a.

Accept each other as equals

b.

Swear a loyalty oath to the Union

c.

Develop new social, economic, and political patterns

d.

Enlist in the Union Army to help rebuild the South

a.

opposed slavery not on moral grounds, but because they believed that free labor was more productive.

b.

feared that wage labor could be in conflict with the principles of democracy.

c.

believed that slaves worked to please their masters, whereas free workers worked for social progress.

d.

believed that free labor was central to the dynamism of Northern society and economy.

a.

relieve some of the overcrowding in northern cities.

b.

further democracy in the region.

c.

pull poor whites away from their political ties to the planter class.

d.

prevent the region from threatening national stability again.

a.

a full pardon and restoration of rights to those who swore loyalty to the Union.

b.

the outlawing of secession.

c.

that the Union war debt would be paid in full.

d.

that full citizenship rights would be granted to black people.

a.

granted full rights of citizenship to black people.

b.

cancelled all Confederate war debts.

c.

gave black males the right to vote.

d.

abolished slavery.

a.

had a degree from Harvard University.

b.

came from a respected planter family in Tennessee.

c.

had an African American mother.

d.

was the only southern senator who rejected the Confederacy.

a.

They mistrusted him because he had opposed the Confederacy.

b.

They were frightened by his plan and began leaving the South in large numbers.

c.

They viewed him as their protector.

d.

They believed that Johnson and his plan would punish them.

a.

quit their jobs.

b.

move around.

c.

register to vote.

d.

demand to be admitted to the whites' churches.

a.

churches.

b.

schools.

c.

local governments.

d.

state governments.

a.

The emigration to Africa.

b.

The acquisition of guns.

c.

The choice of a new name.

d.

Travel.

a.

required that black troops be paid at the same rate as white troops.

b.

ordered a "march to the sea" that destroyed large portions of Georgia.

c.

gave black families 40 acres of farmland and an army mule.

d.

ordered the arrest of Confederate officials.

a.

President Johnson ordered confiscated land returned to its former owners.

b.

There simply wasn't enough good farmland in the South.

c.

Bureau officials were corrupt and sold most of it to northern speculators.

d.

The freed people were too ignorant to know how to use it effectively.

a.

The federal government was unwilling to help the freed people in any way, so they had no alternative but to go into sharecropping.

b.

Most former slaves preferred wage labor, but terrorist groups like the Ku Klux Klan forced them to accept sharecropping.

c.

The freed people recognized that under sharecropping they could earn more money than through wage labor, if they worked harder.

d.

The South was short of capital, and landowners found it easier to pay workers in kind, rather than in cash.

a.

gave former male slaves the right to vote.

b.

distributed abandoned plantation land.

c.

declared that slaves who served in the Union Army were rebels.

d.

restricted African Americans' economic opportunities.

a.

It was led by a former Confederate General.

b.

Their practice of terror suggests that Klan members themselves felt extremely powerful in local politics.

c.

the Klan included small-scale farmers and workers, but prominent community leaders as well.

d.

Klan members acted locally without following a central control.

a.

the states had not ratified the Thirteenth Amendment.

b.

all were former Confederate officials.

c.

northerners refused to allow representation to the South until Union troops were no longer needed in the region.

d.

Republicans did not believe the new southern state governments were committed to protecting the freed people.

a.

It was narrowly passed by Congress, and President Johnson reluctantly signed it.

b.

Congress passed it, but President Johnson vetoed it.

c.

Congress passed it, President Johnson vetoed it, and Congress overrode the veto.

d.

Congress passed it, President Johnson signed it, but the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional.

a.

it violated the Bill of Rights.

b.

it failed to address the plight of southern blacks.

c.

it violated states' rights.

d.

it was unenforceable.

a.

guarantees that the Confederate war debt will be paid in full.

b.

grants to states the right to determine who is and is not a citizen.

c.

gives black males the right to vote.

d.

requires that states uphold the principle of equality before the law.

a.

It did not give women the right to vote.

b.

It prohibited states from assuming any of the Confederate debt.

c.

The word "male" was in the Constitution in connection with voting rights.

d.

It denied black females the right to vote.

a.

Johnson's continued insistence on the 10 percent plan

b.

The fear that the Fourteenth Amendment might be defeated

c.

The inability of the former Confederate states to form new governments

d.

Johnson's veto of the bill to reauthorize the Freedman's Bureau

a.

It gave African Americans the right to vote.

b.

The Amendment protected individual civil rights against the interference of states.

c.

The Amendment prohibits the deprivation of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

d.

The Amendment defined American citizenship.

a.

He pardoned Jefferson Davis in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment.

b.

He removed Edwin Stanton in violation of the Tenure of Office Act.

c.

An independent investigator revealed that Johnson had taken bribes.

d.

Johnson issued an executive order that raised his own pay.

a.

failed when the Supreme Court ruled that he had done nothing to deserve it.

b.

forced his resignation from the presidency.

c.

established the principle that Congress can remove an unpopular president.

d.

failed by one vote.

a.

0

b.

1

c.

7

d.

all

a.

It had the active support of women's suffragists like Susan B. Anthony.

b.

It prohibits states from using race as a qualification for voting.

c.

It greatly broadened American notions of citizenship, guaranteeing the vote to African Americans, immigrants, and propertyless males.

d.

It put the federal government in charge of registering people to vote.

a.

public accommodations.

b.

education.

c.

polling places.

d.

hiring.

a.

often braved considerable personal danger by participating in Southern politics.

b.

formed a sizable minority in the Southern wing of the Republican party.

c.

typically had many years of experience as community organizers.

d.

often had been active in the Democratic party prior to secession.

a.

Yankee businessman.

b.

small farmer from the mountains.

c.

former slave.

d.

former slaveholder.

a.

A northern-born white Republican living in the South

b.

A southern-born poor white

c.

A follower of the Ku Klux Klan

d.

A southern-born industrialist

a.

they had strong business ties to the North.

b.

they supported the party's stand on civil rights.

c.

they felt the Republicans could rebuild the South more quickly.

d.

they wanted to wrest power from the planter elites.

a.

did not trust southern states with the responsibility of education.

b.

favored segregation to protect their children from white supremacist rhetoric.

c.

favored racially integrated schools.

d.

hoped that churches would assume the role of institutions of public education.

a.

the amazing economic recovery of the South.

b.

widespread political corruption.

c.

the creation of a new national bank.

d.

more stringent financing laws.

a.

produced the most dishonest governments in southern history.

b.

was part of a national pattern.

c.

was most notorious among uneducated black officials.

d.

was virtually nonexistent.

a.

accepted black suffrage.

b.

joined the Republican Party.

c.

began to use violence to stop Reconstruction measures.

d.

boycotted elections they knew they could not win.

a.

To build a permanent Republican Party in the South

b.

To rebuild the cotton empire of the South

c.

To destroy black Reconstruction

d.

To force Union troops out of the South through violence

a.

Nathan Bedford Forrest.

b.

Horace Greeley.

c.

Clement Vallandingham.

d.

Alexander Hays.

a.

The government could not afford to pay for another conflict.

b.

The Democrats in the House of Representatives blocked his efforts.

c.

He needed southern votes in the next presidential election.

d.

He feared intervention in the South would hurt Republican candidates in the North.

a.

was a railroad scheme that went bankrupt.

b.

saw black voters voting Democratic in return for guarantees of civil rights.

c.

failed to win the state for the Democratic Party.

d.

drove Republicans from power by violence.

a.

a reform-oriented third party nearly won.

b.

Democrats and Republicans claimed victory.

c.

Democrats won by a narrow margin.

d.

Republicans swept the nation.

a.

ended disagreements among Republicans.

b.

was when Democrats formally accepted that black people had the right to vote.

c.

ended northern attempts to protect Republican governments in the South.

d.

brought tens of thousands of southern whites into the Republican Party.

a.

had always opposed it.

b.

feared that its failure would mean a mass black exodus northward.

c.

had accepted the principle of black equality.

d.

had always urged President Grant to use military force to protect black rights.

a.

New Deal.

b.

the 1950s and 1960s.

c.

war in Vietnam.

d.

widespread use of the computer.

a.

Internal flaws in Reconstruction governments.

b.

Divisions within the Republican party.

c.

A lack of commitment to the cause among freed blacks.

d.

Political terrorism in the South.