Saudi Electronic University

IT 244

Ch-13-Endocrine System Quiz

1)Which of the following systems work closely with the endocrine system to coordinate the body's functions?

1. 1. Cardiovascular system
   2. Respiratory system
   3. Reproductive system
   4. Nervous system
   5. Lymphatic system

2. All of the following are endocrine glands EXCEPT
   1. adrenal glands.
   2. sweat glands.
   3. parathyroid glands.
   4. pineal gland.
   5. pituitary gland.

3. Which of the following organs contain hormone producing cells?
   1. stomach
   2. liver
   3. skin
   4. All of the above.
   5. None of the above.

1. 1. common second messenger used in signaling pathways of water-soluble hormones is
      1. tRNA.
      2. ATP.
      3. cAMP.
      4. PTH.
      5. CoA.

5. Hormones that bind to receptors inside of target cells are usually
   1. lipid soluble.
   2. water soluble.
   3. second messengers.
   4. proteins.
   5. prohormones.

6. The hormones regulating blood calcium levels are
   1. insulin and glucagon.
   2. glycogen and PTH.
   3. ACTH and CRH.
   4. PTH and calcitonin.
   5. calcitonin and glucagon.

7. An example of a hormone that under certain circumstances is regulated by positive feedback is.
   1. calcitonin.
   2. histamine.
   3. oxytocin.
   4. melatonin.
   5. insulin.
8. The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus by the
   1. epithalamus.
   2. infundibulum.
   3. parafollicular cells.
   4. intermediate mass.
   5. corpus callosum.
9. Which of the following pituitary hormones stimulates testosterone production by the testis?
   1. TSH
   2. FSH
   3. ACTH
   4. LH
   5. GH
10. Which of the following hormones is released in response to a nerve impulse?
    1. epinephrine
    2. cortisol
    3. testosterone
    4. insulin
    5. glucagon

11. All of the following are hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland EXCEPT
    1. human growth hormone.
    2. follicle-stimulating hormone.
    3. adrenocorticotropic hormone.
    4. prolactin.
    5. oxytocin.

1. 1. hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that causes darkening of the skin is
      1. MSH.
      2. FSH.
      3. GH.
      4. LH.
      5. ACTH.

13. Insulinlike growth factors are released in response to
    1. insulin.
    2. glucagon.
    3. growth hormone.
    4. luteneizing hormone.
    5. all pituitary hormones.

14. All of the following pituitary hormones are released in response to hypothalamic releasing hormones EXCEPT
    1. thyroid stimulating hormone.
    2. human growth hormone.
    3. follicle stimulating hormone.
    4. adrenocorticotropic hormone.
    5. antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

15. Which of the following hormones are synthesized by neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus?
    1. antidiuretic hormone
    2. calcitonin
    3. insulin
    4. growth hormone
    5. adrenocorticotropic hormone

16. Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are secreted from the
    1. posterior pituitary gland.
    2. anterior pituitary gland.
    3. thyroid gland.
    4. hypothalamus.
    5. pancreas.

17. The pituitary hormone that is released in large quantities just prior to childbirth is
    1. estrogen.
    2. oxytocin.
    3. follicle-stimulating hormone.
    4. progesterone.
    5. growth hormone.

18. Which of the following hormones controls the production and release of glucocorticoids?
    1. ADH
    2. ACTH
    3. GH
    4. FSH
    5. LH

19. Calcitonin is a hormone released by the parafollicular cells of the adrenal cortex.
    1. thyroid gland.
    2. parathyroid gland.
    3. pituitary gland.
    4. thymus gland.

20. Which of the following cells produce thyroxine?
    1. alpha cells
    2. oxyphil cells
    3. neurosecretory cells
    4. follicular cells
    5. parafollicular cells

21. The hormone released in response to low blood calcium levels is
    1. oxytocin.
    2. parathyroid hormone.
    3. thyroxine.
    4. growth hormone.
    5. calcitonin.

22. The hormone that inhibits the action of osteoclasts is

b.         oxytocin.                                                                                                                                                        a.

d.         vasopressin.                                                                                                                                                 c.

f.         calcitonin.                                                                                                                                                      e.

h.         parathyroid hormone.                                                                                                                             g.

j.         thyroxine.                                                                                                                                                      i.

23. Mineralcorticoids
    1. are produced in the adrenal cortex.
    2. are steroid hormones.
    3. help regulate the homeostasis of sodium and potassium.
    4. All of the above.
    5. None of the above.

24. Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones produced by the
    1. ovaries.
    2. testis.
    3. adrenal gland.
    4. thyroid gland.
    5. hypothalamus.

25. Which of the following endocrine glands is directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
    1. adrenal medulla
    2. adrenal cortex
    3. anterior pituitary gland
    4. thyroid gland
    5. thymus gland

26. Which of the following hormones are responsible for the fight-or- flight response?
    1. epinephrine
    2. norepinephrine
    3. insulin
    4. A and B
    5. B and C

27. An organ that can be classified as both an endocrine and exocrine gland is the
    1. hypothalamus.
    2. thymus gland.
    3. pancreas.
    4. pituitary gland.
    5. gallbladder.

28. Insulin is secreted by

29. Glucagon

b.         accelerates the conversion of glycogen into glucose.                                                                 a.

d.         slows down glucose formation from lactic acid.                                                                            c.

f.         decreases the conversion of glycogen into glucose.                                                                   e.

h.         speeds up protein synthesis within cells.                                                                                        g.

j.         accelerates the transport of glucose from blood into cells.                                                       i.

30. Melatonin is a hormone released by the
    1. pituitary gland.
    2. pancreas.
    3. pineal gland.
    4. thymus gland.
    5. adrenal gland.

31. Prostaglandins
    1. act as local hormones.
    2. help mediate inflammation.
    3. are derived from fatty acids.
    4. All of the above.
    5. None of the above.

32. The second stage of the stress response is

b.         the stressor.                                                                                                                                                 a.

d.         the resistance reaction.                                                                                                                           c.

f.         the alarm reaction.                                                                                                                                    e.

h.         the flight-or-fight response.                                                                                                                 g.

j.         the stage of exhaustion.                                                                                                                          i.

33. Oversecretion of hGH during childhood causes

b.         giantism.                                                                                                                                                        a.

d.         acromegaly.                                                                                                                                                  c.

f.         pituitary dwarfism.                                                                                                                                    e.

h.         cretinism.                                                                                                                                                      g.

j.         goiter.                                                                                                                                                              i.

34. Insufficient ADH release causes
    1. diabetes insipidus.
    2. diabetes mellitus.
    3. tetany.
    4. cretinism.
    5. aldosteronism.

35. Cushing's syndrome is due to oversecretion of
    1. glucocorticoids.
    2. testosterone.
    3. ADH.
    4. mineralcorticoids.
    5. thyroxine.

37.A decline in the number of pancreatic beta cells is characteristic for

b.         diabetes insipidus.                                                                                                                                     a.

d.         type II diabetes.                                                                                                                                         c.

f.         type I diabetes.                                                                                                                                           e.

h.         maturity onset diabetes.                                                                                                                        g.

j.         noninsulin-dependent diabetes.                                                                                                          i.

38. Cells that respond to a particular hormone are called
    1. receptor cells.
    2. sensor cells.
    3. secretory cells.
    4. target cells.
    5. active cells.

39. Hormone secretion is controlled by which of the following?
    1. nerve impulses.
    2. circulating chemicals.
    3. releasing hormones.
    4. inhibiting hormones.
    5. All of the above.

40. Which of the following hormones can be involved in control of adrenal cortex activities?”
    1. FSH.
    2. LH.
    3. hGH.
    4. MSH.
    5. ACTH.

41. Which of the following pituitary hormones triggers ovulation?

b.         Thyroid-stimulating hormone                                                                                                               a.

d.         Luteinizing hormone                                                                                                                                 c.

f.         Growth hormone                                                                                                                                       e.

h.         Adrenocorticotropic hormone                                                                                                             g.

j.         Follicle-stimulating hormone                                                                                                                  i.

42. Glucagon is produced in the                                                    cells of the                                        .
    1. beta, islets of Langerhans
    2. alpha, pancreatic islets
    3. beta, adrenal cortex
    4. gamma, adrenal medulla
    5. chief, parathyroid gland

43. Insulin is secreted by the pancreas after a meal in order to:
    1. decrease the concentration of blood glucose.
    2. decrease the permeability of cell membranes to glucose.
    3. increase the production of glucose from glycogen.
    4. increase the concentration of blood glucose.
    5. increase the amount of thyroid hormones in the blood.

44. Which of the following is the best explanation for why hypersecretion of GH in adults does not lead to increases in height?
    1. GH does not affect bone growth.
    2. Epiphyseal plates are closed in adults.
    3. Adult bones lack osteoblasts.
    4. The physical size of adult bones prevents further growth.
    5. Adults lack somatomedins necessary for bone lengthening.

45. Under normal circumstances, individuals do not produce too much thyroxine because
    1. they run out of iodine.
    2. it is under negative feedback control.
    3. it gets converted into triiodothyronine.
    4. the thyroid is incapable of producing too much.
    5. All of the above.

46. The hypothalamus, sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medullae work together to stimulate the                                                                                                                 during the initial stages of the stress response.
    1. stressor
    2. fight-or-flight response
    3. exhaustion phase
    4. secretion of insulin
    5. constriction of the adrenal gland

47. Which of the following does NOT occur as we age?

b.         some endocrine glands shrink                                                                                                              a.

d.         production of human growth hormone decreases                                                                      c.

f.         muscles atrophy                                                                                                                                         e.

h.         thyroid increases secretion of hormones                                                                                        g.

j.         body fat increases                                                                                                                                      i.

1. 1. condition in which insulin receptors do not respond properly to insulin is called
      1. type I diabetes.
      2. congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
      3. insulin resistance
      4. diabetes insipidis.
      5. hypothyroidism.

49.Abdominal fat is riskier than other adipose tissue because

b.         people with abdominal fat tend to be sedentary                                                                         a.

d.         fat cells in abdominal regions are more metabolically active and                                           c. responsive to hormones.

f.         fat cells in abdominal regions are less metabolically active and                                              e.

less responsive to hormones.

h.         the fat is turned into HDLs more easily.                                                                                            g.

j.         the fat compresses the small intestine making digestion difficult.                                         i.

1. 1. cluster of disorders including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, high

cholesterol and excess abdominal fat is called

1. 1. 1. type I diabetes.
      2. Addison's disease.
      3. congenital hypothyroidism.
      4. metabolic syndrome.
      5. Cushing's syndrome.

51. The drug RU486 (mifepristone) induces abortion during early pregnancy by blocking receptors for
    1. estrogen.
    2. testosterone.
    3. progesterone.
    4. follicle-stimulating hormone.
    5. luteinizing hormone.

52. All of the following are target tissues for antidiuretic hormone EXCEPT

b.         kidneys.                                                                                                                                                         a.

d.         arterioles.                                                                                                                                                      c.

f.         sweat glands.                                                                                                                                               e.

h.         lungs.                                                                                                                                                              g.

j.         all of the above are target tissues.                                                                                                       i.

53. Low levels of calcium in the blood directly stimulate
    1. the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland to release calcitonin.
    2. decreased activity of osteoclasts.
    3. increased excretion of calcium in the urine.
    4. decreased absorption of phosphate in the small intestine.
    5. chief cells of the parathyroid glands to release PTH

54. Which of the following would result in increased secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?
    1. decreased CRH release from the hypothalamus
    2. increased ACTH release from the anterior pituitary gland
    3. increased blood glucose levels
    4. ingestion of a meal containing a high quantity of carbohydrates
    5. increased plasma potassium concentration

55. Which of the following statements would likely be true during the resistance phase of the stress response?
    1. The amount of stored triglycerides would be increasing.
    2. Glycogen levels in skeletal muscles would be increasing.
    3. Cortisol levels in the blood would be relatively high.
    4. Aldosterone levels in the blood would be relatively low.
    5. Insulin would stimulate increased protein synthesis in skeletal muscles.

56. List the three stages of the stress response in humans and describe the primary endocrine glands and hormones involved in each stage.

57. Name the two basic mechanisms by which hormones exert their effects on target cells.

58. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and vasopressin are two different names given to the same hormone. Based on what you know about this hormone, describe how both names tell you something about the