a.

He made a series of speeches supporting the emancipation of slaves.

b.

Federalists strongly protested the visit because of Lafayette’s connections with the French Revolution.

c.

Southern states banned “persons of color” from ceremonies honoring him.

d.

He negotiated a trade agreement that demonstrated the rising economic influence of the United States.

e.

He came to attend the funeral of his good friend, Thomas Jefferson.

a.

manufacturing.

d.

labor contracts.

b.

agriculture.

e.

transportation and communication.

c.

banking and financing.

a.

Lincoln working as a lawyer for the Illinois Central Railroad.

b.

Lincoln as a state legislator promoting river transportation.

c.

Lincoln getting paid in cash and then purchasing clothing from a store.

d.

Lincoln settling family debt by doing labor for the neighbor.

e.

Lincoln’s father taking livestock to a faraway marketplace.

a.

The transcontinental railroad.

b.

Canals and steamboats.

c.

The factory system.

d.

A system of federally financed roads.

e.

The establishment of an efficient postal system.

a.

He was responsible for the construction of the Erie Canal.

b.

His work in designing steamboats made upstream commerce possible.

c.

His innovations led to the revolution in turnpike construction in the early nineteenth century.

d.

As mayor of New York City, he worked to make that city a commercial center.

e.

He sponsored congressional legislation that authorized building of the National Road.

a.

was far longer than any other canal in the United States at that time.

b.

attracted an influx of farmers migrating from Virginia and the Carolinas to the Northwest.

c.

was strongly opposed by residents of Buffalo and Rochester, who feared their cities would lose business.

d.

was championed by Pennsylvania governor William Findlay.

e.

proved economically unviable and was abandoned within a decade of its opening.

a.

canals cost less to construct than roads.

b.

canal construction was easier to do than road construction.

c.

canal boats could haul much larger loads than wagons on roads.

d.

the federal government preferred to fund canal projects over road transportation.

e.

canals made Philadelphia the center of commerce for midwestern trade.

a.

Baltimore.

d.

New York.

b.

Philadelphia.

e.

Chicago.

c.

Boston.

a.

Pennsylvania Railroad.

d.

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

b.

Union Pacific Railroad.

e.

South Carolina Railroad.

c.

Reading Railroad.

a.

was exclusively in the North.

b.

stimulated the coal mining industry.

c.

was smaller in terms of total miles of track than the European rail system.

d.

mainly connected one waterway to another waterway.

e.

encouraged entrepreneurs to begin building extensive canal systems for the first time.

a.

west of the Mississippi River.

b.

in the Old Northwest.

c.

south of the Mason-Dixon Line.

d.

in the Louisiana Purchase territory.

e.

west of the Appalachian Mountains.

a.

set up farms on unoccupied land.

b.

were corporate charters issued by states as contracts.

c.

strung telegraph lines between poles.

d.

set the dynamite as part of railroad construction crews.

e.

is a derogatory name for the girls who worked in the mill factories.

a.

Andrew Jackson led an army to invade Florida, subsequently killing British agents.

b.

Spain no longer mined for gold in Florida.

c.

Abolitionists hoped to create a refuge for fugitive slaves.

d.

Businessmen hoped soft sandy beaches would bring in tourist money.

e.

The United States seized Tallahassee.

a.

Land was cheaper.

b.

Gold existed just beyond the Appalachian Mountains.

c.

Slaves could escape to safe havens.

d.

Cotton could be grown in Ohio and Indiana.

e.

People were escaping religious persecution.

a.

The Appalachian Mountains.

d.

Lake Michigan.

b.

Lake Erie.

e.

The Ohio River.

c.

The Mississippi River.

a.

New England settlers who moved to Ohio.

b.

Slaveholders from Kentucky.

c.

Migrants from St. Louis.

d.

Merchants from northern Ohio.

e.

Immigrants from Mexico.

a.

textiles.

d.

pottery.

b.

guns.

e.

shoemaking.

c.

ironworks.

a.

Whitney figured out how to remove the cotton-destroying boll weevil and thereby save the cotton crop.

b.

Removing seeds from the cotton was a slow and painstaking task, but Whitney made it much easier and less labor-intensive.

c.

Processing cotton required too many different pieces of equipment, but Whitney figured out how to change the equipment more easily and quickly, saving time and money.

d.

Planting the cotton took too many hours to make its growth very profitable, but Whitney enabled planters to use a machine to speed the planting.

e.

The production of southern whiskey required the use of cotton in purifying the liquor, but the cotton absorbed too much liquid; Whitney’s machine changed that.

a.

Slaves did not really need it.

b.

Most slaves did not know how to work it.

c.

Cotton demand actually decreased.

d.

The device did not need gin to work properly.

e.

The inventor of the machine was from the North.

a.

The internal slave trade within the United States grew dramatically.

b.

The Atlantic slave trade continued to bring slaves in large numbers to the United States up until 1860.

c.

The Erie Canal became the primary waterway for shipping cotton.

d.

Cotton production decreased dramatically for twenty-five years.

e.

The federal government recommended using Indians as slaves.

a.

Tobacco.

d.

Cotton.

b.

Coal.

e.

Wheat.

c.

Timber.

a.

The lack of canals slowed down the use of slaves.

b.

The plantation slave-based economy was replicated in Alabama and Mississippi.

c.

Trade with the eastern United States was no longer seen as a priority.

d.

The South developed a highly effective and large railroad system to transport goods from west to east.

e.

Slavery did not expand west of the Appalachian Mountains.

a.

Cyrus McCormick’s reaper slowed down the process of harvesting wheat.

b.

Farmers in the Old Northwest used slave labor to expand their production.

c.

Farmers in the West found markets in the East for their crops and livestock.

d.

Farms in the eastern United States continued to grow more corn than in the West.

e.

John Deere’s steel plow was mass-produced after the Civil War in 1865.

a.

New York.

d.

Chicago.

b.

Boston.

e.

Cincinnati.

c.

St. Louis.

a.

The city became a major marketplace for cotton.

b.

Railroads connected Chicago to numerous eastern marketplaces.

c.

It was home to the most escaped slaves in the United States.

d.

The city started to build the first skyscapers.

e.

The Erie Canal connected directly to Chicago.

a.

50.

d.

200.

b.

100.

e.

250.

c.

150.

a.

developed stone-crushing technology useful for road building.

b.

established America’s first factory.

c.

invented the cotton gin.

d.

established the Erie Canal.

e.

was a steamboat innovator.

a.

Farming in the Northeast needed slave labor.

b.

Wheat farming in the Northeast made New York City the flour capital.

c.

Old Northwest farms depended on the cotton gin.

d.

Farming was done on a much bigger scale in the Old Northwest.

e.

Farming in the Old Northwest required slaves.

a.

Their lives changed little, because the economy allowed for plenty of room for specialized craftsmen.

b.

New competition created opportunities for the specialized skills of artisans, so their numbers expanded.

c.

Working in factories, they faced constant supervision as they used power-driven machinery.

d.

They began working in factories, which they preferred to enduring years of apprenticeship under the old system.

e.

Most artisans became factory owners and prospered as never before.

a.

Henry Clay, whose sponsorship of a protective tariff made the factory economically viable.

b.

The cutting off of British imports because of the Embargo of 1807 and the War of 1812.

c.

Cyrus McCormick, who built the factory to produce his reaper.

d.

The American victory in the War of 1812, which made the United States economically dominant in the Atlantic world.

e.

Samuel F. B. Morse, who became better known for inventing the telegraph.

a.

Such places generally had cheaper labor (usually consisting of African-Americans) than existed in the earlier, highly unionized factory towns such as Lowell and Pawtucket.

b.

Under Henry Clay’s American System, federal and state governments subsidized factories in those locations.

c.

Steam power meant factories no longer had to be near waterfalls and rapids to generate the power.

d.

Factory owners were attracted by the highly skilled labor pool of German immigrants who settled in those areas.

e.

The U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Gibbons v. Ogden removed obstacles to the placement of factories in densely populated areas.

a.

owed a great deal to Eli Terry’s development of interchangeable parts in clockmaking.

b.

originated among entrepreneurs in the Old Northwest before spreading to New England.

c.

referred to the production of specialty handmade goods by highly skilled artisans.

d.

was centered entirely on agricultural machinery.

e.

was nearly derailed by Chief Justice John Marshall’s hostility to economic development.

a.

It led Congress to create time zones in 1823.

b.

Clocks increasingly regulated the separation of work and leisure time.

c.

Artisans began spending their lunch hours in political discussions rather than just taking breaks as they worked throughout the day.

d.

It lengthened life expectancy because Americans no longer had to work from sunrise to sunset as they had on farms.

e.

It enhanced the individual American’s sense of independence to be able to walk away from work at a certain time.

a.

never had time to make friends.

b.

commuted daily to work from their family farms.

c.

quickly organized a union to strike for higher wages.

d.

held management positions.

e.

lived in closely supervised boardinghouses.

a.

England and Germany.

d.

Mexico and England.

b.

Germany and Ireland.

e.

Germany and China.

c.

China and Ireland.

a.

Most immigrants in both time periods were from Mexico.

b.

In both centuries, immigrants’ primary motive was to escape religious persecution.

c.

Most immigrants in both centuries sought better economic opportunities.

d.

In both time periods, the primary group to arrive in America was children.

e.

The immigrants in both periods focused on gold mining.

a.

a Baltimore neighborhood with a large German immigrant population.

b.

the identifying patch German immigrants were forced to wear in some American cities.

c.

Cincinnati, St. Louis, and Milwaukee—cities with large German populations.

d.

the special kind of ballot Democrats gave German-speaking voters.

e.

the superior plow that German immigrant Thomas Mannheim introduced to the United States.

a.

Epidemics in American cities.

b.

An increase in Protestant revivalism.

c.

Terrorism.

d.

A decline in the sales of alcohol.

e.

Urban crime and political corruption.

a.

The fact that President Jackson was Catholic.

b.

Minister Lyman Beecher’s sermon preaching religious toleration was published and widely circulated.

c.

Congressional passage of an Act of Religious Toleration that gave Catholics political rights.

d.

The dramatic increase in the number of Italian Catholic immigrants.

e.

Archbishop John Hughes’s wave of revivals that converted thousands to Catholicism.

a.

Most Americans favored corporate charters with special privileges.

b.

The corporation was only a small part of the new market economy.

c.

Charters from the government strictly controlled corporations.

d.

Corporations were able to raise far more capital than the traditional forms of enterprise.

e.

A corporation could fail, leading to jail time for its directors and stockholders.

a.

the Louisiana Purchase was unconstitutional.

b.

Congress had the authority to create the Bank of the United States.

c.

New York could not grant a monopoly on steamboat navigation between New York and New Jersey.

d.

corporations were illegal because their potential to become monopolistic posed a threat to individual free enterprise.

e.

railroad workers had no right to strike since it interfered with national commerce.

a.

declared that the community had a legitimate interest in promoting transportation and prosperity.

b.

held that adding a second bridge over the river violated the charter rights of the company that built the first bridge.

c.

granted Robert Fulton’s steamboat company a monopoly in the ferry business on the river.

d.

issued an opinion in which the U.S. Supreme Court, for the first time, overturned a state law.

e.

officially declared that capitalism was the economic system of the United States.

a.

the legal system worked with local governments to find better ways to regulate entrepreneurs.

b.

Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that legislatures could not alter or rescind charters and contracts that previous legislatures had created.

c.

local judges protected businessmen from paying property damages associated with factory construction and from workers seeking to unionize.

d.

Massachusetts Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw held in Commonwealth v. Hunt that workers had no right to organize.

e.

corporations proved less able to raise capital than chartered companies did.

a.

the Treaty of Paris of 1783.

d.

the Bible.

b.

a divine mission.

e.

federal treaties with Indian nations.

c.

the Adams-Onís Treaty.

a.

Orestes Brownson and Karl Marx.

b.

Cyrus McCormick and John Deere.

c.

Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.

d.

Lydia Maria Child and Harriet Noble.

e.

Charles Grandison Finney and Joseph Smith.

a.

emphasized individual judgment, not tradition.

b.

is also known as the Second Great Awakening.

c.

stressed teamwork in order to industrialize.

d.

was largely based in the South.

e.

celebrated the economic developments of the market revolution.

a.

came under attack from Henry David Thoreau.

b.

was defined in a way that distinguished it completely from the idea of privacy.

c.

hampered efforts to spread democracy because it reduced interest in suffrage.

d.

was rooted in the idea of self-sufficiency.

e.

was a subject on which all transcendentalists agreed.

a.

economic independence was essential for freedom.

b.

genuine freedom lay within the individual.

c.

the market revolution brought freedom to many.

d.

true freedom was not obtainable.

e.

government was the ultimate expression of freedom.

a.

A pro-war demonstrator.

b.

A hermit growing an organic garden.

c.

An Amish community raising a barn.

d.

A hippie-like commune that makes its own clothes.

e.

A corporate biologist conducting research in nature.

a.

It was more dangerous in the Old West because of numerous Indian threats.

b.

Detroit was a small but clean city.

c.

She was incapable of doing the work of men.

d.

She believed the French in Detroit were noble.

e.

Rugged living in the West made her children better prepared to face life.

a.

She marveled at the technology in the factory.

b.

She did not appreciate what had happened to the artisans.

c.

She believed it was best to keep quiet about her work.

d.

She saw the wealthy as hypocrites.

e.

She did not believe enough jobs had been created.

a.

The Second Great Awakening popularized Deism.

b.

Charles Grandison Finney was pressured to leave the eastern United States.

c.

The Second Great Awakening complemented the idea of self-reliance.

d.

The Second Great Awakening led to the Baptists losing a majority of their parishioners, who switched to Catholicism.

e.

The market revolution did not aid revivalist ministers.

a.

Methodist.

d.

Presbyterian.

b.

Roman Catholic.

e.

Episcopal.

c.

Quaker.

a.

People needed to improve themselves economically.

b.

People had to make choices in their lives similar to making political decisions.

c.

Themes from classical Greek literature.

d.

People needed to make strategic moves in their lives, like a military commander.

e.

They needed to convert Native Americans.

a.

Joseph Smith was divine.

b.

the second coming of Christ would occur in Europe.

c.

Native Americans were descended from people from the Middle East.

d.

Joseph Smith’s visions were untrue.

e.

the market revolution needed more infrastructure to be successful.

a.

Richard Allen.

d.

Orestes Brownson.

b.

Charles Grandison Finney.

e.

Joseph Smith.

c.

John Jacob Astor.

a.

The Mormon leadership wanted to allow women in leadership positions.

b.

The Mormons conducted marriages in different ways.

c.

The Mormons believed that Jesus Christ never existed.

d.

The Mormons believed the Native Americans came from East Asia and brought Buddhism.

e.

The Mormons used alcohol in religious services.

a.

turned out to be a fraud, for it was discovered he counterfeited much of his fortune.

b.

used his great wealth to finance the North during the Civil War.

c.

made huge profits from distributing the machines built by Thomas Rodgers.

d.

began his economic ascent through the purchase of Philadelphia real estate.

e.

became wealthy by trading goods between the United States and China.

a.

Refused admission to Princeton Seminary because of his color, he decided to set up his own religious organization.

b.

He was forcibly removed from praying at the altar rail at his former place of worship.

c.

He wanted to see an integrated church that combined the elements he admired most in the Methodist and Episcopal denominations.

d.

Frederick Douglass gave him a generous grant to establish a new church.

e.

Charles Grandison Finney persuaded Allen to build a black church, since Finney believed worship should be segregated.

a.

could not, under federal law, obtain public land.

b.

found, as whites did, that the West offered the best opportunities for economic advancement.

c.

rose in economic status, but more slowly than whites.

d.

joined with white artisans in biracial unions that successfully struck for higher wages.

e.

formed predominantly upper-middle-class communities in the North.

a.

limited economic opportunities for African-Americans.

b.

more opportunities for land for Native Americans.

c.

a reestablishment of slavery.

d.

African-Americans being the majority of factory workers.

e.

a civil rights movement that focused on segregation instead of abolition.

a.

A “spinster.”

d.

A prostitute.

b.

A single woman factory worker.

e.

A housewife.

c.

An independent woman writer.

a.

received very little support, which is why people referred to it as a cult, or a small fringe group.

b.

represented a significant break with the idea of republican motherhood.

c.

was based on the idea that women should be less dependent upon men.

d.

led to a decline in birthrates.

e.

meant that women would concede their household duties to domestic servants.

a.

Freedom.

d.

Family.

b.

Liberty.

e.

Temperance.

c.

Virtue.

a.

A Housewife No More.

d.

Save a Penny for the Family.

b.

The Feminine Mystique.

e.

The Frugal Housewife.

c.

National Mother, Virtuous Wife.

a.

pursue a college education.

b.

take a job outside the home to supplement the family’s disposable income.

c.

have as large a family as possible.

d.

focus her energies on the home and children.

e.

produce the daily foodstuffs and necessities that her household required.

a.

indentured servants.

d.

religious dissenters.

b.

slaves.

e.

Indians.

c.

Irish immigrants.

a.

Technology is used to replace workers in a factory.

b.

The president orders strikers to return to work.

c.

The federal minimum wage is raised.

d.

A company downsizes to bring in more profit.

e.

A corporation prevents its workers from fraternizing.

a.

Masculinity.

d.

Freedom.

b.

Individualism.

e.

Weakness.

c.

Artisanship.

a.

Karl Marx.

d.

Henry David Thoreau.

b.

Ralph Waldo Emerson.

e.

Joseph Smith.

c.

Orestes Brownson.

a.

wealth and labor were at war.

b.

each worker’s problems had to be understood individually.

c.

government was the cause of workers’ problems.

d.

workers were lazy and easily tempted by alcohol.

e.

workers had achieved true freedom thanks to free enterprise.

a.

Supreme Court chief justice

b.

transcendentalist

c.

coined the term “manifest destiny”

d.

established America’s first factory

e.

steamboat innovator

f.

African Methodist Episcopal Church

g.

steel plow

h.

self-made millionaire

i.

preacher in New York

j.

reaper

k.

The American Frugal Housewife

l.

called for a radical change in the wage labor system

a.

a celebration of the home

b.

revolutionized American slavery

c.

mass production of interchangeable parts

d.

a personal moral quality associated with women

e.

a belief that American expansion was divinely appointed

f.

religious revival

g.

a decree that labor organization was legal

h.

a literary and philosophical movement

i.

groups chained together while migrating to the Deep South

j.

a chartered entity that has rights and liabilities distinct from those of its members

k.

prejudice against immigrants

l.

waterway linking New York City to the Great Lakes