Georgia State University - BIOLOGY 1104

The Vertebrates

First watch the Crash Course video on the Chordates: https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=kgZRZmEc9j4&index=25&list=PL3EED4C1D684D3ADF

1)What four characteristics do all chordates have?

2. What happens to each of these structures in humans?

3. What are the three major groups (phyla) of chordates?

Vertebrates. The vertebrates are motile and have bilateral symmetry, well- developed muscles and (usually) paired appendages (limbs). In addition, vertebrates have an internal jointed skeleton that includes the spine and the skull. Vertebrates also have a large body cavity with well-developed organ systems including the sense organs. Use the vertebrate family tree image in iCollege to answer the following questions:

4. Put in evolutionary advances of vertebrates in the order they occur: hair, brain, three-chambered heart, backbone, jaw, bony skeleton, amniotic egg

ANS: Brain, backbone, jaw, bony skeleton, three-chambered heart, amniotic egg, hair

5. Which lineages of vertebrates are aquatic and which are terrestrial (live on land)?

Observe the Fish dissection images in this link http://www.bio200.buffalo.edu/labs/tutor/Perch/Perch.html (use the back button to return to homepage)

6. Match the anatomical term with the organ system it belongs to: circulatory, respiratory, muscular, reproductive, digestive, or skeletal.

7. How do gills allow fish to breathe oxygen?

Frog Dissection Online Lab. Use the following link to learn about the Frog Internal Anatomy and Organ Systems. http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs_2K8/pages/VirtualFrogDissec      tion.html

8. Digestive System. Describe the function of each listed part of the Circulatory System.

9. Frog Circulatory System. Describe the function of each listed part of the Circulatory System.

10. What is different about the frog heart compared with the fish heart?

11. Frog Respiratory System. Place the following organs in order that traces the path from the air to the lungs. Use: trachea (??), lungs, glottis, bronchi(???), and nares.

Nares-glottis-trachea-bronchi-Lungs

12. In addition to the nares, how else can amphibians breathe?

Reptiles. Reptiles are a diverse group of vertebrates that include limbless snakes, crocodiles and lizards and birds. Pigeon Dissection Online Lab. Use the following link to learn about bird Internal Anatomy and Organ Systems.

http://campus.murraystate.edu/academic/faculty/tderting/cva_atlases/jaymejoh n/first.html

13. Birds are endothermic not ectothermic like fish, amphibians and other reptiles. What does this mean?

14. Bird anatomy is specialized for flight. What changes in bird anatomy (new organs or organ modifications) do you see that would improve flying ability?

Mammals. Human Organ System Online Lab. Use the following links to learn about the Digestive and Respiratory systems in Humans.

Digestive Systems short video:

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=i5MH6ddyi74

15. Do human mammals have any new digestive organs? Are they missing any digestive organs that fish, amphibians or birds have?

Vertebrate Respiratory and Circulatory systems lesson:http://education- portal.com/academy/lesson/circulatory-system-iii-the-heart.html#lesson