California State University, Long Beach

ENGLISH 101

Chapter 9 The Formation of Christian Europe

1. Pope Gregory I (590604) contributed which of the following to the Christian church? A) He established the pattern of church government.
   1. He assumed the political task of protecting Rome. C) He asserted his political authority over secular rulers. D) He supervised the spiritual concerns of believers.

E) all of the above.

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2. What is meant by the temporal power of the Catholic Church? A) its control over facets of society other than religion

B) intense missionary activity C) its influence over the social fabric during the Middle Ages D) its charities

E) preserving the works of the ancient world Answer: A

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3. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of missionary activity during the early Middle Ages?
   1. stored priceless manuscripts in monasteries B) eliminated paganism in Europe

C) attempted to eliminate the effects of worldly corruption D) aided in the merger of Germanic and Roman cultures

E) attacked the pagans and spread warfare throughout Europe

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4. The medieval Christian Church?s missionary activity was successful in all the following conversions EXCEPT
   1. Ireland.    B) Germans    C) China.    D) France.    E) England.

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5. During the Middle Ages, most education and learning took place A) outside of Europe.

B) in Rome. C) in monasteries. D) within wealthy families.

E) within royal courts.

 

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6. What is the Book of Kells? A) Boethius?s philosophy, written while in prison

B) a book of religious poetry C) a census of the Catholic Church D) an illuminated manuscript produced by monks

E) none of the above

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7. The Germanic warrior-chieftain who first unified the Franks into a single kingdom from northern Gaul to the Pyrenees Mountains in the south was
   1. Charlemagne. B) Charles Martel.

C) Charles the Bald. D) Louis the Pious.

E) Clovis.

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8. The conversion of the Franks to Christianity was most significant because it A) made conversion of Europe to Islam impossible.

B) allied the Franks and the papacy. C) created a united Europe. D) brought peace to Europe.

E) all of the above.

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9. By the early 8th century, the Merovingian kings had grown weak, and power was concentrated in the hands of officials called
   1. exarchate. B) knights.

C) mayors of the palace. D) dukes.

E) counts.

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10. Charles Martel of the Franks A) stopped the Muslim drive into Europe at Tours in 732 C.E.

B) possessed great military skill. C) established a force of professional mounted soldiers. D) rewarded his victorious soldiers with land.

E) all of the above.

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11. Following a victory over the Lombards in 756, Pepin conferred to the Pope the ?Donation of Pepin,? which
    1. recognized the spiritual authority of the Popes in the Frankish kingdom. B) gave Popes the authority to select bishops and other high church officials without

requiring the approval of kings. C) consigned the exarchate of Ravenna to the Pope, making him a temporal as well as a

spiritual ruler. D) made the Pope superior to kings.

E) none of the above.

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12. The name of the ruling family that initiated the development of strong central government in medieval France was the
    1. Angevin. B) Bourbon.

C) Valois. D) Carolingian.

E) Capetian.

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13. The person most connected with the Carolingian Renaissance was A) Charles Martel.

B) Charlemagne. C) Louis the Lombard. D) Einhard.

E) Pepin.

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14. Which is NOT consistent with the reign of Charlemagne? A) defeat of the Lombards

B) coronation by the pope signified the alliance between the church and the empire C) efficient organization of the empire D) conquest of England

E) desire to re-establish political unity lost with the collapse of the Roman Empire

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15. Which of the following became a legacy of Charlemagne? A) a large standing army

B) conversion to Islam C) a central system of taxation D) a commitment to the traditions of the Byzantine Empire

E) a cultural revival that established a distinct European civilization

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16. The Treaty of Verdun of 843 C.E. A) established Muslim control of Spain.

B) created the ?missi dominici,? or king?s envoys, to administer the empire. C) halted the Viking invasions of France. D) added England to Charlemagne?s empire.

E) contributed to shaping political problems into the 20th century by dividing Charlemagne?s empire.

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17. The part of the Carolingian Empire that would later be disputed for centuries by German and French people and would be the scene of many bloody conflicts was
    1. Belgium. B) Lorraine.

C) Normandy. D) Burgundy.

E) southern France.

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18. A major source of instability and anxiety in Europe in the 9th and 10th centuries was A) invasions by Scandinavians, Muslims, and Magyars.

B) the decline of the use of Latin as a means of everyday communication. C) the declining power of the Church in European society. D) the growth of absolute power by the kings and other secular rulers.

E) none of the above. Answer: A

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19. Which of the following peoples were NOT part of the Viking invasion of Europe? A) Turks

B) Danes C) Norsemen D) Norwegians

E) Swedes Answer: A

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20. Viking incursions into France finally made the weak king Charles the Simple cede to the Norse chieftain Rollo a portion of France later called
    1. Alsace. B) Lorraine.

C) Normandy. D) Burgundy.

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21. In England, the Viking threat led to A) the establishment of stronger and more unified states.

B) complete collapse of the will to resist the invaders. C) attempted invasions of those regions by Muslims. D) a loss of religious faith.

E) the founding of a Viking kingdom within England and along the Baltic Sea. Answer: A

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22. The Viking invasions in France A) led to an increase of trade.

B) made the heavily armed knights less important. C) stimulated industry. D) strengthened centralized government.

E) undermined the authority of the French bishops.

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23. The Viking invasions of France strengthened the economic position of A) the urban merchants.

B) the small farmers. C) the landed aristocracy. D) the king.

E) none of the above.

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24. In theory, all the land in a kingdom belonged to the A) people who worked the land.

B) landed aristocracy. C) Pope. D) clergy.

E) king.

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25. Which is NOT true of the origins of feudalism? A) It is a transitional period that follows the collapse of a unified political system.

B) It is characterized by a strong centralized political system. C) Political power is exercised more effectively locally by private persons than by royal

officials. D) It arises because of the need for protection from foreign invaders.

E) all of the above.

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26. Which is not a necessary component of feudalism? A) slavery

B) investiture C) vassals D) suzerains

E) homage Answer: A

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27. In the feudal system, a grant of land that was made from the lord in exchange for vassal obligations was a
    1. wardship. B) stewardship.

C) manor. D) forfeiture.

E) fief.

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28. The feudal ceremony in which a vassal knelt before his lord and swore loyalty was known as the act of
    1. chivalry. B) hospitality.

C) homage. D) wardship.

E) investiture.

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29. The principal obligation that a vassal owed his lord in exchange for the use of land was A) military service.

B) service at court. C) hospitality. D) boon work.

E) none of the above. Answer: A

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30. What attitude toward warfare prevailed among the nobility during the feudal period? A) Only the peasants served as soldiers.

B) It was honorable and normal. C) It was regarded as contrary to religious values. D) War was to be undertaken rarely and only for the most compelling reasons.

E) It was a dishonorable undertaking, and soldiers were regarded with contempt and suspicion.

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31. The code of conduct that was to govern the behavior of all knights is A) chivalry.

B) suzerain. C) knighthood. D) wardship.

E) oath of fealty. Answer: A

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32. Which of the following is NOT consistent with knights? A) pages began at age 7

B) infantry C) required to fight faithfully for his lord D) champion of the church

E) men of noble birth

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33. All of the following are consistent with medieval farming methods EXCEPT A) pigs were the most common animal.

B) low yields. C) the use of the three field system. D) women were not allowed to work in the fields.

E) crude implements.

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34. All of the following are typical of the life of peasants during the Early Middle Ages EXCEPT A) women did not work in the fields.

B) humans and animals occupied the same structure. C) frequent famines. D) backbreaking labor.

E) wrestling, cock fighting, and drinking were popular pastimes. Answer: A

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35. The manor system established A) a military dictatorship.

B) a monarchy. C) economic self-sufficiency. D) the control of the economy by the Church.

E) none of the above.

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36. Trade was reopened between Europe and the Near East when A) new technology resulted in faster ships.

B) new legal codes simplified trade. C) the Normans and Italians broke the Muslim hold on commerce in the eastern

Mediterranean. D) the Strait of Gibraltar was re-conquered.

E) the guilds reduced trade restrictions.

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37. Factors leading to the rise of towns in medieval Europe included all of the following EXCEPT A) a rapid rise in population.

B) foreign invasions. C) an increase in food production. D) a resurgence of trade.

E) stabilization of feudal society.

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38. The most aggressive advocate of church reform during the High Middle Ages was A) St. Bernard of Clairvaux.

B) Pope Urban II. C) Thomas Aquinas. D) Innocent III.

E) Pope Gregory VII.

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39. Which of the following is NOT a true assessment of Pope Innocent III? A) He modernized the Church?s canon.

B) He had been a parish priest. C) He was a lawyer. D) He was a monk.

E) He approved the Franciscan Rule.

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40. Interdict served to control and punish those rulers who dared contradict the Church because it A) suspended all public worship and withheld the sacraments in the realm of a disobedient

ruler. B) convicted unrepentant believers and sentenced them to prison.

C) deprived an individual of the sacraments. D) threatened trial by ordeal.

E) replaced the king. Answer: A

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41. The belief in doctrines officially condemned by the church is A) dialectic.

B) dogma. C) heresy. D) sacrament.

E) excommunication.

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42. The Franciscans and the Dominicans A) ministered to the needs of the people.

B) took vows of silence. C) became wealthy landowners. D) lived in secluded monasteries.

E) worked to free the church of secular control. Answer: A

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43. The earliest universities of Europe were in all the following cities EXCEPT A) Bologna.

B) Madrid. C) Paris. D) Oxford.

E) none of the above.

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44. A reconciliation of the works of Aristotle and church dogma was completed by A) the Benedictine order of monks.

B) St. Augustine. C) Pope Innocent III. D) Hildegard of Bingen.

E) St. Paul.

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45. What was the goal of the Crusades? A) to reopen trade with the Far East

B) to establish church dominion over France?s monarchy C) to rid Europe of Islam D) to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims

E) to loot Constantinople

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46. While attending the Council of Clermont,      called the First Crusade. A) Pope Gregory VII

B) Pope Leo C) Richard the Lion Hearted D) Pope Innocent III

E) Pope Urban II

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47. Which of the following statements describing the Crusades is NOT accurate? A) The First Crusade failed in taking Jerusalem from the Muslims.

B) Salah-al-Din, the sultan of Egypt and Syria, recaptured Jerusalem. C) Led by the Venetians, the Crusaders conquered and sacked Constantinople. D) No kings answered the call for the Fourth Crusade.

E) The children of the 1212 Crusade were sold into slavery by the French merchants of Marseilles. Answer: A

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48. Which of the following orders was NOT founded to protect all pilgrims and to wage perpetual war against the Muslims?
    1. Saracens B) Templars

C) Knights of St. John D) Teutonic Knights

E) none of the above Answer: A

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49. Who was chosen by the electors of France to assume the role of king? A) Hugh Capet

B) Jacques Rousseau C) Boniface VIII D) Jean Monet

E) Henry Tudor Answer: A

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50. What permanent impact did the Crusades have? A) strengthened respect for the papacy

B) lessened trade with the East C) destroyed the money economy D) led to the revival of cities

E) strengthened the Byzantine Empire

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51. Philip II Augustus succeeded in A) seizing territory in France owned by English kings.

B) becoming the king of Spain as well. C) bringing the Church under the control of the government. D) joining France and Austria by marriage.

E) establishing an Empire on the European continent. Answer: A

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52. Philip IV accomplished all of the following EXCEPT A) expelling the Jews from France and confiscating their possessions.

B) securing the support of civil servants by choosing them from the aristocracy. C) enlarging the Estates-General to include commoners. D) humiliating pope Boniface.

E) causing France to become the major power in Europe. Answer: A

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53. In 1066 C.E., England was conquered by A) the Danish king, Canute.

B) Philip IV of Aquitaine. C) the Duke of Saxony, Otto. D) William, duke of Normandy.

E) Henry II.

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54. Henry II?s chief contribution to the English monarchy was A) to increase the jurisdiction of the royal courts at the expense of the feudal courts.

B) the growth of common law to unify the English people. C) use of the jury system. D) all of the above.

E) none of the above.

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55. Thomas à Becket A) established a church separate from Rome.

B) remained the king?s closest advisor and supporter. C) supported the king?s power over the church. D) refused to subvert church courts to the royal courts.

E) became the first prime minister.

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56. Who among the following kings of England was both inept and cruel? A) Richard the Lion Hearted

B) Edward I C) William I D) John I

E) Alfred the Great

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57. Which of the following is a central principle of the Magna Carta? A) trial by jury

B) no taxation without representation C) religious toleration D) no man is above the law

E) all men are created equal

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58. The English Parliament A) represented both landowners and townspeople.

B) has never been able to initiate legislation. C) had no power in England until after the 18th century. D) was dissolved by King Edward I.

E) represented only nobles. Answer: A

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59. The power of the House of Commons lay in its ability to A) tax the nobles.

B) control royal spending. C) remove the king. D) appeal directly to the people of England.

E) all of the above.

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60. The long struggle to drive the Muslims from Spain is known as the A) Crusades.

B) Lombard League. C) Holy Roman Empire. D) Granada.

E) Reconquista.  8 111

61. During the High Middle Ages, who were the most powerful rulers of Europe? A) Saxon dynasty

B) Tudor dynasty C) Magyars D) Plantagenet dynasty

E) Hohenstaufen dynasty Answer: A

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62. All of the following were results of the Investiture Controversy EXCEPT A) weakening of the papacy.

B) the humiliation of Henry IV. C) rebellion among the nobles encouraged. D) strengthening of the nobles.

E) the monarchy?s loss of the German church?s loyalty. Answer: A

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63. How did Frederick II?s policies destroy hopes of German unification? A) He remained loyal to Austrian dominance.

B) The Holy Roman Empire was too strong. C) He sacrificed Germany in an attempt to unite Italy. D) He forbade the unification as a threat to his power.

E) He traded German lands for lands in France.

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64. Pope Nicholas I and Patriarch Photius collided over A) conversion of the pagans.

B) the role of priests. C) sacred language. D) the control of Rome.

E) the sacraments. Answer: A

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65. Cyril and Methodius affected the A) Slavic people.

B) Greeks. C) Germans. D) Bulgararians

E) Huns. 0 112

66. During the Byzantine Golden Age, A) art flourished.

B) a high rate of literacy was common. C) there was a dependable and ample supply of food. D) the theme system empowered free peasant soldiers.

E) all of the above.

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67. The Byzantine Empire could NOT withstand the superior military and administrative power of the
    1. Arabs. B) Bulgarians.

C) Slavs. D) Huns. E) Turks.

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68. Using the language of a particular region is to speak in the A) colloquial.

B) theme system. C) guild system. D) didactic.

E) vernacular.

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69. All of the following are consistent with the Great Schism EXCEPT A) Rome excommunicated the eastern church?s leaders.

B) the East Catholic Church opposed the leadership of the Pope in Rome. C) it began with the iconoclastic issue.

4. the Western and Eastern Christian churches divided over married clergy.
5. it ended in 1962 with the Vatican Conference.

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70. During the First Crusade, A) Alexius successfully saved Constantinople..

B) the Byzantines fought with the Crusaders to defeat the Muslims. C) Constantinople fell. D) the Europeans burned and sacked Constantinople.

E) the Byzantine Empire lost more territory. Answer: A

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71. With the support of           , Constantinople was captured and looted during the Fourth Crusade.
    1. Rome       B) London    C) Athens

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72. Most of the people who occupy the Balkan peninsula are A) Turks.   B) Huns.            C) Magyar.

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D) Venice

4. Slavs.
5. Paris

E) German.

73. Which of the following is NOT a major theme in Russian history? A) a strong merchant class

B) transportation along north-south flowing rivers C) a search for a warm water port D) challenges of geography

E) impact of a small population Answer: A

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74. The Russian people are predominantly A) Slavs.

B) Mongols. C) Scandinavian. D) German.

E) Turks. Answer: A

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75. Kievan Russia?s first ties to the Byzantines were A) ethnic.

B) religious. C) cultural. D) commercial.

E) none of the above.

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76. At the end of the 10th century, Prince Vladimir converted the Russian people to A) Islam.

B) Judaism. C) Roman Christianity. D) Buddhism.

E) Eastern Orthodox Christianity.

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77. The name of the succession principle enunciated by Yaroslav the Wise was A) matriarchal supremacy.

B) the seniority system. C) the lottery. D) election.

E) primogeniture.

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78. For two centuries the Mongols controlled Russia, during which time all of the following affected Russia EXCEPT
    1. Moscow emerged as a new administrative center. B) gaining the political control of the Balkans.

C) isolation from the outside world. D) the Orthodox Church grew in strength.

E) internal markets grew.

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79. The person who fought the Swedes and Teutonic knights, placated the Mongols, and helped establish the line that would rule the rising city of Moscow was
    1. Vladimir Monomakh. B) Ivan Kalita.

C) Alexander Nevsky. D) Iuri Dolgoruki.

E) Yaroslav the Wise.

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80. Bulgaria served as a(n) A) province of Byzantium.

B) transmission line to spread Orthodoxy throughout the Balkans and Russia. C) satellite of Russia. D) buffer state between the Germans and the Russians.

E) ally with Rome against Russia.

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81. The conflict between the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes is based on A) ethnic differences.

B) religious differences. C) linguistic differences. D) social difference.

E) none of the above.

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82. Which of the following is TRUE of Russia during the 14th century? A) Moscow became the political and religious center of Russia.

B) Russia?s relationship with Europe strengthened. C) European powers seized vast areas of Russian territory in the west. D) The Mongols defeated the Russians at Kulikovo.

E) Kiev became the religious center of Russia. Answer: A

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83. Which of the following did NOT apply to Romania through the 14th century? A) It served as a crossroads for migrating peoples coming from East to West.

B) It was an ?island of Latins in a sea of Slavs?. C) It became a productive part of the Roman Empire. D) From