York University - ADMS 2511

Chapter 4: Managing Knowledge and Data

True/False

1)Data are centralized in organizations.

2. An increasing amount of external data needs to be considered in making organizational decisions.

3. The end result of the Data Life Cycle is the generation of data.

4. It is important for applications and data to be dependent on each other.

5. A negative value for a student’s grade point average is an example of a data integrity problem.

6. An entity is a person, place, thing, or event about which information is maintained.

7. An attribute is any characteristic or quality describing a particular entity.

8. The secondary key is a field that has some identifying information but does not identify a record with complete uniqueness.

9. Entity-relationship diagrams are documents that show the entities, attributes, and relationships of a conceptual data model.

10. You would be an instance of your university’s STUDENT class.

11. Database management systems are software programs (or groups of programs) that provide access to a database.

12. The relational database model is based on the concept of two-dimensional tables.

13. Structured query language is a relational database language that enables users to perform complicated searches with relatively simple statements.

14. The data dictionary stores definitions of data elements, characteristics that use the data elements, physical representation of the data elements, data ownership, and security.

15. When data are normalized, attributes in the table depend on the primary key and any secondary keys.

16. In a data warehouse, data are constantly purged as new data come in.

17. Operational data are usually kept in an organization’s data warehouse.

18. Online analytical processing involves the analysis of accumulated data by end users.

19. Data marts are designed for the end-user needs in a strategic business unit or department.

20. Master data are generated and captured by operational systems.

21. Tacit knowledge is the more objective, rational, and technical types of knowledge.

22. Explicit knowledge, the cumulative store of subjective learning, is personal and hard to formalize.

Multiple Choice

1. Your         is the collection of traceable data that is captured when you use various information technologies such as credit cards or the Internet.
   1. data profile
   2. data shadow
   3. database file
   4. database record
   5. database element

2. Over time, your data shadow .
   1. decreases in size
   2. stays approximately the same size
   3. increases your privacy
   4. does not affect your privacy
   5. increases in size

3. In the chapter opening case, Mediatech’s primary use of its customers’ data shadows involved which of the following systems or procedures?
   1. business intelligence

1. 2. data analysis
   3. direct mail marketing
   4. transaction processing
   5. decision support

4. In the chapter opening case, Mediatech’s principal problem with managing data was which of the following?
   1. There was too much data to manage
   2. Capturing and storing the data was too expensive
   3. Outdated database management systems
   4. Degraded data
   5. Company did not have an effective data warehouse

5. It is very difficult to manage data for which of the following reasons?
   1. The amount of data stays about the same over time.
   2. Data are scattered throughout organizations.
   3. The decreasing amount of external data needs to be considered.
   4. Data security is easy to maintain.
   5. Data are stored in the same format throughout organizations.

6. When customers access a Web site and make purchases, they generate           :
   1. tracking cookies
   2. information
   3. clickstream data
   4. Web data
   5. hyperlink data

7. Which of the following is not a source for external data?
   1. commercial databases
   2. corporate databases
   3. sensors
   4. satellites

1. 5. government reports

8. The end result of the Data Life Cycle is the generation of           .
   1. information
   2. data
   3. knowledge
   4. wisdom
   5. decisions

9. Place the following members of the data hierarchy in the correct order:
   1. bit – byte – field – record – database – file
   2. bit – field – byte – record – file – database
   3. byte – bit – record – field – database
   4. bit – byte – field – record – file – database
   5. bit – record – field – byte – file -- database

10. No alphabetic characters in a Social Security Number field is an example of   :
    1. data isolation
    2. data integrity
    3. data consistency
    4. data redundancy
    5. application/data dependence

11.          occurs when applications cannot access data associated with other applications.
    1. Data isolation
    2. Data integrity
    3. Data consistency
    4. Data redundancy
    5. Application/Data dependence

12.          occurs when the same data are stored in many places.
    1. Data isolation
    2. Data integrity
    3. Data consistency
    4. Data redundancy
    5. Application/Data dependence

13.          occurs when various copies of the data agree.
    1. Data isolation
    2. Data integrity
    3. Data consistency
    4. Data redundancy
    5. Application/Data dependence

14. You have moved to a different apartment, but your electricity bill continues to go to your old address. The Post Office in your town has a problem with its data management, which is:
    1. Data redundancy
    2. Data inconsistency
    3. Data isolation
    4. Data security
    5. Data dependence

15. In the data hierarchy, the smallest element is the         .
    1. record
    2. bit
    3. byte
    4. character
    5. file

16. A(n)          is a logical grouping of characters into a word, a small group of words, or a complete number.
    1. byte
    2. field
    3. record
    4. file
    5. database

17. A(n)          is a logical grouping of related fields.
    1. byte
    2. field
    3. record
    4. file
    5. database

18. A(n)          is a logical grouping of related records.
    1. byte
    2. field
    3. record
    4. file
    5. database

19. A(n)          represents a single character, such as a letter, number, or symbol.
    1. byte
    2. field
    3. record
    4. file
    5. database

20. In a database, the primary key field is used to   .
    1. specify an entity

1. 2. create linked lists
   3. identify duplicated data
   4. uniquely identify a record
   5. uniquely identify an attribute

21.          are fields in a record that have some identifying information but typically do not identify the record with complete accuracy.
    1. Primary keys
    2. Secondary keys
    3. Duplicate keys
    4. Attribute keys
    5. Record keys

22. As an individual student in your university’s student database, you are a(n)     of the STUDENT class.
    1. instance
    2. individual
    3. representative
    4. entity
    5. relationship

23. At your university, students can take more than one class, and each class can have more than one student. This is an example of what kind of relationship?
    1. one-to-one
    2. one-to-many
    3. many-to-one
    4. many-to-many
    5. some-to-many

24. In a university’s relational database, the student record contains information regarding the student’s last name. The last name is a(n):
    1. attribute

1. 2. entity
   3. primary key
   4. object
   5. file

25. A database management system is primarily a(n)          .
    1. file handling program
    2. data modeling program
    3. interface between applications and a database
    4. interface between data and a database
    5. interface between queries and a database

26. In the relational database model, related tables can be joined when they contain common   .
    1. primary keys
    2. rows
    3. records
    4. columns
    5. files

27.          tell the database management system which records are joined with others in related tables.
    1. Primary keys
    2. Secondary keys
    3. Common attributes
    4. Common files
    5. Common fields

28. Data dictionaries perform all of the following functions except:
    1. Providing information on each record
    2. Providing information on why attributes are needed in the database
    3. Defining the format necessary to enter data into the database
    4. Providing information on name of attributes
    5. Providing information on how often attributes should be updated

29. In a relational database, every row represents a           .
    1. file
    2. record
    3. attribute
    4. primary key
    5. secondary key

30. A standardized language used to manipulate data is      .
    1. MS-Access
    2. Oracle
    3. query-by-example language
    4. structured query language
    5. data manipulation language

31. Data dictionaries provide which of the following advantages to the organization?
    1. reduce data inconsistency
    2. provide for faster program development
    3. make it easier to modify data and information
    4. all of the above

32.          is a method for analyzing and reducing a relational database to its most streamlined form.
    1. Structured query
    2. Normalization
    3. Query by example
    4. Joining
    5. Relational analysis

33. When data are normalized, attributes in the table depend only on the .
    1. secondary key
    2. common attribute
    3. primary key
    4. common row
    5. common record

34. Refer to IT’s About Business 4.1. The benefits of electronic medical records include all of the following except:
    1. help eliminate duplicate medical tests
    2. provide correct medical information to medical professionals
    3. reduce administrative costs
    4. help to prevent serious illnesses
    5. increase patients’ information security

35. The data in a data warehouse have which of the following characteristics?
    1. They are organized by subject.
    2. They are coded in different formats.
    3. They are updated in real time.
    4. They are typically retained for a defined, but limited, period of time.
    5. They are organized in a hierarchical structure.

36. The data in a data warehouse:
    1. are updated constantly in real time.
    2. are updated in batch mode, approximately once per day.
    3. are not updated.
    4. are purged constantly as new data enter.
    5. are available for MIS analysts, but not users.

37. The process of moving data from various sources into the data warehouse is called:

1. 1. uploading.
   2. extracting, transforming, and loading.
   3. online transaction processing.
   4. master data management.
   5. online analytical processing.

38. Compared to data warehouses, data marts have which one of the following characteristics?
    1. cost less
    2. have longer lead time for implementation
    3. have central rather than local control
    4. contain more information
    5. are harder to navigate

39. Refer to IT’s About Business 4.2. Unum decided it needed a data warehouse for all of the following reasons except :
    1. to improve data collection efforts.
    2. to support data integration.
    3. to support centralized reporting.
    4. to provide consistent performance metrics across the organization.
    5. to enhance management’s understanding of product performance.

40.          is a formal approach to managing data consistently across an entire organization.
    1. Database management
    2. Enterprise information management
    3. Data warehousing
    4. Data governance
    5. Data mart

41.          provide(s) companies with a single version of the truth for their data.
    1. Data warehouses
    2. Data marts
    3. Databases

1. 4. Master data management
   5. Enterprise information management

42. Organizations are turning to data governance for which of the following reasons?
    1. They have too little data.
    2. They are responding to federal regulations.
    3. Their data are typically structured.
    4. Their data are usually located in the organizations’ databases.
    5. Data across their organizations are generally consistent.

43.          describe the activities of the business, where        categorize(s), aggregate(s), and evaluate(s) data generated by the organization’s activities.
    1. Transaction data, master data
    2. Source data, transaction data
    3. Operational data, master data
    4. Master data, source data
    5. Business dimensional data, databases

44.          is a process that helps organizations identify, select, organize, disseminate, transfer, and apply expertise that are part of the organization’s memory and typically reside inside the organization in an unstructured manner.
    1. Discovery
    2. Knowledge management
    3. Decision support
    4. Online analytical processing
    5. Data mining

45.          can be exercised to solve a problem, where          may or may not be able to be exercised to solve a problem.
    1. Knowledge, information
    2. Data, information
    3. Information, data

1. 4. Information, knowledge
   5. Data, knowledge

46. Explicit knowledge has which of the following characteristics?
    1. objective
    2. personal
    3. slow
    4. costly to transfer
    5. ambiguous

47. Tacit knowledge has which of the following characteristics?
    1. codified
    2. objective
    3. unstructured
    4. rational
    5. technical

48. Historically, management information systems have focused on capturing, storing, managing, and reporting       knowledge.
    1. tacit
    2. explicit
    3. managerial
    4. geographical
    5. cultural

49. The most important benefit of knowledge management systems is:
    1. improved customer service.
    2. they make best practices available to employees.
    3. retention of scarce knowledge if employees retire.
    4. improved morale.
    5. more efficient product development.