Wake Tech

PSY 150

Chapter 9 Motivation and Emotion

Test Bank Psychology in Your Life

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1)Hugh is sad that his best friend is studying abroad for the entire academic year. His brother tries to get him to go to some social events, but Hugh does not want to do anything. Hugh’s behavior is not energized, directed, or sustained, and he is lacking

1. 1. motivation.
   2. emotion.
   3. self-actualization.
   4. homeostasis.

2. Janelle knows that motivational states are directive, meaning that they
   1. call attention to important goals.
   2. activate us to do something.
   3. help guide behaviors that satisfy our needs.
   4. determine a pattern of physiological activation.

3. Jerome’s boat sank in cold water and his body temperature is dangerously low, so he starts swimming to raise his body temperature. According to motivational theory, Jerome’s low temperature created a deficient state called a(n)                      , which in turn created a motivating state called a(n)               to increase his temperature.
   1. habit; incentive
   2. incentive; habit
   3. need; drive
   4. drive; need

4. A child is very excited to go to the playground. He is walking in circles, fidgeting with his hands, and showing other forms of agitation. These behaviors are most likely the result of
   1. homeostasis.
   2. arousal.
   3. incentives.
   4. goals.

5. Daria is writing a lecture about motivation and wants to explain states of biological or social deficiency. Which of the following should she NOT include as an example of a “need”?
   1. water
   2. sleep
   3. achievement
   4. money

6. When he is hungry, August knows he is experiencing a(n)                           , which is a physiological state that encourages behaviors that correct a deficiency state.
   1. goal
   2. incentive
   3. need
   4. drive

7. When explaining the purpose of homeostasis, Dr. Murphy would most likely suggest that it
   1. generates a drive to satisfy a need.
   2. stabilizes conditions in the body.

1. 3. creates a state of arousal.
   4. uses incentives to reduce drives.

8. Cyril is writing an essay on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Which of the following should he include as a critique of the theory?
   1. Self-actualization may not be necessary for happiness.
   2. It is limited to Western cultures.
   3. It defines the nature of a need too broadly.
   4. It underestimates the role of physiological factors.

9. According to the work of Clark Hull, when we are deprived of some need, a drive is created that
   1. creates homeostasis.
   2. can prevent habits from being formed.
   3. increases proportionally with the degree of deprivation.
   4. operates according to the Yerkes-Dodson law.

10. Ming is hiking around a lake to photograph it from a variety of angles, but she forgot to bring water with her. Soon, she cannot concentrate and goes back to her car to satisfy her thirst. Which of the following factors is most likely influencing Ming’s behavior in this situation?
    1. drive reduction
    2. incentives
    3. optimal arousal
    4. the pleasure principle

11. Raymond is studying for finals and has not slept for almost two days. He finally realizes he is exhausted and goes home from the library to sleep. Raymond’s desire to go home and get some rest so that he no longer feels tired is a
    1. goal.
    2. incentive.
    3. drive.
    4. need.

12. Mauricio does not get enough milk to drink and begins to eat chalk from his classroom to replace the missing calcium. Mauricio eating chalk in order to replenish the calcium in his body is an example of
    1. self-determination.
    2. a habit.
    3. an incentive.
    4. homeostasis.

13. Cesar has done so well in his economics class that he only needs 43 out of 100 points on the final exam to receive an “A” in the class. Cesar still studies a lot because he wants to do well on the final. Cesar’s behavior is affected by

1. 1. a drive.
   2. external motivation.
   3. a habit.
   4. internal motivation.

14. Ruth has weighed 130 pounds all her adult life. During her pregnancy, she gained 25 pounds. After having her baby, Ruth’s weight returned naturally to 130 pounds. For Ruth, 130 pounds was a(n)            , and her body went back to it through the process of                                                                                  .
    1. optimal weight; equilibrium
    2. set point; equilibrium
    3. set point; homeostasis
    4. optimal weight; homeostasis

15. Antoinette is a real risk-taker. She loves to skydive, and she can party all night. Benita dislikes risk-taking and prefers quieter activities, such as reading and yoga. These contrasting preferences in the rate of physiological activation they experience suggest that Antoinette and Benita differ in their
    1. extrinsic motivation.
    2. optimal level of arousal.
    3. intrinsic motivation.
    4. self-actualization.

16. From an evolutionary perspective, we can see that pleasure                          the likelihood of survival and reproduction because it                              .
    1. increases; promotes adaptive behaviors
    2. decreases; interferes with adaptive learning
    3. decreases; promotes negative behaviors
    4. increases; interferes with responses to pain

17. Since anxiety can hurt test performance, Thatcher does relaxation exercises before a big exam. He is shocked when he does poorly on the exam. He would have been less surprised had he known about the relationship between physiological activation and performance, as described in
    1. self-determination theory.
    2. Cannon’s theory of homeostasis.
    3. the Yerkes-Dodson law.
    4. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.

18. Jenna plans to be an engineer. However, she loves taking dance classes and makes time for them even if it means that she must skip a meal or not get much sleep. Jenna’s behavior is best explained by
    1. satisfaction of needs.
    2. drive reduction.

1. 3. incentives.
   4. the pleasure principle.

19. Terry’s home was destroyed in a hurricane. It is hard to find food, so he is constantly hungry. However, he feels lucky because his family survived and he is together with his loved ones. According to Maslow’s theory, Terry’s                                                                                          needs are not met, but his                       needs are being met.
    1. safety; esteem
    2. physiological; belonging
    3. physiological; esteem
    4. safety; belonging

20. Gertrude is close to finishing her degree in biology and has been offered several good jobs in her field. However, Gertrude decides that she really wants to become a carpenter. She quits school and becomes a very happy and successful carpenter. According to Maslow, Gertrude
    1. does not have a need for achievement.
    2. is self-actualized.
    3. has high self-esteem.
    4. is behaving according to her set point.

21. Robert becomes anxious during exams. He has found that chewing on the eraser on his pencil while he thinks helps him to calm down. Over time, Robert’s pencil chewing is likely to become a(n)
    1. incentive.
    2. habit.
    3. drive.
    4. need.

22. Shana wants to establish an exercise routine, but she really does not like to work out. If she decides to use incentives to motivate her behavior, which of the following is Shana most likely to do?
    1. ask a friend to get a gym membership with her
    2. work out at midnight when she has the most energy
    3. buy herself a new pair of shoes after exercising every day for two weeks
    4. weigh herself each morning to decide how much she needs to exercise that day

23. Vincent is a brilliant artist and is very satisfied with his achievements. However, he has little to eat, lives in poverty, and spends most of his time alone working on his art. Why would Vincent’s life be problematic in terms of Maslow’s need hierarchy?
    1. Satisfaction is an emotion, not a need.
    2. Lower needs must be met before higher needs.
    3. Satisfying the need for esteem requires financial success.
    4. Lower and higher needs cannot be met simultaneously.

24. During recess, children are trying to balance a seesaw. If one side is too low, a heavier child will get off and be replaced by a lighter child; if one side is too high, a lighter child will be replaced by a heavier one. The children’s behavior is similar to our biological states as they try to create
    1. drive satisfaction.
    2. equilibrium.
    3. arousal.
    4. a habit.

25. Stewart desperately wants a job in computers. During his interview, he is aggressive about his thoughts and ideas. A motivation theorist who believes in external motivation would say that Stewart
    1. has a strong aggressive instinct.
    2. thinks that being aggressive will make a good impression.
    3. has a high level of arousal.
    4. wants to have enough money to live on.

26. Luke needs about seven hours of sleep a night. During his spring break, however, he sleeps 10 hours just because he enjoys it so much. Luke’s behavior is difficult to explain with which of the following motivation theories?
    1. drive reduction
    2. incentives
    3. optimal arousal
    4. pleasure principle

27. Parvati is a competitive gymnast at the Olympic trials. She is highly motivated to perform her absolute best. Given your knowledge of the effects of arousal on performance, the best advice you can give Parvati is that she should calm down because
    1. very high arousal can hurt her performance.
    2. very low arousal can help her performance.
    3. extrinsic motivation will reduce her ability to focus.
    4. self-efficacy will increase her ability to focus.

28. Sarah wants to do well in class because she is earning credit toward graduation, which is her goal. Joe wants to do well in class because he gets pleasure from learning new material. Sarah is influenced by   motivation. Joe is influenced by                motivation.
    1. intrinsic; extrinsic
    2. extrinsic; intrinsic
    3. intrinsic; intrinsic
    4. extrinsic; extrinsic

29. Jalila reads the paper every day because she is intrinsically motivated. Jalila most likely reads the paper because
    1. she uses it to find grocery coupons to save herself money.

1. 2. she feels a need to keep current with world events.
   3. it keeps her mind occupied during her boring staff meetings.
   4. it prevents the person next to her on the train from talking to her.

30. Recently, Miriam’s violin instructor tells her that she has to practice three hours a day for a competition. Although Miriam usually practices more than three hours, she suddenly finds that she enjoys playing a lot less. Self-determination theory suggests that Miriam’s sudden loss of interest happened because
    1. she no longer feels that she is choosing to practice.
    2. she is afraid of not doing well at the competition.
    3. the competition is now more important than the music.
    4. playing has become work, not pleasure.

31. Makenna is starting her first job as a teacher. To effectively motivate her students, Makenna should
    1. set goals that are easy to meet so she can reward her students often.
    2. not set goals for them because they should be intrinsically motivated.
    3. allow each student to set his own goals so that everyone is likely to succeed.
    4. set challenging and specific goals that are not too difficult or too easy to encourage persistence and concentration during lessons.

32. Hernando and Fiona are in an advanced math class, which they love. In order to increase his effort in the class, Hernando’s parents give him $5 for every “A” that he gets. Fiona’s parents do not reward her for good grades. Fiona is more likely to do well in the class because of
    1. self-perception theory.
    2. self-efficacy.
    3. delayed gratification.
    4. self-determination theory.

33. Roland tells himself that he must love soccer because he works so hard at it. Then, Roland’s coach tells him he can get a full soccer scholarship to college. Now Roland tells himself that he is working so hard because he needs to earn a scholarship. Roland now enjoys soccer less.

Self-perception theory would explain Roland’s behavior by saying that

1. 1. he no longer feels that he is choosing to practice and play.
   2. he is afraid that he will start losing games.
   3. winning the scholarship has become the reason for playing soccer.
   4. playing has become too much hard work.

34. Beth’s entire family has a high achievement motivation. Which of the following is Beth NOT likely to observe in her family members?
    1. unrealistically high career goals
    2. attainable personal goals
    3. high exam scores

1. 4. high grades in career-related classes

35. When recreating Mischel’s famous marshmallow delay-of-gratification study, Art finds that children who successfully wait to eat the marshmallow are LEAST likely to
    1. focus on a painting on the wall.
    2. play with another toy.
    3. sing a song.
    4. stare at the marshmallow.

36. Emilio has an “A” average, and Claudio has a “C” average. Both men have career aspirations of becoming aeronautical engineers to work for NASA. Claudio likely has                                                                than Emilio.
    1. lower achievement motivation
    2. higher achievement motivation
    3. better delayed gratification
    4. worse delayed gratification

37. Research has shown that social isolation increases the risk of illness by the same amount as smoking a pack of cigarettes a day. This finding supports the idea that the need for                                                               is a fundamental adaptive motive.
    1. actualization
    2. belonging
    3. efficacy
    4. affiliation

38. Tara is shooting hockey pucks into a net. If she has a low need for achievement, she will probably take                                         practice shots.
    1. moderately difficult
    2. very easy
    3. no
    4. many

39. Noor and Ahmad, 4-year-old twins, are shopping with their mother. She offers to buy them each a small cookie now or a large toy later if they are good during the shopping trip. Noor takes the cookie, but Ahmad waits for the toy. Based on this, who will be more successful in high school?
    1. Noor, because he has a higher achievement motivation
    2. Noor, because he can delay gratification
    3. Ahmad, because he can delay gratification
    4. Ahmad, because he has a higher achievement motivation

40. Mr. Griffin has a class full of students with high achievement motivation. To help these students do well on his calculus exam, Mr. Griffin should write questions that are
    1. difficult.
    2. easy.
    3. moderately difficult.
    4. variable in their difficulty.

41. John is hanging out with a group of friends. Which friend will pay the most attention to social information?
    1. Nate, who is outgoing and has many friends
    2. Suzanne, who is shy but has a close group of friends
    3. Akon, who belongs to many social groups
    4. Jacob, who is shy and does not know very many people

42. After studying sexual motivation, Samad knows that the most important hormone for sexual functioning in men is                                                 and the most important in women is                       .
    1. androgens; estrogens
    2. estrogens; androgens
    3. estrogens; estrogens
    4. androgens; androgens

43. Pluto the dog is hit by a car while chasing a squirrel. Afterward, he starts losing weight and does not seem interested in eating his food. Pluto  is most likely having problems with

                   , which tells us when to stop eating.

1. 1. ghrelin
   2. his blood
   3. leptin
   4. his limbic system

44. One day, Bill surprises his friend Ted by jumping out from behind a tree. Ted is startled and falls backward, hitting his head on a rock. The next day, Ted cannot stop eating and eats as much food as possible. Ted may have damaged the                                                                                            in his brain.
    1. amygdala
    2. hypothalamus
    3. frontal lobe
    4. hippocampus

45. Sandra is a nutritionist who knows that long-term regulation of body fat primarily involves
    1. glucose.
    2. ghrelin.
    3. leptin.
    4. the hypothalamus.

46. Troy finds it very hard to lose weight. No matter how often he exercises, he keeps gaining weight instead of losing it. He thinks that he has a genetic predisposition to be overweight, which has most likely made him sensitive to the hunger-promoting effects of
    1. ghrelin.
    2. leptin.
    3. the hypothalamus.
    4. the gustatory cortex.

47. Sally is having a hard time losing weight and keeping it off because the more weight she loses, the hungrier she feels. This condition is most likely due to the effects of                                                                           , which triggers feelings of hunger.
    1. insulin
    2. leptin
    3. glucose
    4. ghrelin

48. Marty just lost 15 pounds. Even though she has better eating habits, she has a strong urge to eat more frequently than she did before she lost the weight. The most likely reason for Marty’s problem is
    1. an increase in ghrelin.
    2. a decrease in glucose.
    3. a decrease in leptin.
    4. equal levels of leptin and ghrelin.

49. Blythe had a large breakfast in the late morning. Even though she was planning to skip lunch, she starts to feel hungry at noon and decides to eat. The fact that Blythe wants to eat at her normal lunchtime even though she ate a late breakfast can be best explained by
    1. classical conditioning.
    2. homeostatic adjustment.
    3. poor self-regulation.
    4. low self-efficacy.

50. At a potluck, everyone brings their favorite dish to share. Gavin decides to avoid the foods he has never heard of before and instead eats only the macaroni and cheese he brought to the party. In this example, Gavin eating food he prepared himself suggests that he is most influenced by
    1. satiety cues.
    2. conditioning.
    3. the limbic system.
    4. familiarity.

51. If Phong makes his girlfriend Regina dinner and his menu selection is influenced by his culture, he would most likely make Regina
    1. french fries, because he can make them very well.
    2. snake wine, because it is a delicacy in his native Vietnam.
    3. spinach salad, which she eats several times a week.

1. 4. chicken pot pie, because it was her favorite food growing up.

52. Daniel is a psychologist who studies sexual motivation in college students. If Daniel wants to gather some background information for an upcoming study, whose work would it be best for him to consult?
    1. Abraham Maslow
    2. Clark Hull
    3. Alfred Kinsey
    4. Walter Cannon

53. Dr. Nelson noticed that women with damage to their hypothalamus have difficulty feeling sexual arousal. In this situation, Dr. Nelson’s patients are experiencing a disruption of their

                     , particularly the                        phase.

1. 1. sexual refractory cycle; plateau
   2. sexual refractory cycle; excitement
   3. sexual response cycle; plateau
   4. sexual response cycle; excitement

54. Sean feels like his sex drive has diminished over the past six months. Sean may be experiencing                                                 levels.
    1. increased androgen
    2. decreased androgen
    3. increased estrogen
    4. decreased estrogen

55. If Zita has a higher level of testosterone compared with other women, she will be most likely to
    1. want to engage in sexual activity more frequently.
    2. have larger breasts.
    3. easily reach the plateau phase of the sexual response cycle.
    4. have decreased levels of estradiol.

56. Research on mating strategies suggests that to generate interest from the opposite sex

successfully, men should present themselves as                            

themselves as                    .

1. 1. professionally successful; physically attractive
   2. physically attractive; a good cook
   3. intelligent; physically attractive
   4. professionally successful; intelligent

and women should present

57. Emily is discussing the basis of homosexuality with a friend. During the conversation, Emily cites research on the role of hormones in the development of sexuality that found that
    1. lesbians have lower levels of testosterone than heterosexual women.
    2. gay men have higher levels of testosterone than heterosexual women.

1. 3. lesbians were exposed to a higher level of androgens during prenatal development.
   4. gay men were exposed to higher levels of androgens during prenatal development.

58. According to sexual strategies theory, men and women differ in their sexual behavior because they
    1. operate under different cultural constraints.
    2. face different adaptive problems.
    3. have different distributions of hormones.
    4. differ in their natural level of commitment.

59. Shannon is annoyed because her cousin Nicholas can sleep with a different girl every weekend, but if Shannon does not wait to have sex until marriage, her family will believe she has no morals. The difference in the way that Shannon and Nicholas are treated by their family is an example of
    1. the sexual response cycle.
    2. sexual strategies theory.
    3. the double standard.
    4. mate selection.

60. From an evolutionary perspective, it makes sense that men would like to have more sexual partners than women. This is because
    1. women lose value as potential mates with each partner they have had previously.
    2. having multiple partners makes men appear more desirable.
    3. women are less likely to have healthy babies with multiple partners.
    4. men can increase their number of offspring with multiple partners.

61. According to sexual strategies theory, women may prefer a mate with high status because
    1. the male’s status is passed onto his partner.
    2. he has more resources to support his family.
    3. his high status implies good genetic potential for intelligence.
    4. his high status implies good adaptive skills.

62. Ekman and colleagues found that several emotions are common to people around the world, including all of the following EXCEPT
    1. fear.
    2. guilt.
    3. sadness.
    4. disgust.

63. Jie recently got out of a bad relationship. While she is excited to be single again, she is not sure how she will move forward on her own. Jie’s uncertainty in making a subjective evaluation about her current situation means she is struggling with
    1. arousal.
    2. attitude.

1. 3. motivation.
   4. emotion.

64. Delia lives far from her family and rarely visits them. On a recent trip home, Delia realizes that her nephews do not know who she is. This makes Delia feel remorseful. Because remorse is a blend of other feelings, Delia is experiencing a(n)                                                                                     emotion.
    1. positive
    2. objective
    3. secondary
    4. primary

65. Jason and Cora are riding on a roller coaster, which is producing high levels of arousal. They attribute their aroused state to romantic feelings for each other and feel they are falling in love. The effect of the roller coaster is from the                                                                                    associated with emotion.
    1. physiological processes
    2. subjective evaluations
    3. cognitive beliefs
    4. primary evolutionary adaptations

66. You are walking through the jungle and you see a very large snake. Which of the following explanations best represents the James-Lange theory of emotion?
    1. You are afraid because you are shaking.
    2. You are shaking because you are afraid.
    3. You are shaking because you know that a snake is scary.
    4. You are shaking and you are afraid.

67. You are walking through the jungle and you see a very large snake. Which of the following explanations best represents the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?
    1. You are afraid because you are shaking.
    2. You are shaking because you are afraid.
    3. You are shaking because you know that a snake is scary.
    4. You are shaking and you are afraid.

68. Ross is explaining the different theories of emotion to his younger brother. When describing two-factor theory, he explains that a situation causes a
    1. physiological response that is followed by a cognitive label.
    2. cognitive label and the physiological response follows.
    3. physiological label that is followed by a physiological response.
    4. physiological response that is followed by a physiological label.

69. Mabel is comparing theories of emotion. When studying the two-factor theory, she notes that people experience emotion through
    1. simultaneous physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation.
    2. the subjective emotion followed by the physiological response.
    3. physiological arousal followed by cognitive interpretation.

1. 4. the emotion correlated with the physiological response pattern.

70. When going to her office on the seventh floor, June either takes the elevator or the stairs. If June takes the stairs, she will be annoyed when asked a simple question by her coworkers. However, if June takes the elevator, she is more patient. The irritated reaction that occurs when June is physiologically aroused by climbing the stairs is an example of
    1. the facial-feedback hypothesis.
    2. an emotion label.
    3. excitation transfer.
    4. reappraisal.

71. Jason gets excited every time he walks into his physics class. However, Jason has never really liked science, so he does not think that his excitement is due to the class. Instead, he decides that he must be attracted to his lab partner. Jason’s misattribution of his arousal in an attempt to explain the excitement he feels is consistent with which theory of emotion?
    1. Cannon-Bard
    2. James-Lange
    3. Maslow’s
    4. two-factor

72. Kirsten and Dustin have gone down the most demanding ski trail at the resort. Back at the lodge, they are feeling extra excitement from finishing their trail and suddenly find that their attraction for each other has increased greatly. This effect is most likely due to
    1. physiological arousal.
    2. excitation transfer.
    3. reappraisal.
    4. emotion labeling.

73. In the musical The King and I, the lead character sings about whistling when she feels afraid to hide her fear, which eventually makes her not feel afraid. The idea that acting like you are not afraid keeps you from feeling afraid is similar to which theory of emotion?
    1. Cannon-Bard
    2. James-Lange
    3. Schacter-Singer two-factor
    4. misattribution

74. Lisa does not like going to her sister Megan’s piano recitals, but she finds that if she forces herself to smile during the recital, she will                                               , as predicted by the                     .
    1. begin to feel happy; facial-feedback hypothesis
    2. begin to feel happy; Cannon-Bard theory
    3. not feel any differently than she did before; facial-feedback hypothesis
    4. not feel any differently than she did before; Cannon-Bard theory

75. Linda is feeling shaky, her heart is racing, and her mouth is dry. She attributes these symptoms to the fact that she has a big presentation in five minutes and she is nervous. Which theory of emotion best explains Linda’s experience?
    1. James-Lange
    2. two-factor
    3. Cannon-Bard
    4. misattribution

76. Kyoti and Niwako are discussing the places in town where they have met the best-looking men. Based on excitation transfer, which place will be at the top of the list?
    1. the library
    2. the laundromat
    3. a quiet restaurant
    4. a dance club

77. Tia is studying for her introductory psychology exam and is having trouble understanding the James-Lange theory of emotion. Her friend Brian took the course last semester and is most likely to explain the relationship between fear and trembling as
    1. unrelated.
    2. being felt simultaneously.
    3. someone trembles because he feels afraid.
    4. someone feels afraid because he is trembling.

78. Janet and Joan are on a hot air balloon ride. They experience identical patterns of physiological arousal: increased heart rate, sweaty palms, pupil dilation, and increased breathing. After each woman assesses the environment, Janet feels happy while Joan is very scared. Which theory of emotion can best explain this difference?
    1. two-factor
    2. misattribution
    3. Cannon-Bard
    4. James-Lange

79. In a study, male participants are given a drug that makes them feel extremely happy. Participants in Group A are told that the drug will make them happy. Participants in Group B are not told about the effects of the drug. Later on, an attractive woman enters the room. According to the two-factor theory, Group A is less likely to feel attracted to the woman because they
    1. were already happy when they came to the experiment.
    2. expected positive feelings from the drug.
    3. identified the positive feelings later.
    4. were not told about the effects of the drug.

80. Current research about the role of the amygdala in emotion suggests that the path from the thalamus to the amygdala prepares someone to respond, and the path from the thalamus to the cortex to the amygdala
    1. initiates memory retrieval.

1. 2. confirms whether a threat is present.
   3. selects a response.
   4. determines whether that is the appropriate response.

81. Winona has difficulty determining how fearful someone is based on the person’s facial expressions. Her friends worry that she can no longer processes the emotional significance of stimuli due to brain damage and think there is a problem with Winona’s
    1. hippocampus.
    2. prefrontal cortex.
    3. thalamus.
    4. amygdala.

82. Danny, who has a damaged amygdala, accidentally spilled kerosene on a campfire and got badly burned. Later, Danny’s reaction to fire is that he
    1. knows it is dangerous and has a strong conditioned fear response to it.
    2. does not think it is dangerous and has no conditioned fear of it.
    3. does not think it is dangerous but becomes terrified around it.
    4. knows it is dangerous but has no conditioned fear of it.

83. Eva and Garnet survived a traumatic bus accident. During the accident, Eva’s amygdala was severely damaged while Garnet experienced no injuries. When compared with Garnet, you would expect Eva to be                                                                       to develop a conditioned fear to buses.
    1. less likely
    2. more likely
    3. equally likely
    4. unlikely

84. After he was robbed, Marcus kept replaying the incident in his mind. “Why did I leave the door unlocked? Some of my stuff was irreplaceable and I can never get it back.” By continually focusing on this negative event, Marcus is coping with his feelings through
    1. thought suppression.
    2. misattribution.
    3. distraction.
    4. rumination.

85. Blake is waiting to hear whether he has been accepted to medical school. He is so anxious that he is having trouble working. To cope with the situation, he tries to keep himself from thinking about it by practicing the guitar. In doing so, Blake is dealing with his feelings through
    1. rumination.
    2. thought suppression.
    3. distraction.
    4. reappraisal.

86. Cynthia’s psychology professor asks the class not to think about purple unicorns. Though Cynthia has never once before thought about a purple unicorn, she finds that she cannot stop thinking about them. Cynthia is experiencing                                                                                           as a result of her attempts at                      .
    1. the rebound effect; rumination
    2. the rebound effect; thought suppression
    3. distraction; rumination
    4. distraction; thought suppression

87. Recently, people have started laughter groups. These groups get together on a regular basis to laugh for a period of time. Even though the laughter occurs without humor, group members show improved mental and physical health. This happens because
    1. the act of laughing is a cue to positive affect.
    2. laughter has physiological effects that are similar to exercise.
    3. we base our moods on our actions.
    4. laughter activates our hippocampus.

88. Angelica claims to be an expert at reading people’s emotions through their expressions. When asked how she does it, Angelica claims that she uses people’s                                                     to give her the best cues as to how they are feeling.
    1. nose
    2. eyes
    3. forehead
    4. chin

89. Sydney, who is currently in a good mood, has been asked about her life satisfaction.

According to the affect-as-information theory, Sydney will most likely respond that she

1. 1. cannot answer without thinking for a while about all aspects of her life.
   2. is generally unhappy with her life.
   3. is generally happy with her life.
   4. does not feel happy or unhappy.

90. NOT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in PsychologyPaloma’s parents spent a great deal of time with her when she was growing up; they always made her feel loved and valued. Erhard’s parents loved him, but they were always busy and distant. As an adult, who is likely to experience more guilt, and why?
    1. Erhard, because he never felt secure attachment
    2. Paloma, because she has developed the ability to empathize
    3. Erhard, because he never feels valued or important
    4. Paloma, because she feels obligated to repay her parents

91. While studying Ekman’s work on expressions of emotions, Tanino is surprised to find out that the strongest cross-cultural agreement in the identification of emotions involves                                                         , and the weakest involves                             .
    1. fear and disgust; happiness
    2. happiness and joy; fear and pain

1. 3. happiness; fear and disgust
   4. fear and pain; happiness and joy

92. Japanese students were shown film clips designed to provoke strong emotions. When Toko watched the clip with other people present, she showed little outward emotion. When Toko watched the clips alone, she showed the same strong emotions observed in American college students. The difference in what Toko considers to be acceptable emotional expression shows the influence of
    1. display rules.
    2. cues from the experimenter.
    3. responding to interpersonal rather than intrapersonal factors.
    4. emotional conformity.

93. When Ellen learns that her roommate will be an international student from Britain, she is worried that her roommate will be stiff and reserved. Ellen is surprised when Diana turns out to be upbeat and friendly. Diana’s behavior goes against Ellen’s beliefs about how people from Britain express emotions and have violated her
    1. ability to read facial expressions.
    2. cultural display rules.
    3. affect-as-information theory.
    4. emotional judgment.

94. You are planning an upcoming trip to Namibia for a service project. The research on facial expressions and emotion would suggest you should
    1. take care because the Namibians will not be able to read your facial expressions.
    2. assume that you are reading the Namibians’ facial expressions accurately.
    3. not worry about how to communicate with the Namibian people.
    4. not worry about misinterpretation because all expressions are recognized in every culture.

95. While explaining affect-as-information theory to her roommate, Bianca should most likely say that we use
    1. current moods to make judgments, even if we do not know the source of our moods.
    2. prior moods to make judgments, even if we do not know the source of our moods.
    3. current moods to make judgments, but only if we know the source of our moods.
    4. prior moods to make judgments, but only if we know the source of our moods.

96. Tamera and Kai found a house they want to buy. The day they found it, they had been having a wonderful time house hunting and planning their life together. A few days later, after having a miserable day at work, Kai goes back to look at the house again. Tamera predicts that Kai will like the house
    1. more because it will remind him of Tamera.
    2. more because of rumination.
    3. less because of affect-as-information theory.