Homework answers / question archive / Kirkwood Community College - CRJ 100 INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE: Exam 4 1)Agencies and programs that implement court-imposed sentences are collectively known as: A) ions B)            Rehabilitation C)            Prisons D)           Justice     2

Kirkwood Community College - CRJ 100 INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE: Exam 4 1)Agencies and programs that implement court-imposed sentences are collectively known as: A) ions B)            Rehabilitation C)            Prisons D)           Justice     2

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Kirkwood Community College - CRJ 100

INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE: Exam 4

1)Agencies and programs that implement court-imposed sentences are collectively known as:

A) ions

B)            Rehabilitation

C)            Prisons

D)           Justice

 

 

2.

Facilities designed to hold convicted felons for a duration of one year or more are known as:

A)           Prisons

B)            Quarantines

C)            Jails

D)           Diversion

 

 

3.

What is the purpose of the Public Safety Realignment policy in California?

A)           Raising awareness about sex offenders living in the community

B)            Reducing traffic-related fatalities

C)            Raising funds for more ional staff

D) Reducing California's prison population

 

 

4.

Which of the following reflect the philosophy of truth in sentencing laws?

A)           All offenders must serve at least 85% of their prison sentence

B)            Violent offenders must serve at least 85% of their prison sentence

C)            All offenders must serve 100% of their prison sentence

D)           Violent offenders must serve 100% of their prison sentence

 

 

5.

Which of the following reflects the mission of ional agencies?

A)           To securely house convicted offenders away from the community

B)            To protect citizens from crime by managing offenders and providing rehabilitative opportunities

C)            To treat offenders with dignity and respect while providing vocational and educational programs

D)           To empower offenders to reach their highest potential

 

 

6.

Contemporary prisons may not apply the same stigmatizing effects on all offenders as in the past because:

A) It is the best way to receive a good education for many offenders

B) Many of the offenders' family and friends have also been to prison

 

C)            Prisons offer better vocational training than on the outside

D)           Offenders are given a fair amount of money once they are released from custody

 

 

7.

Which features would reflect the design of "new generation" jails?

A) A distinct barrier between inmates and staff

B) Padded carpets and movable furniture

C)            High resolution cameras for better inmate monitoring

D)           Cell phones and tablets for inmates to use

 

 

8.

Federal institutions with dormitory housing, a low staff-to-inmate ratio, and limited to no perimeter fencing would be considered which type of prison?

A)           ional complexes

B)            Medium

C) Minimum

D) Low

 

 

9.

Which of the following would reflect the structure of a ional complex?

A)           Limited to no perimeter fencing and an emphasis on work or program participation

B)            Dormitory or cubicle housing with double-fenced perimeters

C)            Double-fenced perimeters and mostly cell-type housing units

D)           Administrative facilities with different missions and security levels

 

 

10.

Prisons in which offenders rarely leave their cells, eat meals alone in their cells, do not participate in educational or vocational programs are known as:

A) Betamax

B) Supermax

C)            High Security

D)           Maximum security

 

 

11.

What was the main purpose of the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995?

A)           To expand the use of prison lawsuits

B)            To discourage frivolous and abusive prison lawsuits

C)            To encourage inmates to file class action lawsuits

D)           To limit inmate access to legal resources in order to file lawsuits

 

 

12.

Female prison inmates' conflict and guilt resulting from the separation from their children is often referred to as:

 

A)           Pains of imprisonment

B)            Unfortunate incarceration

C)            Gender discrimination

D)           Parental conflict

 

 

13.

Instead of forming gangs as male inmates tend to do, female prison inmates tend to do what?

A)           Isolate themselves

B)            Gang rape vulnerable female inmates

C) Form mock families

D) Squabble amongst themselves

 

 

14.

Which of the following is true of geriatric inmates?

A)           Their numbers are decreasing

B)            Many have chronic health problems

C)            They are in remarkably better shape than their counterparts on the outside

D)           They have higher suicide rates than their counterparts on the outside

 

 

15.

What are the three reasons prison gangs are formed?

A) Survival, protection, and dominance

B) Solidarity, protection, and power

C)            Dominance, solidarity, and companionship

D)           Protection, power, and dominance

 

 

16.

Which of the following is true of prison gangs?

A)           They are typically very highly organized

B)            They are structured along racial or ethnic lines

C)            They have more members than street gangs

D)           They are more powerful in federal prisons than state prisons

 

 

17.

The 24-hour period of time prior to an execution is called:

A) Death watch

B)            Dead man walking

C)            The last day

D)           The last goodbye

 

 

18.

 

In which court case did the Virginia Supreme Court argue that inmates were "slaves of the state" and had lost all rights of citizenship?

A)           Johnson v. Avery

B)            Cooper v. Pate

C)            Ruffin v. Commonwealth

D)           Wolf v. McDonnell

 

 

19.

The process by which an inmate acclimates to the values and culture of the prison is called:

A) Period of adjustment

B) Prisonization

C)            Assimilation

D)           Institutionalization

 

 

20.

Under the prison inmates' informal rules, what does it mean to "play it cool"?

A) Don't quarrel with other inmates

B)            Don't complain about frustrations

C)            Don't interfere with other inmates' interests

D)           Don't exploit other inmates

 

 

21.

What has been the impetus for using alternatives to incarceration?

A)           Court rulings that indicate incarcerating certain offenders is unconstitutional

B)            Research findings that indicate incarceration increases an offender's likelihood of recidivism

C)            A paradigmatic shift from retribution to rehabilitative ideals

D)           Prison overcrowding and the high cost of constructing new prisons

 

 

22.

Who is considered the father of probation?

 A) John Augustus

B)            Alexander Maconochie

C)            Walter Crofton

D)           Zebulon Brockway

 

 

23.

What is Alexander Maconochie's contribution to the field of community ions?

A) He developed a philosophy for punishing past offender behaviour while training offenders for the future

B)            He developed a system whereby offenders pending a court date were allowed to remain in the community

C)            He developed a mechanism for early release from penal institutions based on good behavior

 

D)           He established the first parole board system in the United States that is still in use today

 

 

24.

In which US Supreme Court case were due process rights confirmed for individuals going through probation violation proceedings?

A)           Mempa v. Rhay

B)            Morrissey v. Brewer

C)            Miranda v. Arizona

D)           Gagnon v. Scarpelli

 

 

25.

What is meant by saying parole officers supervise individuals at the back end of the sentencing continuum?

A)           They supervise individuals with extensive criminal histories

B)            They supervise individuals after a sentence has been imposed

C)            They supervise individuals with a suspended prison sentence

D)           D) They supervise offenders who have been released from prison

 

 

26.

Helping individuals transition back into society after incarceration, developing a plan for life outside the prison, and arranging for offenders to receive counselling are all responsibilities of:

A)           Parole officers

B)            Probation officers

C)            Both probation and parole officers

D)           ional officers

 

 

27.

A form of punishment between freedom and prison incarceration is also known as:

A) Graduated sanctions

B) Intermediate sanctions

C)            Incremental sanctions

D)           Alternative sanctions

 

 

28.

With which population of offenders is electronic monitoring particularly useful?

A)           Violent offenders

B)            Property offenders

C)            Drunk drivers

D) Sex offenders

 

 

29.

The two types of electronic monitoring devices are:

A)           Active and passive

B)            Medium and high

C)            High and low frequency

D)           Analog and cellular

 

 

30.

What is the reason many states discontinued boot camp programs?

A) The programs were excessively expensive to operate

B) The programs made no noticeable impact on recidivism rates

C)            The programs resulted in many offender injuries and deaths

D)           All of these

 

 

31.

What was the main impetus for establishing separate ional facilities for juvenile offenders?

A)           Adult prisons were overcrowded

B)            The adult system was overwhelmed with cases

C)            Juveniles were committing more serious crimes

D)           Juries did not want to see children incarcerated with adults

 

 

32.

The sentiment that the state is the ultimate parent of a child and has the authority to step in when a biological parent is unwilling or unable to sufficiently care for the child is known as:

A)           Guardianship

B)            Habeas corpus

C)            Parens patriae

D)           Fostering

 

 

33.

Which of the following was one of the provisions of the Illinois Juvenile Court Act?

A)           It adhered to a rigid, formalized structure for court proceedings

B)            It held open court proceedings and records for cases involving juveniles

C) It defined a rehabilitative rather than punitive purpose for the juvenile court

D) It created a special court for children under age 12

 

 

34.

Actions considered criminal when committed by a juvenile are known as:

A) Status offenses

B)            Delinquent offenses

C)            Dysfunctional offenses

 

D)           Petty offenses

 

 

35.

Emily was detained by the police when she failed to attend school for the last several days in favor of smoking in the park. She has engaged in what type of offense?

A) Juvenile crime

 B) Status offense

C)            Delinquent waiver

D)           Bill of attainder

 

 

36.

Which of the following is one of the underlying principles of the juvenile courts?

A) The presumption of the best interest of the minor

B)            The presumption of delinquency

C)            The presumption of consistent contact with the system

D)           The presumption the state needs to take a role in the life of the child

 

 

37.

What is considered the MOST important goal of the juvenile justice system?

A)           Informal outcomes

B)            Restorative justice

C)            Separation from adult offenders

D)           Confidentiality

 

 

38.

Sixteen year-old Charlie was adjudicated delinquent for a threatening offense and was committed to the juvenile department of ions. What happens once he is released?

A)           He will be ordered to a period of aftercare monitoring

B)            He will be released to probation supervision

C)            He will be moved to a halfway house

D)           He will be released from custody with no further court involvement

 

 

39.

What is considered one of the benefits of the Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative (JDAI)?

A) It satisfies the community's need for retribution

 B) It is more cost effective than incarceration

C)            It has a deterrent effect on future offending behavior

D)           It provides parenting classes as a preventative measure

 

 

40.

In which case did the US Supreme Court rule that police cannot avoid reading a youth his or her Miranda warnings simply by questioning the child at school, away from the child's parents?

A)           J.D.B. v. North Carolina (2011)

B)            Breed v. Jones (1975)

C)            Miller v. Alabama (2012)

D)           Kent v. U.S. (1966)

 

 

41.

The unlawful use of force against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government or the populace in furtherance of political or social objectives is known as:

A)           Terrorism

B)            Assault

C)            Activism

D)           Crime

 

 

42.

What elements are necessary in order for a crime to be considered cyberterrorism?

A)           Use of hacking software

B)            Use of bank accounts

C) Use of a computer

D) Use of the Internet

 

 

43.

How does the Internet help offenders perpetrate cybercrimes?

A) It allows offenders to break into bank accounts

B) It allows criminals to maintain anonymity

C)            It allows offenders to use cameras to identify potential victims

D)           All of these

 

 

44.

What is the most challenging cyber threat to US security today?

A) Cyberespionage by Chinese hackers

B)            Cyberespionage by Iranian hackers

C)            Identity theft from outside the US

D)           Catfishing scams from Nigeria

 

 

45.

Which of the following are characteristics of biological weapons?

A)           Not painful, victims die without much suffering

B)            Exceptionally painful, causing the victims much suffering

C)            Slow-acting, with some time before victims are symptomatic

D)           Fast-acting, with immediate symptoms in victims

 

 

 

46.

What is the relevance of the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878 in current events?

A)           It requires all governmental agencies to coordinate communications in times of national emergency

B)            It allows the military to provide personnel and equipment in response to terror events

C)            It allows the president to suspend the powers of the other branches of government during a national emergency

D)           It prohibits the formation of militias whose sole purpose is to overthrow the US government

 

 

47.

Which of the following represents American attitudes toward gun ownership?

A)           Gun ownership is frightening

B)            Gun ownership should be restricted

C)            Gun ownership is a right

D)           Gun ownership is a privilege

 

 

48.

Research into gun ownership and crime indicates…

A)           Wherever there are more firearms, there are more homicides

B)            Wherever there are more firearms, there are fewer homicides

C)            Gun owners are less likely to be victimized

D)           Gun owners are more likely to be victimized

 

 

49.

The organization composed of police, judges, prosecutors, prison wardens and federal agents that advocates the legalization of marijuana is known as:

A) National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML)

B) Law Enforcement Against Prohibition (LEAP)

C)            Working to Educate and Elucidate about Drugs (WEED)

D)           Citizens Advocating Legalizing Marijuana (CALM)

 

 

50.

What does federal law say about the medical use of marijuana?

A)           It has much medical value, and the potential for abuse is low

B)            It has some medical value for some medical conditions, but there is little potential for abuse

C)            It has some medical value for specific medical conditions

D) It has no medical value, and the potential for abuse is high