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Question 1 What is an operon? Do eukaryotes or prokaryotes utilize them? Describe how operons are used and give an example

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Question 1

What is an operon? Do eukaryotes or prokaryotes utilize them? Describe how operons are used and give an example.

Question 2

Describe how the process of gram staining works. What exactly is being stained for either gram positive or gram negative?

Question 3

In microbiology labs all tests have a positive and negative control. What does the positive control plate prove? What about the negative control plate? What is an air plate?

Question 4

Describe what spelunker's disease is and what kind of pathogen causes the disease. Is it systemic or cutaneous? What is the treatment?

Question 5

Describe what is meant by the following terms.

Psychrophile

Thermophile

Halophile

Mesophile

Necrophile

Hyperthermophile

Which of the following above are most likely to cause human disease? Why?

Question 6

What are the mechanisms an antibiotic can use to destroy a bacteria? Describe all mechanisms.

Question 7

How do bacteria become resistant to various selective pressures? Describe the process and how or why it occurs. What is the name of this process?

Question 8

Do most protozoans cause human diseases? Roughly how many do? Give two examples of diseases caused by protozoans.

Question 9

Describe how pin worms infect their hosts. What is the treatment? Are pin worms prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Question 10

Describe the process of transcription and translation. Describe these processes in detail and list the steps of each with an explanation.

Question 11

What are the most important factors to take into consideration when using an antimicrobial? What could make that antimicrobial less effective?

Question 12

Describe how the autoclave works. What are the temperatures and pressures that it reaches? What is the control for the autoclave?

Question 13

Explain how PCR works in your own words. How would it be used to determine if a certain species of bacteria was present in a sample?

Question 14

What are the stages of Syphilis? How long is the time between each stage? What kind of pathogen is Syphilis?

Question 15

Explain the following terms, 

Transformation

Transduction

Conjugation

Question 16

Describe the structure of an antibody. What classes of antibodies are there? What region makes every antibody different?

Question 17

What two tests must a T cell pass in the thymus while it is maturing?

Question 18

What are the steps of the lytic cycle? What are the steps of the lysogenic cycle? Can a virus switch back and forth between these two cycles? What is an example of this?

Question 19

Describe Hansen's disease. What are the symptoms? What are the treatments? Is it highly contagious? 

Question 20

What is SARS? What are the symptoms, and what is the mortality rate? What kind of pathogen is SARS?