomized control trials, and other advanced research methods. Tools such as X-rays became popular in the diagnosis of diseases ranging from infections to cancers. Soon enough, the scientists developed more diagnostic options like magnetic resonance imaging. Treatments also improved for conditions such as mental health illnesses with more centers and antipsychotics for depression and hallucinations. Science in the 20th century also included the acknowledgment of hazardous drugs like tobacco linked to the escalation in cancer cases. Other hard substances that were finally illegalized included cocaine and heroin. As a measure, their prices increased tremendously, but addicts turned to black markets for the same products. As a result, there was a need for more research into the effectiveness of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Considerations like tissue typing, blood transfusion, organ transplants, and immunosuppressive drugs were also accepted despite the resistance from some members of the church who perceived the act as detrimental to the sanctity of life. People could get artificial hearts through pacemakers and hence they could prolong their lives. Some of the notable figures linked to the biological development include Joseph Needham, a biochemist and embryologist. Needham is remembered for his contribution to induction in embryos and the numerous publications he wrote during his visits to China. His efforts aimed at bridging the gap between Europe and Asia resulted in the rest of the world learning more about the Chinese and their civilization (Navis, 2007, 1). The University of Cambridge Digital Library supports the role played by Needham through an illustration of pictures for his visit from the Northwestern part of Chungking to Djiayukuan in Ganzu province (Needham, 1944, 1). Finally, the history of science in the 20th century involves the identification of new farming methods. These practices included the genetic modification of seeds to make them resistant to damage by pests and diseases. This measure would in turn increase the likelihood of a good harvest. Such improvements meant that the population would have more food for sustenance in both the rainy and dry seasons. Unfortunately, there was an unexpected population increase forcing researchers to develop contraceptives as a population growth control measure. This move foresaw the rise in premarital sex especially in regions where such acts were forbidden. Generally, improved hygiene led to a minimization of mortality rates among communities. Information Technology In information technology, data has become a valued commodity with many aiming to communicate better with their friends, family, and colleagues. Further, they seek to stay in touch with current trends. The integration of technology in the 20th century has led to the discovery of new treatment choices in the medical field. Previously life-threatening ailments are manageable through safer practices like organ transplants and the use of robots in various forms of therapy. Technology has also ushered in airplanes, electricity, and various forms of automobiles. The Whittle Power jet Papers affirm the role played by individuals like Frank Whittle in ensuring that people enjoyed the luxury brought about by the use of turbo-jet engines (Evans, 2016, 1). The approach works by guaranteeing propulsion from the ejection of gas from an engine’s nozzle. This innovation was an improvement to the former piston engines and is held in high regard especially since it was developed during a war. Despite coming from a humble background, Whittle was determined to see his dreams actualize and consistently put in the work to prove his thesis on the future of airplanes. Chemistry In Chemistry, the era began with an invention of the chromatography as an analytic element. It was also discovered that atoms contain electrons in the nucleus. With the knowledge in atomic structures, Fritz Haber established the Haber process essential in the production of Ammonia through the combination of hydrogen and nitrogen. The product was utilized in fertilizers and thus contributed to the world food supply. Haber is also known for the introduction of chemical warfare in which poisonous gases were used as weapons during wars. After his era, Albert Einstein helped in confirming the atomic theory through Brownian motion. Subsequently, others suggested alterations to the atomic structure models which contributed to the creation of products such as plastic which have adversely damaged the environment specifically the marine life. The century also comprised of studies like the oil drop experiment to assess any variations in the electron's charges in multiple atoms. Einstein’s proposal on the relationship between timing and energy led to the development of a photoelectric reinforcement in analyzing Planck’s concept. Scientists identified the methods of gauging acidity and employed the periodic table through a proper organization of atoms in various compounds. The art of crystallography explained the crystalized structure of some items. It is also during this era that quantum mechanics became popularized. Bohr stated that electrons existed in orbits Justas the planets revolved around the sun. The negatively charged electrons often orbit a positively charged nucleus. Concerns These scientific developments in the 20th century have also raised many concerns such as the role of science in society especially with the environmental changes that make the earth more vulnerable to extinction. Key to this question is the follow up on ethical considerations and the focus on cultural or religious thoughts even as science seeks to improve communities. Nonetheless, the concept has grown to more of a human need and right as compared to previous years. A publication edited by Toss Gascoigne and colleagues presents the growth of science as a key solution to many of the problems the world faces (Broks et al., 2020, 2). As a result, more people are speaking upon the need for the communication of any findings while countries are investing many resources to ensure that their countries have the best research facilities. The book further outlines the unfairness in the access to study material as only the rich nations have been able to meet the scientific materials’ costs of production (Broks et al., 2020, 10). The disparity is echoed by a photo of a science class in Brazil as captured by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (HOSLAC, 2011, 1). The students studying Biology have in the past lacked the exposure to some of the instruments ready to promote scientific innovation. The hope in the picture affirms that the education system in Brazil focuses on other courses such as mining, applied sciences, agriculture, and engineering. Even though these courses are vital, Brazil cannot be classified in the same state as those with an active engagement in research initiatives. Further, the students end up losing focus in scientific courses due to the high possibility of unemployment upon their completion. The book, therefore, resolves to collect as much scientific communication from around the globe to gain the equality necessary in the field. Also, the aim is to expose more people to science despite the numerous volume of available content. Through knowledge creation, these individuals will be educated to address important matters like environmental conservation, healthcare delivery, and the successful integration of technology in all industries. Apart from the mentioned categories, the primary sources on the history of science in the 20th century have proven the effect on contexts namely the social, political, and cultural. Politically, they prove the uneven growth in government structures as influenced by aspects such as war. Most of the figures interested in governance ended up becoming presidents while others are remembered for their sober inputs into issues influencing the existing social facts and realism in understanding human beings. A key contribution is a publication titled The Process of Government by Arthur Bentley. This 1908 article is instrumental in opposing abstractions for a more observable approach determined by different groups. How each of these groupings interacted pre-established the laws, leaders, and population behaviors and reactions. Other philosophers came up with the reconstruction method in which statistics would be used to enhance the findings made by the observations. Alternatively, there was the quantification of human elements such as the subconscious and rationality for a more concise inference on political behaviors. There are issues with the politicization of science in situations such as the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Burr, 2005, 1). The atomic bombs used as a means to end the pacific war and meet the interests of the American population still has a great impact in modern times due to its ethical concerns. Many people lost their lives even though it is clear that the Japanese wanted to surrender before the bombs were dropped on their land. The primary sources include intercepted communications of the emperor’s intentions (Burr, 2005, 1). Many have been left wondering whether there would have been a different outcome in case the course of action was delayed or stopped altogether. Culturally, some of the scientific developments modified the cultural practices of the communities by viewing their actions as outdated. According to Bud et al. (2018), many people were inclined to artistic presentations as the core exclamation points for various phenomena until mathematical expressions became them the viable way of comprehending concepts (14). Fortunately, the emergence of new developments was akin to the creation of new traditions in which more people were interested in notions such as technology, modern architecture, and engineering. These effects translate into the social sphere in which the primary literature sources present the increased interactions among individuals due to the need to communicate scientific findings. Also, individuals recognize the impact of emerging technologies and strive to ensure that the benefits of existing science outweigh the risks. In conclusion, the primary sources were elaborative on the history of science in the 20th century. Before the era, science was still instrumental in helping human beings understand different facets of their universal existence. Dating back to the domination of the Greek, people have always been inquisitive to know more about the planet and other heavenly bodies. Science in the 20th century is evident in all many fields such as astronomy, biology, chemistry, and information technology. The medical system has seen major developments in the available treatment options while there is an increased variety of food products through genetic modification attempts. However, the primary sources also highlight issues such as the impact of climate change due to the adversity caused by the use of plastics. Also, the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki whose effects are still evident in current times. It is therefore important to ensure that scientific developments are in reasonable measures for the sustainability of populations.   References Broks, P., Gascoigne, T., Leach, J., Lewenstein, B.V., Massarani, L., Riedlinger, M. and Schiele, B., 2020. Communicating Science: A Global Perspective. Bud, R., Greenhalgh, P., James, F. and Shiach, M., 2018. Being modern: the cultural impact of science in the early twentieth century (p. 438). UCL Press. Burr, W., 2005. The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II A Collection of Primary Sources. The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II: A Collection of Primary Sources. Available at: https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/index.htm [Accessed December 8, 2020]. Evans, R.L., 2016. Peterhouse: Peterhouse, Whittle Power Jet Papers. Available at: https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-WHITTLE-00001/1 [Accessed December 8, 2020]. Gibson, R., 2010. Oral history of British science. Sounds. Available at: https://sounds.bl.uk/Oral- history/Science/021M-C1379X0019XX-0005V0 [Accessed December 8, 2020]. HOSLAC, 2011. Teaching the Basic Sciences in Brazil. HOSLAC. Available at: https://mypages.unh.edu/hoslac/book/teaching-basic-sciences-brazil [Accessed December 8, 2020]. Kennedy, J.F., 1963. We choose to go to the Moon. Speech presented at Address at Rice University on the Nation's Space Effort in Rice University, Houston (1962, September 12). Navis, A.R., 2007. Joseph Needham (1900-1995). Embryo Project Encyclopedia. Needham, J., 1944. Joseph Needham: NW - Northwest journey. Cambridge Digital Library. Available at: https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PH-NRI-00002-00010-00001-00001-00002 [Accessed December 8, 2020].

With an average of 256 programming languages, data scientists have a wide variety of languages to use in their analytical tasks. Some programming languages work best for software application development, other work best for development of games while others work best for data science. Statistical programming languages are high-level programming languages that enable data scientist to create code that is independent of the type of computer. Statistical programming languages are used to analyze data sets and help analysts to generate useful information from big data. Some of the most familiar statistical programming languages include R programming language, SQL, BASH, MATLAB, PHP, Ruby, Go, SAS, Java and Python (Tippmann, 2015). First, statistical programming languages and tools provide data analysts with an effective platform representing, modelling and processing massive amounts of data. The exponential growth in the internet, information systems, communication networks and social media platforms have enabled data scientists to collect massive amounts of structured, semi- structured and unstructured data. Statistical programming languages provide tools and means to derive knowledge, insights and conclusions from the data that may not be in the data set directly. Secondly, statistical programming languages such as R and Python provide algorithms that help computer scientists to process raw data. These languages offer several analytical methods that reveal interesting patterns and trends from big data. Data scientists use numerous algorithms for machine learning, Artificial Intelligence and predictive analysis. Some of the algorithms include K Nearest Neighbors, K means clustering, Linear Regression and Logistic Regression. Statistical programming languages are also significantly crucial for statistical modelling models. Experts define statistical models as mathematical models that embodies statistical assumptions concerning the generation of sample data, or similar data gathered from larger populations. Statistical modelling helps data scientists to encode information extracted from the data more effectively and quickly. The accuracy of the conclusions drawn from big data analysis is of paramount importance in the digital world. Statistical programming languages provide a standard form of processing data, thus allowing data scientists from across the globe to collaborate in data processing tasks. The standardization of data analysis also enables the comparison of the results obtained and to determine the accuracy of the knowledge generated (Tippmann, 2015). Despite the complexity of some programming languages such as R, they are relatively easy to use once the analysts understand the syntax of the language. It is relatively easy to generate mine insights from data when using statistical programming languages. Lastly, statistical programming languages allow swift and quick mining of big data. Several programming languages enhance the development of communities that consist of leading statisticians, data analysts and data scientists from different parts of the globe. Some Advantages And Disadvantages The R Programming Language Has Over The Other Main Statistical Programming Languages R is one of the most popular statistical programming language for statistical modelling and analysis. Like any other programming language, R has its advantages and disadvantages. Advantages Of R Open-source – R is an open-source programming language. Anyone can work with R and its tools without the need of paying a fee or acquiring a license. Software developers and data scientists from around the world are allowed to participate in the development of R by customizing the existing packages, resolving issues and developing new packages. Exemplary support for data wrangling – R offers packages such as readr and dplyr that are used to transform unstructured and semi-structured data into a structured form. The Array of Packages – R has a vast array of packages in the CRAN repository that appeal to all the areas of industry (Gardener, 2012). Highly Compatible – R is highly compatible with other high-level programming languages such as C, C++ and Python. R can also be effectively integrated with existing information systems such as databases and Hadoop. Platform independent – R is a cross-platform programming language. This means that R can work effectively with Mac, Linux and Windows operating systems. Continuously growing – R is a constantly growing language that provides updates whenever a new feature is added. This is the main language why R is the most dominant among all the other developing statistical programming languages. Disadvantages Of R Programming Languages Basic security – R programming language lacks underlying security, an essential feature that is offered by other programming languages such as Python. As a result, R cannot be embedded into web-applications. Complicated language – R is one of the most challenging languages to learn, especially for users who do not have experience in programming (Matloff, 2011). Lesser speed- Due to the complexity of R programming language, programmers with limited experience in R may find it challenging to implement algorithms across the different packages. Data Handling – the physical memory of R stores more objects and utilizes more memory as compared to other statistical programming languages such as Python.   References Gardener, M. (2012). Beginning R: The statistical programming language. John Wiley & Sons. Matloff, N. (2011). The art of R programming: A tour of statistical software design. No Starch Press. Tippmann, S. (2015). Programming tools: Adventures with R. Nature News, 517(7532), 109.

Overview According to Daher and Hajjdiab (2018), the development of cloud computing has made it easier for numerous enterprises all over the world to store vast amounts of data. The scalability and elasticity of cloud computing have made it possible for businesses' Human Resource Management (HRM) systems to store their organizations' crucial information in the cloud. For instance, the Onibere Odunayo Security (OOS-4) model has made it simpler for HRM to store data by having it deployed in the cloud. This has enabled the model to support OOS-4. Software is used in Human Resource Information Systems. This software often combines various human resource activities into a single package. These functions include recruitment, review, administration of benefits, and training. Performance analysis may also be included. The Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS), which are also known as Human Resource Management Systems (HRMS), are available to a wide variety of businesses. It incorporates a strategy approach that comprises storing, collecting, validating, maintaining, and retrieving data required by a specific business about its personnel activities, human resources, and organizational unit attributes (Linthicum, 2018). The data can be retrieved as needed. Purpose of the research When a company's essential data is kept in the cloud, it opens the door to a number of potential problems. These problems are mostly associated with the safety of the data, which calls for an exhaustive investigation into the dangers posed by cloud computing (Guo, 2019). In addition, it is vital to have a conversation about the different facets of cloud computing, with the goal of formulating solutions to the specific vulnerabilities that have been found in order to keep the organization's data secure. Concerns with the security of cloud computing include the virtualization of systems and the sharing of resources. According to Linthicum (2018), organizations and service providers of cloud storage should work together to develop solutions for improving cloud storage security that are based on unique security concerns. In addition, cloud human resource managers are equipped with a variety of modules to ensure that all tasks related to human resources are improved. For instance, choosing the appropriate benefit modules guarantees that management will have complete access to the benefit programs offered to employees. According to Xu et al.'s research from 2020, these benefit plans make it simple to implement other methods like adjusting salary schedules, saving for the education of children, and putting money away for medical expenses. Literature review According to Guo (2019), human resource management entails educating, recruiting, compensating, and evaluating workers, in addition to providing an acceptable response to their issues over justice, labor relations, and health and safety. Computing in the cloud, on the other hand, refers to a method to information processing in which computing capabilities that are generally handled centrally are typically provided in the form of services. These computing capabilities are typically offered to a variety of user-interfacing devices throughout the network systems in accordance with the individual requirements of each device. Computing in the cloud has given rise to a new facet of information technology, which is centered on the provision of a wide variety of services to clients. It is currently utilizing large amounts of computing power and storage space that is associated with cloud storage service providers in order to make sure that computing is made easier for a variety of customers and that their experience is improved. According to Hussein (2018), cloud computing is defined as a platform that makes a variety of services available to its customers based on the demand of users located all over the world. According to Daher and Hajjdiab (2018), the top players in the platform, such as Microsoft, Google, and Amazon, are delivering cloud computing services that include platform as a service (PaaS), infrastructure as a service (IaaS), and software as a service (SaaS) for their customers to utilize (PaaS, IaaS, and SaaS). The Platform as a Service (PaaS) architecture gives its users the ability to create and develop their own apps without having to worry about storage or processors. Users of Google App Engine, which is an example of a platform as a service, have the ability to launch their apps using the programming languages Java and Python thanks to Google App Engine. Additionally, cloud computing has the potential to provide a large amount of leverage for use in human resource management systems. This is because there are many enormous datasets that need to be able to be accessed and stored with ease. It makes sure that human resource managers are able to concentrate on the applications, while cloud computing service providers take care of providing the essential facilities (Hussein, 2018). Many people are concerned about the safety of their data while it is stored in the cloud, and the majority of these debates are centered on the activities that take place in the cloud (Hasan et al., 2020). It was clear that the data as well as the assets consisting of computing equipment and assets needed to be safeguarded. One user of cloud computing may access the databases of other customers using the cloud platform, despite the fact that this presents various opportunities. On the other hand, in order to limit or decrease the number of instances in which other users access data that belongs to other companies or users, the organizations that are utilizing the program are supposed to allocate certain privileges and roles to specific parties. In addition, there has been a rise in the number of attacks that are cloud-based, but strategies and precautions are being developed to prevent incidents of this nature. According to Xu et al.'s research from 2020, the level of data security that is connected with cloud storage should be sufficient to inspire sufficient trust that the platform is safer for enterprises to store their essential data. Practical applications Because it provides both local and global security designs that are relevant to military contexts for human resource information systems, the OOS-4 model is extremely important. This is related to the fact that the model is associated with applying sensitive sorts of information due to the presence of multiple levels of protection measures. The OOS-4 was developed to enable departmental and management security levels, where permission is necessary to post and create summary. This was done with the intention of preventing unauthorized access. In a more fundamental sense, the model generates an organization that possesses the appropriate people at the required places at the required time, which is also carried out in an environment that is more secure (Hasan et al., 2020). According to Xie, 2020, the operational human resource management process, which includes retirement, hiring, training, and deployment, should be carried out in settings that maintain confidentiality and exclude external parties. In addition, strategic human resource management, which provides organizations that are subject to checks with future orientations for their businesses. It also focuses on how management, integrated administrative, and personnel systems ought to be deployed in an effective manner in order to support functional processes both inside and outside the country. For instance, making key information essential for United Nations observation missions available to individuals could lead to intense lobbying on the part of the personnel. The primary purpose that the human resource models provide is to aid in the comprehension and examination of work organization, workforce governance, reward systems, and staffing structures. Management of human resources is an essential function since it plays an important part in fostering positive worker interactions, which are shaped by a variety of different circumstances. According to Ankrah and Sokro (2016), the presence of factors such as these has the potential to significantly impact the level of confidentiality maintained by a system. (Ankrah & Sokro, 2016) The final point is that the human resource system is a data-intensive approach, which means that the records of the organization are typically kept in the form of a database. The database contains all of the records of a specific company that have been captured by the applications. This database is also a typical target for cybercriminals because it contains sensitive company information. It is not always the case that data security is considered until the development of the applications, despite the fact that fixes are issued routinely. The majority of publicly administered human resource management systems either make insufficient use of data encryption or do not use it at all to protect the organization's database. On the other hand, the human resource management system that is available to the public ought to implement data encryption, and Google should make certain that its platforms require apps to be created in programming languages and deployed in runtime environments that are either Python or Java. On the platform for cloud storage, the applications can be accessed either free domain names or the users' own domains. This will ensure that companies are able to easily manage the human resource information systems thanks to the anonymity that is produced by the cloud storage once the information has been encrypted. This will lead to minimal effects from external variables, which will improve the operations of human resource management (Xie, 2020). Conclusion Cloud storage is an essential component of the storage and data protection landscape. The processes of selecting, recruiting, retiring, training, and deploying personnel can all be improved with the help of human resource management in an organization. Because each user's needs are treated uniquely, the cloud storage will provide a level of protection that is superior to that provided by traditional methods. This protection will be provided to the data that is stored there. In most cases, the records that are obtained from the clouds using the applications are in the form of plain text. If you view them from records, they will appear in the form of numbers, which will make it more difficult for persons to gain illegal access to such data and use it. Because of this, it is more difficult for outside forces to access the data of the business and utilize those data to exert influence over the functions of human resource management. References Ankrah, E., & Sokro, E. (2016). Intention and Usage of Human Resource Information Systems among Ghanaian Human Resource Managers. International Journal Of Business And Management, 11(2), 241. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n2p241 Daher, Z., & Hajjdiab, H. (2018). Cloud Storage Comparative Analysis Amazon Simple Storage vs Microsoft Azure Blob Storage. International Journal Of Machine Learning And Computing, 8(1), 85-89. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijmlc.2018.8.1.668 GUO, W. (2019). An Analysis of the Innovative Model of Enterprise Information Resource Management Based on "Internet +" and Cloud Computing. Destech Transactions On Social Science, Education And Human Science, (iced). https://doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/icesd2019/29864 Hasan, M., E, B., Almamun, M., & K, S. (2020). An Intelligent Machine Learning and Self Adaptive Resource Allocation Framework for Cloud Computing Environment. EAI Endorsed Transactions On Cloud Systems, 6(18), 165501. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.13- 7-2018.165501 Hussein, L. (2018). The Relationship Between Information Technology Governance and Human Resource Information Systems Infrastructure. TANMIYAT AL-RAFIDAIN, 37(120), 115- 130. https://doi.org/10.33899/tanra.2018.159991 Linthicum, D. (2018). Approaching Cloud Computing Performance. IEEE Cloud Computing, 5(2), 33-36. https://doi.org/10.1109/mcc.2018.022171665 Xie, Q. (2020). Machine learning in the human resource system of the intelligent manufacturing industry. Enterprise Information Systems, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2019.1710862 Xu, Z., Zhang, Y., Li, H., Yang, W., & Qi, Q. (2020). Dynamic resource provisioning for cyber- physical systems in cloud-fog-edge computing. Journal Of Cloud Computing, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-020-00181-y