California State University, Long Beach

ENGLISH 101

Chapter 2 Early Chinese Civilization

1)Neolithic farming in China developed within the watersheds of the A) Amur and Volga.

B) Mekong and Indus. C) Yangzi and Mekong. D) Mekong and Ganges.

E) Yangzi and Huanghe.

0

2. Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of China?s geography? A) Three mountain ranges run from North to South.

B) The Huanghe or the Yellow River caused loess deposits to be made due to flooding. C) The major rivers of China begin in Tibet. D) Two main regional cultures emerged by the Neolithic Era.

E) China has eight different ecosystems.

0

3. China?s geography A) united it politically.

B) isolated it from other centers of civilization. C) lacked the great river valleys around which the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt

developed. D) lacked arable land to support agriculture.

E) played no major role in China?s development.

0

4. The people of Neolithic China had all of the following in common EXCEPT A) walled towns.

B) domesticated animals. C) metallurgy. D) oracle bones.

E) pottery making.

1

5. The Five Sovereigns were A) mythical kings who ruled before dynastic succession was established.

B) the gods of the Neolithic Chinese. C) ancient land lords who protected the common people from invasion. D) the first five dynasties in China.

E) none of the above.

2

20

6. China?s first dynasty was the A) Manchu.

2

B) Ming.        C) Chou.        D) Shang.    E) Han.

7. Bronze metallurgy during China?s Shang dynasty A) produced intricate works of art.

B) did not exist. C) declined in importance. D) was used only for agricultural tools.

E) became an important element of religious rituals.

2

8. The Shang writing system of China differed from other ancient writing systems in that A) words were never associated with sounds.

B) it has disappeared, having no influence on the modern Chinese writing system. C) most writing was recorded on clay tablets. D) it was only capable of representing physical and observable objects.

E) each word was represented by a different character.

3

9. Oracle bones were used during the Shang dynasty to A) commemorate the rule of each emperor.

B) communicate with the ancestral spirits. C) finance trade with other peoples. D) record military victories.

E) none of the above.

3

10. All of the following are characteristics of the Shang dynasty EXCEPT A) the power of the nobles rested on

land ownership.

B) religion maintained social order. C) women were required to be passive and submissive. D) the king?s religious and secular powers were separate.

E) peasants had little mobility.

3-44

11. The Mandate of Heaven concept A) forged a bond between the ruler and his subjects.

B) dissolved with the defeat of the Shang by the Zhou. C) introduced the concept of necessary approval for a particular dynasty from the cosmos in

order to rule. D) institutionalized the Chinese belief in one all-powerful god.

E) had begun before the Shang dynasty.

5

21

12. The Zhou dynasty established a feudal system of government that A) ignored local leaders.

B) was ruled from one central location absolutely. C) emphasized the rule of the local priests. D) allowed women and peasants legal rights.

E) gave local authority to powerful nobles in exchange for their loyalty.

5-46

13. The key to the longevity of the Zhou dynasty was A) the efficiency of its feudal system of government.

B) the selection of rulers through democratic processes. C) the absence of barbarian attacks. D) its establishment of a classless society.

E) the power of its military.

6

14. Which of the following dynasties was the longest in Chinese history? A) Shang

B) Han C) Zhou D) Ming

E) none of the above

6

15. A key achievement of the Zhou period was the development of A) bronze tool-making.

B) iron production. C) writing. D) rice cultivation.

E) all of the above.

6

16. Ancestor worship A) involved human and animal sacrifice.

B) continued during the Zhou dynasty. C) never involved formal rituals. D) failed to embrace the majority of Chinese.

E) involved only the lowest class.

6

22

17. The Zhou dynasty introduced or perfected A) an improved economic level for merchant and artisan classes.

B) the use of coins. C) canal construction. D) poetry collections.

E) all of the above.

5-46

18. Yin and Yang refer to A) emperors of the Shang dynasty.

B) family household gods. C) burial rituals of the Shang period. D) major rivers systems of China.

E) conflicting forces within the universe.

7

19. All of the following illustrate contributions of the Zhou dynasty EXCEPT A) gunpowder.

B) the art of horseback riding. C) the construction of defensive walls. D) new military uniforms.

E) all of the above.

6-47

20. Confucius?s primary concern was to A) restore China?s economic prosperity.

B) reconcile the physical and spiritual worlds. C) explain the roles of death and afterlife. D) bring spiritual morality to China.

E) improve Chinese society.

8

21. Confucius was a contemporary of all the following EXCEPT A) Buddha.

B) Zoroaster. C) the Classical Greek philosophers. D) Abraham.

E) none of the above.

8

23

22. The principle of li in Chinese life expresses A) a king?s right to suppress all challenges to authority.

B) the demand that loyalty to the ruler supercedes loyalty to family. C) prosperity, manners, and sacred rituals.

4. a code of honor and chivalry for the nobility in both war and peace.
5. the right of the Chinese people to rebel against government oppression.

8

23. Confucius?s view of society was A) democratic.

B) chaotic. C) theocratic. D) liberal.

E) hierarchical.

9

24. Confucius believed that the improvement of society was the responsibility of the A) peasants.

B) priests. C) nobility. D) individual citizen.

E) ruler.

9

25. According to Mencius A) the welfare of the people was secondary to the welfare of the ruler.

B) all people are morally equal. C) people had the right to express their political views. D) all people are by nature evil.

E) people had the right to rebel against rulers who lost the Mandate of Heaven.

0

26. Mencius?s contributions to Confucianism were his attacks on individualism and his advocacy that government
    1. possesses the responsibility for the welfare of its people. B) must be based on violence to force the compliance of its people.

C) should be chosen by its people. D) must establish strict laws.

E) none of the above.

0

24

27. Daoists believed A) political involvement of all people is essential.

B) one must constantly strive to improve society. C) books are of primary importance. D) action is better than inaction.

E) intuition, not reason, is the true source of knowledge.

2

28. The ultimate goal of Legalism was A) benevolence toward the ruler?s subjects.

B) the expulsion of foreign invaders. C) an elaborate system of laws with fixed penalties. D) the establishment of a moral society.

E) economic progress.

2

29. The essence of Daoism is A) escape from this world through union with the Absolute Reality.

B) a life in conformity with nature. C) the pursuit of all things pleasurable to the senses. D) an attempt to better society through involvement in government.

E) all of the above.

2

30. Which of the following is NOT consistent with the philosophers of the Warring States? A) response to the brutality of war

B) left no permanent record C) diverse cultural and regional environments D) became the ?Classics? or the heart of Chinese philosophy

E) ability to transcend their time and place

2

31. A key feature of the legalist Qin dynasty was A) Daoism.

B) constant warfare and anarchy. C) a continuation of feudalism. D) the development and use of overwhelming power.

E) its reliance on moral virtue.

3

25

32. The chief economic reform of the Qin dynasty was to A) open new territories to China?s crowded population.

B) rescue the impoverished feudal nobility. C) take land from the nobility and give ownership to the peasants. D) shift agriculture to rice cultivation.

E) implement a tax on the nobility.

3

33. All of the following were achievements of the Qin dynasty EXCEPT it A) emphasized Confucianism.

B) freed the serfs. C) constructed public works projects. D) implemented a universal draft.

E) expanded the realm of China into South China to Vietnam.

3

34. The Qin dynasty?s economic growth was due to all of the following EXCEPT A) emphasizing intellectual conformity.

B) the construction of highways and canals. C) the completion of the Great Wall of China. D) a unified currency.

E) the standardization of the written language.

3-54

35. Education during the Qin dynasty A) allowed open discourse.

B) remained within families. C) was nonexistent. D) rested on the teaching of approved texts and interpretations.

E) emphasized the Confucian Classics.

5

36. The death of the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty in 210 B.C.E. resulted in A) civil war.

B) the establishment of a military regime for the next 30 years. C) succession by his eldest son, who maintained a strong empire. D) foreign conquest.

E) none of the above.

5

26

37. The Han dynasty during the reign of Wudi accomplished all of the following EXCEPT A) conquest of Northern Korea.

B) annexation of Northeastern India. C) establishment of commercial exchange between China and the West. D) conquest of northern Vietnam.

E) the control of trade routes across Central Asia.

6-57

38. The field of study required for government service in China?s Han Dynasty was based on A) history.

B) science. C) military science. D) Buddhism.

E) Confucianism.

8

39. The Han Dynasty was the contemporary of the A) Old Kingdom of Egypt.

B) Persian Empire. C) Greek Empire. D) Islamic Empire.

E) Roman Civilization.

7

40. All of the following contributed to the decline of the Han dynasty EXCEPT A) religious uprisings.

B) population decline due to a plague. C) flooding of the Huanghe. D) an inflexible bureaucracy.

E) the concentration of power within certain families.

7

41. The Chinese emperor who consolidated power in the East just as the Romans established Pax Romana in the West was
    1. Wang Mang during the Han dynasty. B) Lady Hao.

C) Wudi during the Han dynasty. D) the Taipingdao.

E) Xiongnu of the Huns.

7

27

42. Wang Mang?s efforts to reform and thereby save the Han Dynasty included all of the following EXCEPT
    1. forcing the peasants into slavery. B) purchasing government commodities to stabilize prices.

C) distributing land to peasant families. D) setting maximum prices for basic commodities.

E) issuing new coinage.

7

43. Results of the decline of the Han Dynasty included A) growth of landowners? power.

B) peasant uprisings. C) centuries of disunity. D) agricultural failures.

E) all of the above.

7

44. An important scholarly tradition begun by the Han Dynasty was A) outlawing philosophical teachings opposed to each dynasty?s official philosophy.

B) to encourage an official philosophy. C) for each dynasty to write the official history of its immediate predecessor. D) an emphasis on science.

E) to increase national literacy.

8

45. Art during the Han dynasty A) was religious.

B) was discouraged. C) emphasized surreal subjects. D) was a tool to encourage conformity to the state.

E) was realistic and secular.

8

46. All of the following are examples of Han technological achievements EXCEPT A) the non-choking horse collar.

B) the seismograph. C) the printing press. D) the wheelbarrow.

E) paper made from cloth rags.

9

28

47. Ban Zhao, who served as the only female to be chosen as court historian, A) wrote of womanly virtue.

B) defined education for women. C) defined women?s work. D) stressed women?s role in the family.

E) all of the above.