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Homework answers / question archive / Question 1         Galveston, Texas was flooded as a result of the great 1900 hurricane

Question 1         Galveston, Texas was flooded as a result of the great 1900 hurricane

Geography

  • Question 1

 

   
 

Galveston, Texas was flooded as a result of the great 1900 hurricane.  What did the residents of the city do to protect the city from future hurricanes ?

      

 

 

Answers:

Planted grass on the coastal dunes to stabilize them
 

Constructed hundreds of groins to encourage beach development
 

 

The constructed a massive concrete barrier along the coast.
 

Moved the city to a safer location away from the coast
     
  • Question 2

 

   
 

What is a tombolo ?

      

 

 

Answers:

 

It is a sand bar that connects an offshore island to the mainland.
 

It is a rocky area along a coast that connects the neck of a spit to a stream's mouth.
 

It is another term for a baymouth bar.
 

It is a sandbar that parallels the coastline.
     
  • Question 3

 

   
 

A flooded river valley along a coast is called

      

 

 

Answers:

a distributary
 

a delta
 

 

an estuary
 

a tributary
     
  • Question 4

 

   
 

Notice the walls that built out perpendicular to the shoreline. These are called

 

      

 

 

Answers:

 

groins
 

jetties
 

tombolos
 

boardwalks
     
  • Question 5

 

   
 

This image shows a long sandbar that parallels the coast. This feature is a

 

      

 

 

Answers:

long island
 

 

barrier island
 

spit
 

long shore island
     
  • Question 6

 

   
 

This is a very small island just a few feet above sea level.  A highway cuts across its western side.  Within this small island the dendritic stream pattern is a

 

      

 

 

Answers:

estuary
 

 

inverse estuary
 

subdelta
 

delta
     
  • Question 7

 

   
 

The parallel walls that have been built out from the shore to protect the harbor are called

 

      

 

 

Answers:

 

jetties
 

breakwalls
 

a group of groins
 

piers
     
  • Question 8

 

   
 

(North is to the top in the above image.)  Using the image, above,  why is there more sand north of the river mouth than to the south of it?

      

 

 

Answers:

 

The longshore current is moving sand from the north to the south.  The wall that extends out from the land traps the sand and builds a large beach.
 

A deep submarine canyon is siphoning sand away from the beach south of the river making the beach smaller.
 

The longshore current is coming up from the south.  The river is transporting an abundance of sand that is carried by the longshore current and is deposited to the north of the river.
     
  • Question 9

 

   
 

What has threatened to close Santa Barbara Harbor, California ?

      

 

 

Answers:

 

The longshore current is in the process of creating a spit across the harbor.  In time the spit will separate the harbor from the ocean.
 

Environmental groups have filed suits against the harbor due to spills of oil and gas that threaten wildlife habitats in the area.
 

A delta is filling in the harbor
 

Earthquakes have uplifted this portion of the California coast.  With continued uplift the harbor will be to shallow for the boats.
     
  • Question 10

 

   
 

What is Santa Barbara doing to protect their harbor?

      

 

 

Answers:

The city council has stated that the harbor is not the source of the pollutants and plans on fighting the environmentalists in court.
 

They have constructed dams across the rivers that feed into the harbor. The dams will trap the sediments and save the harbor.
 

 

They have commissioned a dredge to constantly remove sand from the entrance of the harbor and pump it further on down the beach.
 

As the land subsides more rock and rubble is used to buildup the shoreline in the area of the harbor.
     
  • Question 11

 

   
 

This large sandbar with a light color is called a

 

      

 

 

Answers:

lugie
 

peninsula
 

 

spit
 

baymouth bar
     
  • Question 12

 

   
 

Based on the angle at which the waves are striking the beach, which way does the longshore current move? (North is to the top.)

 

      

 

 

Answers:

NW
 

E
 

 

SE
 

W
     
  • Question 13

 

   
 

Just below the center of the picture there is a small island. The slender light area is a sandbar that connects the island to the mainland. What type of coastal feature is this sandbar?

 

      

 

 

Answers:

Sea Stack
 

Spit
 

 

Tombolo
 

Barrier Island
     
  • Question 14

 

   
 

This Google Earth Image is of the Po River Delta in Italy. The city of Adria about 2500 years ago was on the coastline. Since then the delta has extended to its present position. What has been the yearly rate of the delta growth (in miles) over the last 2500 years? Measure the distance of the growth from the red dot at Adria to the farthest tip of the delta on the east.  (Use the scale provided on the bottom left of the image.  Also not the point value of the question.)

 

      

 

 

Answers:

1 mile
 

 

.001 miles
 

25 miles
 

0.01 miles
     
  • Question 15

 

   
 

Based on the above answer, how far would the delta have advanced during the lifetime of a typical GLG 103 student? (20 years)

      

 

 

Answers:

 

.02 miles
 

500 miles
 

20 miles
 

2 miles
     
  • Question 16

 

   
 

What type of sediments accumulate in Cholla Bay?

      

 

 

Answers:

Cobbles
 

There is a complete mix of sediment types
 

 

Fine-grained sand
 

Pebbles
     
  • Question 17

 

   
 

An island that is close to the shore will commonly produce an enlarged beach area directly behind it. This extension of the beach, created by the island, is caused by

      

 

 

Answers:

The island produces an area protected from stong waves.  This allows for the growth of plants which trap sediments and drifting material. 
 

 

The island interrupting the flow of sand by the long shore current.
 

The excessive weathering of the island causes an abundance of sediments that washes onto the shore.
 

The island refracts the waves towards the mainland behind it. This concentrates the wave energy to cause more erosion of the land. This creates more sand on the beach.
     

 

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