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Athena's Verdict Essay

Categories: Greek Mythology

  • Words: 1372

Published: Jul 04, 2024

In Greek mythology stories, there is always an upright, moral lesson to be learned. In Eumenides, written by Aeschylus, You see the takeaway message of Revenge vs. Justice. Revenge is symbolized by the Furies and Justice takes form in the goddess of wisdom, Athena. Athena is the word of reason and ultimately finishes the story in a way where everyone is happy.

The story Eumenides, is one of revenge and hard moral values, in which you can both learn and be entranced by. It starts with a prince who has killed his mother because she killed his father, who in tum had killed his sister.The Furies are haunted by his mother's ghost and go to punish him for killing her. The Furies have a very revengeful nature and refuse to even think about the fact that Orestes might had been justified in his killing of his mother. What they don't find out until later is that Apollo, the God of the Sun, had ordered Orestes to kill his mother. The Furies try to kill Orestes but he has fled to Athens where Athena seeking help.  So, she sets up a trial with 10 of her citizens to become the jury for Orestes's trial.

Athena's method to solve the issue was the diplomatic way that Greece was favoring at the time.

They had juries and would cast votes on matters of importance. Athena is represented as a non-biased government system where you would plead your case and people would determine your worth. They believed in everything being balanced and having a solution which is how Athena ultimately ends the story: by resolving the conflict with an ambiguous judgment that seems to satisfy all parties involved.

Athena, throughout the story was playing the devil's advocate but she never once said that

Orestes's mother's murder was morally justified.  In The Eumenides translated by Hugh Lloyd Jones, Athena pronounces, "I approve the male in all things... Therefore I shall not give greater weight to the death of a woman" (Eumenides, 737-739). This is Athena's judgment, and it sets Orestes free not on the basis that he was right in killing his mother, but because she can't give woman's death more weight than that of a man's. Apollo's main argument for Orestes to be free is that breaking of a marriage vow is worse than that between and mother and son. Athena did not have a mother, but was born from Zeus, so she has no ties to connect between a son and a mother and how death and killing might affect the bond they shared. I think Athena also takes into account that Orestes is troubled about his mother's death and how he partook in it. He cries out "no dreams, these torments, not to me, they're clear, real- the hounds of my mother's hate" (Libation Bearers, 1056-1057), when he meets The Furies.

The Furies believed that the tie between and mother and a son is far more sacred than that of a marriage, that blood is thicker than any contract you bind with someone. Athena casts her vote, and because she doesn't have a mother, can't sympathize with the furies plight. She also says that she will always sides with the male, for she was made from a male. "I will cast my lot for you. No mother gave me birth. I honour the male, in all things but marriage. Yes, with all my heart I am my father's child." (Eumenides, 750- 753)

Athena's judgment does not justify the murder of Orestes's mother; it only relieves him of his suffering. Which shows Athena's good nature and mercy to those she comes in contact with in the story. She even shows kindness to the Furies who claimed they would destroy her city for siding with Orestes. The Furies believe their honor has be compromised because Orestes is not being punished,  but Athena sees their struggle and offers to grant them new power and gives them new identities and purposes in life, to be the goddesses who protect Athens, which they take. "Look, it is all yours, a royal share of out land­ justly entitled, glorified forever." (Eumenides, 898-899).  Athena was the voice of reason, the bringer of the end of Eumenides. The revenge is satiated and justice is served.

Work Cited

  • Aeschylus, The Oresteia (Lloyd-Jones, H. Trans) (2014). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Aeschylus, The Oresteia (R. Fagles, Trans.). Penguin classics.

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In addition to visual imagery, Cisneros also employs sensory imagery to enhance the reader's experience of the novel. Throughout the story

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