California State University, Long Beach

ENGLISH 101

Chapter 12 The Great Dynastic Empires of Eurasia, 1300- 1650

1. The ?cement? that held together the multitude of warring states in Central and Southeast Asia after 1453 was
   1. Asian trading routes. B) the Safavid Dynasty.

C) common language. D) Islam.

E) economic interests.

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2. The last gasp of the Mongols was best illustrated by the conquests of A) Abbas the Great.

B) Chinggis Khan. C) Mehmet II. D) Timur the Lame.

E) Bayezid I.

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3. The development that destroyed the advantages of the nomad cavalries of central Asia was A) the rise of skillfully trained ground troops.

B) the introduction of firearms. C) the walled city. D) the elimination of steppe grasses.

E) the creation of armies consisting of professional soldiers.

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4. How did the Ottomans claim legitimacy of rule? A) They were chosen by the Muslim shaykhs.

B) They claimed to be direct descendants of the last Roman emperor. C) There was no need since they ruled by force. D) They linked the warrior tradition with the religious authority of the sufis.

E) They claimed divine revelation.

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5. Which of the following is NOT consistent with Ottoman power? A) They falsified genealogy linking them to the Prophet Muhammad

B) They regained Muslim dominance over Spain C) The Ottomans became the most powerful of the new Muslim empires D) Ottoman power centered in Anatolia

E) The Ottomans conquered Hungary

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6. Which of the following is consistent with Osman?s successors? A) They conquered Egypt.

B) They conquered Constantinople, Romania, and the Crimea. C) They built a powerful navy. D) They conquered Iraq.

E) all of the above.

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7. The greatest of the Ottoman rulers was A) Suleiman.

B) Selim. C) Mehmet. D) Timur.

E) Mehmed II.

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8. The Ottoman Emperor A) lived in splendor.

B) built a wall around Jerusalem. C) conquered Hungary by slaughtering thousands. D) received petitions from his subjects.

E) all of the above.

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9. The ?circle of justice? included all of the following EXCEPT A) the state must have tax revenues.

B) the necessity of a large army. C) the sultan?s subjects could petition for redress of wrongs. D) citizens were

subject to arbitrary regulations.

E) subjects were to receive security.

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10. The ulama were A) the Ottoman high nobility.

B) learned religious scholars. C) army commanders. D) members of the sultan?s council.

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11. The janissaries were A) the sultan?s council.

B) royal administrators. C) elite infantry corps. D) provincial governors.

E) landowners.

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12. Which of the following is NOT consistent with slavery in Ottoman society? A) Slaves were not allowed in the military.

B) Islam prohibited the enslaving of fellow Muslims. C) Slavery was common. D) Slaves from the Balkans who were taken as boys were considered a human tax.

E) Slave markets were scattered throughout the empire.

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13. The sultan?s control over the Ottoman Empire was made stronger because the janissaries and most of the government bureaucrats were
    1. religious fanatics. B) well educated.

C) slaves. D) volunteers.

E) none of the above.

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14. All of the following were reasons for the decline of the Ottoman Empire EXCEPT A) a decline in the quality of leadership.

B) a lack of clear hereditary succession traditions. C) communication problems due to the size of the empire. D) barbarian invasions.

E) rebellions among soldiers.

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15. What title was given to the non-Muslims within the Sultan?s empire? A) kadis

D) jizya          E) sati

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B) dhimmis    C) mufti

16. Ottoman society was divided for tax purposes between A) wealthy subjects who paid little tax and poor subjects who paid the bulk of the taxes.

B) taxpaying subjects and military administrators. C) religious leaders and merchants. D) the valide sultan and the kadis or judges.

E) ethnic groups.

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17. Ottoman cultural achievements included all of the following EXCEPT A) monumental architecture.

B) scholarship. C) elaborate calligraphy. D) literature.

E) none of the above.

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18. The most formidable enemy of the Ottoman Empire was A) Persia.    B) France.          C) India.             D) Austria.         E) Russia.

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19. The strength of Safavid Iran was its A) Shi?ite nationalist movement.

B) new-style army. C) location in North Africa. D) ocean-going navy.

E) superior weaponry.

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20. Which of the following is NOT consistent with Ismail?s rule? A) attempted alliances with European rulers against the Sunni Muslims

B) conquest of Iraq C) diplomatic missions D) forced conversion of Sunni Muslims to Shi?ism

E) Portugal?s regard of him as an equal

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21. Shah Abbas was an outstanding ruler of A) the Mughal Empire.

B) Persia. C) Turkistan. D) the Ottoman Empire.

E) Iraq.

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22. The key to Abbas?s military victories was A) the use of elephants.

B) a professional class of officers. C) his massive cavalry. D) the use of firearms and artillery.

E) his personal command of the troops.

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23. Persia signed a commercial agreement with A) France.B) Spain.               C) Britain.       D) Portugal.      E) Venice.

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24. The item of Persian trade most coveted by Europeans was A) jade.

B) silk. C) ceramics. D) woven cloth.

E) spices.

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25. All of the following are examples of Persian fine arts EXCEPT A) ceramics.

B) carpets. C) intricate geometric patterns. D) wool cloth.

E) luxurious gardens.

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26. Which of the following was NOT one of the great Muslim empires of the 16th and 17th centuries?
    1. Mughal B) Safavid

C) Ottoman D) Mongol

E) none of the above

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27. What made the Mughal Empire distinct from the Ottomans and Safavids? A) They each had separate origins.

B) The Mughals ruled a Hindu population. C) The Ottomans ruled without absolute power. D) The Safavids ruled a Shinto population.

E) The Mughals and Ottomans were allies against the Safavids.

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28. Which one of the following laid the foundation for the Mughal Empire? A) Chinggis Khan

B) Timur C) Suleiman D) Babur

E) Mahmud of Ghazni

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29. Which of the following is NOT consistent with Babur?s reign? A) He compiled his memoirs.

B) He built gardens. C) He admired Indian culture. D) He wrote poetry.

E) He admired Indian mathematics.

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30. Akbar?s religious policy was typified by A) his efforts to spread Islam.

B) his persecution of all religions. C) tolerance. D) his suppression of Hinduism.

E) his acceptance of Christianity.

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31. Which of the following BEST illustrates the reign of Akbar? A) He had no concern for morality and social justice.

B) He was a patron of the arts. C) He maintained the non-Muslim head tax, or jizya. D) He required that his heir be Muslim.

E) all of the above.

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32. Akbar violated Hindu traditions when he outlawed A) foot binding.

B) the caste system. C) the killing of cattle. D) the self-burning of widows, or sati.

E) inviting other religious leaders to discussions.

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33. Mughal India was ruled from the city of A) Delhi.                    B) Agra.         C) Kabul.         D) Bombay.      E) Madras.

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34. Which of the following is NOT consistent with the Mughal Empire in the 17th century? A) The cotton textile industry flourished.

B) It was the wealthiest state in the world. C) It exported to Asia and Africa. D) Most of the population was Muslim.

E) Cities were many and large.

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35. The early Mughal period saw a Hindu-Muslim cultural synthesis, which resulted in A) a library of over 20,000 illustrated manuscripts.

B) a representative government. C) a lack of industry. D) a single language.

E) a lack of artistic development.

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36. The Taj Mahal is a(n) A) royal garden.

B) mosque. C) statue of the favorite wife of the Shah. D) elaborate tomb.

E) city.

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37. All of the following are reasons for the decline of the Mughal Empire in India EXCEPT A) oppression of the peasants.

B) continuous civil war. C) deficiencies in the qualities of the later Mughal rulers. D) dependence on traditional methods of conquest and exploitation.

E) religious violence.

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38. Aurangzeb A) weakened the Mughal Dynasty.

B) destroyed many Hindu temples. C) was a tyrant. D) enforced Sharia law.

E) all of the above.

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