• It is the critical research step that outlines the parameters of confidentiality.

• It is the concept in research that must be vague and unknown to the sample.

• It must be restated in a way that will allow it to be tested.

• It must be ambiguous to leave open the possibility of future research.

3. Structuralism as viewed by Wilhelm Wundt views conscious experience in small pieces by examining which of the following components?

Multiple Choice

• Learning problems

• Memory loss

• Perception

• Personality

4. 

What are evolutionary psychologists especially interested in?

Multiple Choice

• How thoughts and behaviour are influenced by the structure of the brain.

• How behaviour is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.

• How physical characteristics have a genetic basis.

• How personality traits and social behaviour vary across cultures.

5. 

Locke proposed that our minds at birth are which of the following?

Multiple Choice

• Have established patterns of learning

• Similar to "blank slates"

• Flexible due to neurological changes

• Contain memories from the womb

6. 

What does the use of a theory and hypothesis in psychological research allow for?

Multiple Choice

• Questions to find a common ground.

• Movement into the unknown.

• Psychologists to reduce the consistency of the question.

• It to be easily published.

7. 

In the opening Prologue the authors ask the question - Why Study Psychology? They state that the field of psychology gives students insight into all the following EXCEPT which one?

Multiple Choice

• The inner workings of the brain.

• Our susceptibility to criminality.

• How personality traits influence occupational success.

• Why meditation is beneficial at work.

8. 

Scientific method as applied to psychology follows several basic steps. Which of the following describes the first step that is taken?

Multiple Choice

• Formulating a hypothesis

• Designing a theory

• Determining the procedure

• Identifying the question of interest

9.  

What are broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest?

Multiple Choice

• Operational definitions

• Theories

• Hypotheses

• Suppositions

10. 

In the discussion of significance of nature or nurture in determining behaviour and mental processes, what do most psychologists think?

Multiple Choice

• View the role of nurture as the most powerful influence.

• Support a combination of both.

• Support the role of nature as the most powerful influence.

• No longer view either as influences.

11. 

Which statement best describes one of the problems with using college students as subjects of research?

Multiple Choice

• They are often deceptive.

• They often suspect the response the experimenter wants and deny it.

• They may not be a good representative sample when compared to the general population.

• They often suspect the response the experimenter wants and supply it.

12. 

Which of the following is NOT one of the three newer branches of psychology's family tree?

Multiple Choice

• Clinical neuropsychology

• Counseling psychology

• Evolutionary psychology

• Behavioural genetics

13. 

What is the outcome if a hypothesis is too broad?

Multiple Choice

• It cannot be changed

• It cannot provide a theory estimate

• It cannot enhance the theory

• It cannot be tested

14. 

Although Fatima sat at the back of the classroom to make her observation of high school students, it was clear that the students were "performing." Her presence had changed their behaviour and would adversely affect her research. Fatima is using what type of research?

Multiple Choice

• Descriptive research

• Correlational research

• Naturalistic observation

• Survey research

15. 

When his favourite show came on television, three year old Eric heard his dog bark. "Doggy likes my show too, " he informed his mother." What does Eric believe?

Multiple Choice

• That the barking dog caused the television program to begin.

• That there is a correlation between the television program and the dog's bark.

• That there is a cause and effect relationship between the television program and the dog's bark.

• That his mother caused his dog to bark at the television.

16. 

Long-distance runners sometimes report a natural high and a reduction in pain sensitivity associated with the release of which of the following?

Multiple Choice

• Endorphins

• Dopamine

• Acetylcholine

• Norepinephrine

17. 

Which of the following defines another name for a biopsychologist?

Multiple Choice

• Psychic practitioner

• Clinical diagnostician

• Medical psychologist

• Behavioural neuroscientist

18. 

What is a neuron?

Multiple Choice

• A chemical substance transmitted in the bloodstream

• The basic unit of the nervous system

• One of many kinds of muscles found in the motor system

• The sensory apparatus involved in balance

19. 

Which of the following is NOT a primary region in the sensory area of the cortex?

Multiple Choice

• A region related to body sensations.

• A region related to sexual behaviour.

• A region related to vision.

• A region related to hearing.

20. 

Which of the following describes why the pituitary gland is called the "master gland"?

Multiple Choice

• Regulates the response of the brain to an internal imbalance

• Has sufficient power to defend against micro-organisms

• Controls the endocrine system

• Is solely responsible for homeostasis

21. 

In the endocrine system, a hormone is defined as which of the following?

Multiple Choice

• State of rest

• Electrical messenger

• Major organ

• Chemical messenger

22. 

After being fired by the neuron, a neurotransmitter is absorbed into the axon terminal. Which of the following describes this process?

Multiple Choice

• Endorphing

• Reuptake

• Myelination

• Inhibition

23. 

What is the synapse?

Multiple Choice

• A temporary impairment that causes a memory lapse.

• The long slender tail that leads away from the neuron's cell body.

• A gap between an axon's terminal button and another neuron's dendrite.

• The neural structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres.

24. 

Which describes the Lateralization of language ability?

Multiple Choice

• It is stronger in women than in men.

• It cannot be compared between the two genders.

• It is equal between men and women.

• It is stronger in men than in women.

25. 

The medulla is critical for survival, since it controls which of the following?

Multiple Choice

• Body rhythms

• Thoughts and decision making

• Breathing and heartbeat

• Vision

26. 

Which statement describes why it is difficult to study the specialized abilities of the left and right cerebral hemispheres in the brains of normal individuals?

Multiple Choice

• The two hemispheres share information quickly and completely.

• People won't submit for unnecessary brain surgery.

• It is difficult to identify the boundary between the two hemispheres.

• The left side of the brain controls the right side of the body, and vice versa.

27. 

What describes the brain organ that interacts most closely with the pituitary gland?

Multiple Choice

• Cerebral cortex

• Hypothalamus

• Pons

• Thalamus

28. 

Which of the following describes the neurons that transmit information from the perimeter of the body to the central nervous system?

Multiple Choice

• Interneurons

• Motor (efferent) neurons

• Sensory (afferent) neuron

• Spinal neurons

29. 

Which of the following describes the likely consequence of a disabling injury to a man's sympathetic autonomic nervous system?

Multiple Choice

• Frustration at not achieving orgasm during intercourse.

• Difficulty detecting sensory signals.

• Inability to walk without a cane or other aid.

• Intermittent drowsiness, with naps needed throughout the day.

30. 

While watching her favourite podcast, Laura falls fast asleep. Even though her boyfriend Rob tries to wake her. Which part of Laura's brain is Rob trying to activate?

Multiple Choice

• Thalamus

• Sensory cortex

• Wernicke's area

• Reticular formation

31. 

Whitney is an average 20-year-old woman. According to research on physical development which of the following describes Whitney?

Multiple Choice

• She will likely have reproductive problems until she reaches 30.

• She has a high chance of dying from a disease.

• Her reflexes are slower than her parents' reflexes.

• Her physical strength and abilities are at their peak.

32. 

What will a baby do if the Babinski reflex is intact at birth?

Multiple Choice

• Arch his back and throw his head back when surprised.

• Turn his head toward the stimulus of touch.

• Fans out his toes

• Suck when his lips are touched.

33. 

Harlow's research found that baby monkeys preferred to the soft terry cloth covered surrogate mothers to which of the following?

Multiple Choice

• The nest made for them by their mothers.

• Wire monkeys which held their food supply.

• Other monkeys.

• Their real mothers.

34. 

Patricia knows she is not at all like her parents. She could never be like them. She is her own unique person. Her style of dressing, mannerisms, and language emphasize her uniqueness. According to Erikson, which of the following is Patricia attempting to establish?

Multiple Choice

• Isolation

  Incorrect

• Generativity

• Permanence

• Identity

35. 

Which of the following describes Carol Gilligan's research, which indicates the moral behaviour of men and women is not identical?

Multiple Choice

• Women view moral behaviour through broad principles.

• Their social experiences have been different.

• Biological differences create more aggression in males.

• Men tend to emphasize sacrifice for others.

36. 

Which of the following best describes the period during which maturation of the sexual organs occurs?

Multiple Choice

• Genital stage

• Puberty

• Preadolescence

• Genarche

37. 

Compared with Korean American preschoolers, what are Anglo-American preschoolers more likely to engage in?

Multiple Choice

• Parallel play

• Pretend play

• Aggressive play

• Competitive play

38. 

During the first year, infants will do which of the following?

Multiple Choice

• Increase in length by half.

• Triple their birth weight and increase in length by half.

• Quadruple their birth weight and develop an even stronger sucking reflex.

• Triple their birth weight.

39. 

Lorenz developed his concept of imprinting when he found that newborn goslings would do which of the following?

Multiple Choice

• Follow the first moving object they saw after birth.

• Remain in the nest following birth until urged to leave by the mother.

• Refuse to follow any goose other than their mother.

• Require their mother's touch in order to survive.

40. 

According to the research infants who have which attachment style tend to be more socially and emotionally competent as children?

Multiple Choice

• Ambivalent

• Avoidant

• Secure

• Disorganized-disoriented

41. 

As Nancy grows older, her sensory organs have declined in sensitivity, her time to react to stimuli has slowed, and she no longer has the energy to perform such activities as shopping for groceries. What theory would suggest that these declines are the result of the body no longer working as efficiently as it once did, leading cells to reproduce incorrectly?

Multiple Choice

• Genetic preprogramming theories

• Womb-to-tomb theories

• Geriatric psychodynamic theories

• Wear-and-tear theories

42. 

Gabriel is a likeable adolescent despite all of the hardships of his childhood. There is something about him which seems to draw people. He is bright, outgoing, and has a knack of making people feel good about talking to him. Gabriel might be described as what type of child?

Multiple Choice

• Child who had authoritarian parents.

• Child who grew up in a single parent home.

• Child who came from a permissive parenting style home.

• Is a resilient child.

43. 

A child who has reached the concrete operational stage still cannot do which of the following?

Multiple Choice

• Think in logical ways.

• Think about abstract or hypothetical phenomenon.

• Take the perspective of other people.

• Understand that hidden objects continue to exist.

44. 

Andrew sets clear limits for his children, and he has tried to explain his reason behind those limits. But Andrew doesn't just set limits; he also sets goals for his children and encourages them to achieve these goals. Which of the following best describes Andrew's parenting style?

Multiple Choice

• Authoritarian

• Authoritative

• Permissive

• Uninvolved

45. 

One reason why politicians may seek governmental offices is that they can contribute to future generations by shaping positive social policies. Such a motivation is consistent with the developmental issues in which stage?

Multiple Choice

• Ego integrity- versus- despair

• Intimacy- versus- isolation

• Generativity- versus -stagnation

• Identity- versus- role confusion