University of North Carolina
BIOL 101
A Tour of the Cell
1)Put these in size order: bacterium, human liver cell, ribosome, insulin (a protein), human egg, a carbon atom
Biology May 01, 2021
University of North Carolina
BIOL 101
A Tour of the Cell
1)Put these in size order: bacterium, human liver cell, ribosome, insulin (a protein), human egg, a carbon atom. (Check your answer against figure 4.1E)
Why can’t cells get very big?
As cell size increases, what happens to its surface-to-volume ratio?.
What is the structure and function of the plasma membrane?
There are two kinds of cells in nature.
All cells have some features in common (list them, define any you aren’t familiar with):
Compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells:
What is the advantage for the cell in having “compartments” within a eukaryotic cell?
Compare and contrast a plant cell and an animal cell. Examine diagrams of typical organelles of plant and animal cells, what differences do you see?
Genetic Control of the cell: The Nucleus and ribosomes
Name and sketch the structure that matches the functional description of each component below:
The cell’s genetic instructions inside the nucleus:
Abarrierseparatingthe cell’s genetic information from the cell’s cytosol:
How materials enter and exit the nucleus:
Acell withmany ribosomes tells you what about this cell’s function?
What is the difference between proteins that are made on either:
Free ribosomes in the cytosol: or
Ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope:
The Endomembrane System
The rough ER and Golgi form a functional unit that help to produce what for the cell? Describe this process, as this will be a major focus of our study of cells. (Drawing will help you work through biological processes.)
What is the function of lysosomes?
What is one disease associated with malfunction of the lysosomal enzymes?
Energy-Converting Organelles
What is the function of mitochondria?
Do prokaryotes have? Animal cells? Plant cells? What is the function of chloroplasts?
Do prokaryotes have? Animal cells? Plant cells?
Draw pictures of both a mitochondrion and a chloroplast (as these structures of these become very important to our discussion of cellular respiration and photosynthesis)
What are the names of each compartment/spaces? (Be sure they are labeled on your pictures). How many phospholipids bi-layer membranes in each?
MitochondriaChloroplasts
Outer membrane
Intermembrane space Inner membrane Mitochondrial matrix
Cristae
Inner membrane
Thylakoid
Outer membrane
Stroma
Granum
All eukaryotes have mitochondria, but not all eukaryotes have chloroplasts. Can you propose an evolutionary explanation for this observation?
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
Name three fibers that make-up the cytoskeleton?
Why does cell structure and function matter?
(*Please read two very short articles about cystic fibrosis posted on Sakai)
Many diseases are based in defective cellular structures or macromolecular components. Let’s explore one disease where lung cells and a few other cells of the body malfunction: Cystic Fibrosis.
How does someone get cystic fibrosis?
What is the median age of survival now?
Major symptoms associated with the disease are:
The first line of drugs that helped improve the quality of life did what?
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