In several countries, particularly in the developing world, small and medium enterprises have a crucial role. The majority of enterprises globally contribute to Small and medium enterprises and are significant as sources of creating employment and increasing economic growth. They account for about 90 percent of enterprises and more than 50 percent of the world's largest workforce. In developing economies, formal SMEs potentially contribute to 40 percent of the overall GDP [CITATION The201 \l 1033]. Many formal jobs are created in developing economies by Small and medium enterprises, which generate 7 out of 10 jobs [CITATION The201 \l 1033]. In particular, in marketing campaigns, the massive rise and influence of social media have opened up new possibilities for marketing strategies, allowing SMEs to communicate with their customers effectively and factually at a cheaper cost and with more productivity than conventional communication channels [ CITATION \=allS \l 1033 ], especially during the pandemic period. However, acquiring financial services is a major hindrance to the Growth of Small and medium enterprises. It is the second most prevalent barrier for SMEs to expand their business in developing and developed countries. A multitude of issues and drawbacks are faced by small startups like Small and medium enterprises.

Small and medium-sized businesses are much less probable than large companies to be able to access debt financing; therefore, they depend on internal capital, or capital from family and friends, to start and effectively operate their businesses. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) reports that 65 million companies in developing countries, or 40 percent of established micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), have an unfulfilled funding demand of $5.2 trillion per year, corresponding to 1.4 times the existing amount of MSME borrowing worldwide  [ CITATION The201 \l 1033 ]. Nonetheless, small business does have its own advantages. First, independence, Entrepreneurs are their own managers are.  They make these choices and come up with strategies to run the business effectively and efficiently. They pick on whom to conduct business with and what task they're going to perform. As well as what to pay and when to take holidays, they determine what days and hours to function. The independence to manage their future would be enough for most business people to overshadow the possible risks [CITATION Rua18 \l 1033].

Secondly, SMEs ensure financial gains for most small businesses. The entrepreneurial activity provides a better opportunity than working with others to receive substantial financial benefits. Possessing a personal company eliminates the salary limitation when people are workers in other companies, especially when they are not paid well. Most startups are motivated by the giant entrepreneurs they see nowadays, including Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos, and Warren Buff et [ CITATION Rua18 \1 1033 ]. Although reaching the global market takes time, most startup entrepreneurs are motivated by successful business people who began as SMEs, therefore forming a significant step towards financial gains as self-employed employees. Other than that, it ensures a sense of control over the entire business process since the launching stage. It allows one to engage in the company's total activity, from idea to model to the formation, through marketing to business processes to customer response. Small business owners who are motivated by enthusiasm and imagination and have a "dream" of what they plan to accomplish, this capacity to be completely absorbed in the company is very rewarding [ CITATION Rua18 \1 1033 ]. This degree of engagement enables the company owner to really construct everything of their own, which gives them a chance to implement their own strategies and form business policies to ensure their business's smooth functioning.

Thirdly, small and medium enterprises give the owner a sense of privilege. This provides the prestige of being the individual in command. The definition of becoming the owner attracts most entrepreneurs. Furthermore, however, there is the dignity and modesty of possession. When someone says, "Who was doing this?" "The businessman might respond, "I did." thus, giving them the status of being in charge [CITATION Han14 \l 1033]. Furthermore, they ensure equity since they offer a person the chance to create equity that can be preserved, transferred, or handed along to the next generation. Owning several companies across their lives is not unusual for entrepreneurs. They build a business, manage it for a while and sell it to somebody else afterward. To fund the next business, the revenue from this transaction could then be used. The main goal can be to create something that could be transferred on to their children to help secure their economic future if they are not eager to sell the company. One thing is sure: people need to be the owner to enjoy the economic advantages of a business enterprise truly [CITATION Lib13 \l 1033].

Also, it offers various opportunities to business owners and the community as a whole; for instance, the entrepreneurial activity provides a chance for an individual to make a difference. Most small entrants boost the country's industry. Several benefit societies as a whole by their inventions by providing employment opportunities, taking part in environment rehabilitation programs, and youth empowerment campaign. However, they often face a range of risks and drawbacks within their tasks, such as time commitment. When anyone starts a small business, it is possible that they will have limited staff, at least at the start. This leaves the person with all of the obligations and responsibilities. Owners of small businesses report working over eighty hours per week, managing everything, including buying to accounting to marketing. This dedication to time will burden friends and family and contribute to the pressure of beginning a new commercial enterprise [CITATION Kar20 \l 1033].

Subsequently, even though the enterprise has been designed to mitigate the founder's potential liability and risk, risk cannot be eliminated completely. For example, if a person leaves a stable job to pursue a business dream and the company fails, it may be difficult to resolve this financial setback. Business owners have to understand the danger of product liability, staff disputes, and compliance standards alongside liquidity loss [CITATION Loa19 \1 1033].

Additionally, while the enterprise may be competitive at the outset, external factors like economic recessions, new competitors entering the marketplace, or changes in customer preferences may prevent enterprises' progression. It would never be possible for even entrepreneurs who go through a rigorous preparation phase to predict all the future changes in the market world [CITATION Rua18 \l 1033].

Apart from those, the financial commitment is another major issue impacting small and medium-sized businesses [CITATION Sim19 \1 1033]. It takes a certain amount of money to set up even the smallest of business projects. For several individuals establishing startups, personal savings, pensions, or retirement savings are their key capital sources. Commitment to a commercial enterprise with these types of funds makes them inaccessible for personal or family requirements. In several situations, if a small business seeks startup financing via credit, the businessman must protect the loan by promising personal properties, such as a house [CITATION Kar20 \l 1033]. Comparatively, since the major limiting issue affecting most small and medium-sized businesses is access to adequate financial services, improving SMEs' access to financial services and seeking creative ways to access financial capital is a main area of the World Bank Team project. In order to maximize the impact that SMEs can contribute to the various sectors of economy, especially underserved sections, including women-owned  SMEs, their strategy is comprehensive, incorporating consultancy and loan services to clients [ CITATION The201 \l 1033 ]. Advisory and Policy Support for SME finance typically involves diagnostic procedures, assistance for implementing the business, international support, and exchange of good practice expertise [CITATION The201 \1 1033].

For instance, the world bank is focusing on providing the following as a remedy for mitigating challenges experienced by SMEs; Supporting the introduction of policies such as establishing conducive conditions, developing and setting up credit guarantee systems.

Improving the credit systems, which involve credit reporting programs, protected payments, collateral registers, and bankruptcy regimes can contribute to increased financial inclusion for SMEs [ CITATION Holl 7 \l 1033 ]. The implementation  of technologies in SME financing, such as e-credit systems, the use of e-invoicing, alternative credit decision data, funding of the production process, and e-factoring [ CITATION The201 \1 1033 ]. Additionally, ensuring the financial sectors' evaluation to define areas for change in legislative and compliance contexts, allowing improved access to financial services for proactive SMEs. In consideration of SME finance operations, policy analysis, technical assistance, and other advisory services may also be offered. Resources and flagship articles for knowledge management on continuous improvement, effective models, and policy structures can be given to startup SMEs to motivate them [CITATION Rua18 \l 1033].

Conversely, Outreach for sustainable SME finance via membership and sponsorship of  the Financial Stability Board, the G20 Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion, and the International Credit Committee for Credit Reporting on SME Finance issues [ CITATION  The201 \l 1033 ]. Other recommendations include; first, Early Stage Innovation Funding is applied to ensure debt and equity or quasi-debt for the startup or high-growth businesses that otherwise would not be able to access credit facilities. Secondly, implementing Partial Credit Guarantee Schemes (PCGs) since the implementation of Partial Credit Guarantee Schemes is integral to SMEs' survival, and funding for such services' design and capitalization can be given by the government or the global monetary services. This would make it easier for SMEs with poor sustainability and collateral to access funding services. It will establish a comprehensive environment for the growth and advancement of exports, as well as the growth and promotion of SME startups for local and overseas services [CITATION HonlO \l 1033]. Lastly, SME Lines of Credit to provide dedicated bank funding ensures that SMEs often have longer tenors than are commonly commercially available to positively influence investment development, diversification,  and export [ CITATION The201 \l 1033 ].

Therefore, it can be concluded that regulatory enforcement, supply chain management, human resources, and credit access are listed as essential aspects of operating most small and medium-sized enterprises. The results indicate that performance is a multifaceted process. All contributing factors have to be taken into account and approached concurrently to ensure that startups and existing SMEs have a favorable atmosphere for their sustainability.

Critical Appraisal

The definition of learning styles is commonly used to explain how learners collect, filter through, view, process, draw conclusions, and store knowledge for future application. Learning style preferences relate to typical attributes and expectations in the methods individuals take in and interpret information. Most of the main models for understanding learning preferences are integrated into learning styles. They are structured to be used by college and university students to self -test their learning preferences. The concept of learning styles started in the 1970s, where students have unique, personalized learning styles that function better for them, asserted by a growing body of literature and sector. Considering the variance in categories of Learning styles and preference. The underlying concept regarding learning styles remains the same: each person has a particular learning style or preference, and they understand it better when knowledge is delivered in this style. For instance, if visual learners are provided graphically or by other aspects of digital images, kinesthetic learners will learn any subject at hand better if they could include facial expressions in the learning process. The main three Learning styles and preferences include; Kalb's Model, Honey and Mumford Learning Styles, and YARK Model.

Kalb's experiential learning theory operates on two dimensions: a four-stage learning cycle and four different types of learning. Most of the theory of Kolb is associated with the intrinsic cognitive abilities of the learner. Kolb notes that learning requires the development of abstract principles that can be implemented intelligently in various contexts. Unique ideas establish inspiration for the emergence of new ideas in Kalb's theory [CITATION Sau17 \l 1033]. Usually, Kalb's theory of experiential learning styles is determined by a four-stage learning process, which includes; first, Reflective Observation of the New Experience of any contradictions between perception and comprehension that are of special significance. Secondly, concrete experience represents an emerging experience or circumstance encountered or a restatement of existing experience. Thirdly, Abstract Conceptualization requires contemplation that gives rise to a new idea or a shift in an established abstract idea that the individual has developed from their knowledge. Lastly, active experimentation in which the learner incorporates their theories in order to see what occurs to the world within them [CITATION Saul7 \l 1033].

Comparatively, when a student goes through a period of four phases, effective learning can be evidenced: having a particular experience preceded by analyzing and reflecting on that experience that contributes to the emergence of abstract ideas analysis and assumptions that are then included in subsequent situations to formulate a theory, giving rise to new encounters.

Kalb's theory considers studying as an interlinked cycle, with each stage simultaneously supporting and developing into the subsequent step. At any point, it is possible to join the cycle and follow it through its logical series. Successful learning, however, only happens when a learner can execute all four phases of the design. Consequently, often no phase of the process is successful as a learning process [CITATION Saul7 \l 1033].

In comparison, Peter Honey and Alan Mumford defined learning styles centered on Kalb's research and provided various different learning styles or preferences: activist, theorist, pragmatist, and reflector. These are the four learning styles that people naturally choose, and they suggest that each learner should consider their learning style and pursue the chance to engage using that style to maximize their own personal learning. Honey and Mumford have created a Learning Style Questionnaire for learners to achieve their specific learning style, and they will be in a much better place to do three significant things with this knowledge [CITATION Hon82 \l 1033]. First, be sharper at finding a better match between the opportunity for education and the way they perceive effectively. It makes their education smoother, more productive, and more rewarding. Secondly, the bandwidth of interactions from which their self ­ efficacy can be extended. Becoming an all-around student enhances their flexibility and allows them to learn from a broad spectrum of formal or informal interactions, some scheduled and some unintentional. Lastly, it enables learners to enhance their learning abilities and strategies. An adequate understanding of how students study sets new personality and change in the entire phase. Continuous learning is the most significant skill of learners because it offers the key to anything else they would like to build [CITATION Hon82 \1 1033].

In contrast, there are several unique ways to classify learning types, but one of the most common is the YARK model by Neil Fleming. In 1987, Fleming launched a model that was aimed to assist learners and others learn more concerning their individual learning preferences. The YARK model of learning styles indicates that the primary kinds of learners are: first, kinesthetic learning based on hands-on activities, experiments, and movement. Secondly, reading and writing, for instance, reading textbooks, making lists, and taking notes. Students of reading and writing learning styles tend to learn effectively if the information is presented as text and words. Thirdly, visual learning is based on diagrams, movies, and pictures. Visual learners tend to see knowledge portrayed visually instead of writing for this form of learning. Lastly, auditory learning centered on lectures, discussion, and music. Via hearing knowledge, auditory or aural learners prefer learning. They seem to get a lot out of learning sessions and are excellent at recalling information they are taught  [ CITATION Ken191 \l 1033 ].

Besides learning style concepts, the relevance of the YARK design has been widely challenged and criticized. Some commentators have argued that it may potentially be a major obstacle to learning to mark a person as having a certain preferred learning style. Despite these critiques, the YARK model is particularly reasonably common both among teachers and learners. Learners may appear attracted to a specific learning style. Others can notice that their learning styles reside somewhere in the process, like considering combining auditory and visual learning highly competent [CITATION Ken191 \l 1033]. If a person has no particular learning style or may switch preferences depending on circumstances or the type of data they are studying. They possibly have what is regarded as a multimodal preference. Nonetheless, Learners might consider that it can be beneficial to understand their own style of learning. If they acknowledge that auditory learning attracts to them more than other learning preferences, it could enable them to recall and appreciate their learning more by using auditory learning techniques combined with other learning styles like reading and writing.

Educational researchers have established various typologies of diverse learning styles to support teachers in successfully engaging each learner in their classroom to ensure that the learning process is efficient, beneficial, and desirable to the learners. It is upon the learners to conform to the most appropriate preference of learning that suits them. However, since some learners can excel well with diverse learning styles; they do not suddenly indicate that they should really be associated with multiple learning preferences in certain instances. While the modern cultural setting has enabled multimodal learning simpler than before, studies have suggested considerable precaution and consideration when incorporating digital instructional material into the curriculum. Multimedia should be viewed carefully as a tool to an appropriate teaching purpose instead of an objective on its own. More complicated topics and capabilities should be designated for multimodal, interactive teaching than simply remembering.

It can be concluded that learners can be categorized as complex in people with distinct learning styles, personality types, cognitive preference, attitudes, and attitudes towards learning. As a result, students have different mechanisms of learning and comprehending different information they come across.  Every person has a unique and reproducible preferred method of retention, organization, and perception. Such uniqueness is based on personality types and preferences. Some learners will prefer to understand information effectively if presented via audio, while others will like it better if they read it visually inform if pictures. These learning preferences and styles serve as a better signal of how students interact with learning materials, respond, and perceive the learning environment. Also, learners do not solely rely on a single learning style, but they usually have a preference for either one or two, depending on the situation.  By acknowledging their specific learning style, they can use their learning preference to realize their weakness and strengths of each style.

References

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• Cherry, K. (2019, November 27). Overview of VARK Learning Styles. Retrieved from www.verywellmind.com:  https://www.verywellmind.com/vark-learning-styles-2795156
• Collins, K. (2020). 5.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Business Ownership. Retrieved from https://2012books.lardbucket.org:   https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/an- introduction-to-business-v2.0/s09-04-advantages-and-disadvantages-o.html
• Han, L. B. (2014). The use and impacts of bank support on UK small and medium-sized enterprises. International Small Business Journal, 32(1), 61-80.
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• Honohan, P. (2010). Partial credit guarantees: Principles and practice. Journal of Financial Stability, 6(1), 1-9.