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Homework answers / question archive / CHAPTER 28: COLD WAR AMERICA, 1950-1959 TRUE/FALSE 1
CHAPTER 28: COLD WAR AMERICA, 1950-1959
TRUE/FALSE
1. The postwar era witnessed tremendous economic depression and failing social contentment.
2. Due to the overall prosperity of the decade, blacks were able to close the income gap with whites by the end of the 1950s.
3. Many adults, having experienced the Depression and wartime rationing, were eager to consume more in the 1950s.
4. By 1960, nine out of ten homes in the United States had a television set.
5. The GI Bill of Rights provided financial assistance for home loans and college expenses.
6. Rural areas experienced practically no population growth in the 1950s and 1960s.
7. During the 1950s, the black population in the North decreased as a result of the Great Migration.
8. Detroit became known as the capital of black America due to the huge growth of its African American population.
9. The years during and after World War II witnessed tremendous growth in big business.
10. Society’s message to women in the 1950s was that they should strive to combine motherhood and professional careers.
11. The phrase “In God We Trust” was added to coins and currency in the 1950s.
12. The best salesman of this gospel of reassuring “good news” was the Reverend Norman Vincent Peale.
13. Ralph Ellison wrote Invisible Man.
14. The Beats took their name because of their pervasive sense that society had beaten them, or triumphed over their spirits.
15. Elvis Presley’s first national smash hit was “Heartbreak Hotel.”
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The postwar economic boom was fueled mainly by:
|
a. |
a massive government jobs program |
|
b. |
new inventions |
|
c. |
cold war–related military spending |
|
d. |
the work ethic of the American population |
|
e. |
trade with Europe and Japan |
2. After the war, Americans were most eager to:
|
a. |
purchase |
d. |
pursue education |
|
b. |
save |
e. |
work overtime |
|
c. |
travel |
|
|
3. All of the following countries were physically damaged during World War II EXCEPT:
|
a. |
Great Britain |
d. |
the United States |
|
b. |
France |
e. |
Germany |
|
c. |
Japan |
|
|
4. Before the Second World War, approximately how many people graduated from college in the United States each year?
|
a. |
about 260,000 |
d. |
about 1 million |
|
b. |
about 500,000 |
e. |
about 750,000 |
|
c. |
about 160,000 |
|
|
5. Between 1945 and 1960, home ownership:
|
a. |
declined, due to the construction of cheap apartments |
|
b. |
significantly increased |
|
c. |
was hampered due to shortages of credit |
|
d. |
became almost universal |
|
e. |
was not as popular as government-provided public housing |
6. In 1954, all of the following were major TV shows EXCEPT:
|
a. |
Father Knows Best |
d. |
The Price Is Right |
|
b. |
I Love Lucy |
e. |
The Ed Sullivan Show |
|
c. |
Leave It to Beaver |
|
|
7. All of the following increased through the postwar years EXCEPT:
|
a. |
urban populations |
d. |
family savings |
|
b. |
advertising |
e. |
credit purchases |
|
c. |
the number of shopping centers |
|
|
8. A very important reason for passage of the GI Bill was to:
|
a. |
keep men in the military beyond their term of enlistment |
|
b. |
spend surplus funds in the federal budget |
|
c. |
help Roosevelt get reelected |
|
d. |
prevent the return of the Depression |
|
e. |
create a bureaucracy to administer it |
9. Which of the following is NOT true of the GI Bill?
|
a. |
It caused a dramatic increase in college enrollments. |
|
b. |
It enabled many veterans to buy new homes. |
|
c. |
Its huge cost did not justify its benefits. |
|
d. |
It led to the creation of the Veterans Administration. |
|
e. |
It is also known as the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act. |
10. While college enrollments soared in the postwar period:
|
a. |
most professors were dull and uninspiring |
|
b. |
black veterans encountered barriers to entrance |
|
c. |
student debt became a major problem |
|
d. |
few students were able to finish and earn a degree |
|
e. |
campuses became hotbeds of student protest and misbehavior |
11. The baby boom:
|
a. |
has been overrated in importance as a social phenomenon |
|
b. |
produced a generation devoted to sacrifice |
|
c. |
started in the early days of World War II |
|
d. |
continued the twentieth century’s steady increase in birthrate |
|
e. |
started in 1941 |
12. The postwar era witnessed its most dramatic population growth in:
|
a. |
the sunbelt |
d. |
the Northeast |
|
b. |
the Midwest |
e. |
the Mississippi Valley |
|
c. |
rural areas |
|
|
13. The location of William Levitt’s first suburban development was:
|
a. |
Los Angeles, California |
d. |
Phoenix, Arizona |
|
b. |
Long Island, New York |
e. |
Boston, Massachusetts |
|
c. |
Baltimore, Maryland |
|
|
14. Houses in Levittown in the early 1950s all sold for just under:
|
a. |
$1,000 |
d. |
$50,000 |
|
b. |
$7,000 |
e. |
$100,000 |
|
c. |
$20,000 |
|
|
15. Suburban growth was spurred by all of the following EXCEPT:
|
a. |
federally insured loans |
|
b. |
highway construction |
|
c. |
increases in car ownership |
|
d. |
veterans benefits |
|
e. |
new construction of mass public transportation |
16. The phenomenon of “white flight” in the 1950s:
|
a. |
stopped when the federal government banned housing discrimination |
|
b. |
involved poor whites fleeing the South for jobs in big northern cities |
|
c. |
showed the improvement in race relations since the end of World War II |
|
d. |
was a major cause of the growth of the suburbs |
|
e. |
was discouraged by the open-housing policies of William Levitt |
17. Most blacks who moved to the North were fleeing terrible poverty in:
|
a. |
southern cities such as Memphis and New Orleans |
|
b. |
the rural South |
|
c. |
the Dust Bowl |
|
d. |
New England |
|
e. |
other northern cities |
18. Blacks who moved to northern cities found:
|
a. |
middle-class status |
d. |
the inability to vote |
|
b. |
quality public housing |
e. |
new problems and forms of exploitation |
|
c. |
acceptance and respect |
|
|
19. By the 1950s, suburban life was marked by an increasing:
|
a. |
uniformity |
d. |
intellectual excitement |
|
b. |
cultural innovation |
e. |
economic stagnation |
|
c. |
diversity |
|
|
20. During the fifties, the U.S. marriage rate:
|
a. |
reached record lows |
d. |
did not include interracial marriages |
|
b. |
reached an all-time high |
e. |
only reported recent marriages |
|
c. |
included same sex marriages |
|
|
21. By 1960, which American city had the largest concentration of Mexican Americans?
|
a. |
New York, New York |
d. |
Los Angeles, California |
|
b. |
Chicago, Illinois |
e. |
San Diego. California |
|
c. |
Miami, Florida |
|
|
22. Dwight Eisenhower considered himself a:
|
a. |
Democrat |
d. |
moderate Republican |
|
b. |
compassionate conservative |
e. |
moderate Democrat |
|
c. |
fiscal Republican |
|
|
23. Life magazine’s ideal woman of the mid-1950s was:
|
a. |
educated and single |
d. |
an equal partner with her husband |
|
b. |
career oriented |
e. |
a white suburban housewife |
|
c. |
able to juggle home and career |
|
|
24. With the end of World War II, women workers were encouraged to:
|
a. |
give up their jobs to returning veterans |
|
b. |
work longer hours |
|
c. |
limit family sizes |
|
d. |
stay single |
|
e. |
upgrade their job skills through technical training or college |
25. Who wrote that he and other writers felt estranged “from a government that extolled business and mediocrity”?
|
a. |
James Jones |
d. |
William Styron |
|
b. |
Ralph Ellison |
e. |
Saul Bellow |
|
c. |
John Updike |
|
|
26. By 1960, about 65 percent of Americans:
|
a. |
read the Bible |
d. |
believed in evolution |
|
b. |
prayed |
e. |
belonged to a church |
|
c. |
believed in God |
|
|
27. One sign of the times came in 1954 when Congress added the words “under God” to:
|
a. |
the president’s oath of office |
d. |
the Pledge of Allegiance |
|
b. |
coins and currency |
e. |
the Constitution |
|
c. |
the Capitol building |
|
|
28. One major reason for religion’s growing appeal in the 1950s was:
|
a. |
the desire to combat “godless” communism |
|
b. |
tax breaks for people who joined churches |
|
c. |
the fire and brimstone style of television preachers |
|
d. |
widespread guilt over the country’s material abundance |
|
e. |
huge new churches that sponsored social and recreational activities |
29. The Reverend Norman Vincent Peale emphasized:
|
a. |
man’s sinful nature |
|
b. |
the spiritual appeal of Eastern faiths like Buddhism |
|
c. |
faith, enthusiasm, and joy |
|
d. |
the need to give lots of money to churches |
|
e. |
the difficulty of attaining salvation |
30. In The Affluent Society, John Kenneth Galbraith pointed out the:
|
a. |
benefits of limited government |
d. |
economic value of the cold war |
|
b. |
infallibility of the marketplace |
e. |
environmental costs of prosperity |
|
c. |
persistence of poverty |
|
|
31. In The Crack in the Picture Window, John Keats described suburban life as:
|
a. |
the best of all possible worlds |
d. |
a life of quiet desperation |
|
b. |
the true American way |
e. |
homogeneous |
|
c. |
better than any of the alternatives |
|
|
32. During the 1950s, novelist John Updike observed:
|
a. |
he and other writers felt estranged “from a government that extolled business and mediocrity” |
|
b. |
communism had become popular in the U.S. |
|
c. |
federal government was not receptive to the needs of poor Americans |
|
d. |
the “land of the free” was not the “land of the free” |
|
e. |
nothing |
33. The African American writer who explored the theme of social alienation in Invisible Man was:
|
a. |
Arthur Miller |
d. |
John Updike |
|
b. |
William Styron |
e. |
James Jones |
|
c. |
Ralph Ellison |
|
|
34. Jack Kerouac’s style of writing is commonly grouped into this type of literature:
|
a. |
travel books |
d. |
Beats |
|
b. |
short stories |
e. |
literary criticism |
|
c. |
satire |
|
|
35. The youthful rebels known as the Beats:
|
a. |
formed their own political party |
d. |
preferred country living to urban living |
|
b. |
numbered about 1 million |
e. |
were based primarily in Los Angeles |
|
c. |
favored road trips, Buddhism, and jazz |
|
|
36. Ultimately, the Beats:
|
a. |
changed the political landscape of the 1950s |
|
b. |
proved largely irrelevant to history |
|
c. |
had their greatest success in promoting equality for women |
|
d. |
helped inspire the youth revolt of the 1960s |
|
e. |
launched the gay rights movement |
37. Alan Freed was a notable:
|
a. |
musician |
d. |
record producer |
|
b. |
songwriter |
e. |
disc jockey |
|
c. |
record company owner |
|
|
38. The music Alan Freed labeled “rock ‘n’ roll” was actually:
|
a. |
jazz |
d. |
gospel |
|
b. |
rhythm and blues |
e. |
big band swing |
|
c. |
pop |
|
|
39. Elvis Presley’s recordings:
|
a. |
were never very commercially successful |
|
b. |
blended a variety of musical styles |
|
c. |
appealed equally to all ages and generations |
|
d. |
are best remembered for his guitar and piano playing |
|
e. |
truly promoted “a pagan concept of life” |
40. Elvis was especially controversial because of his:
|
a. |
rude manner toward adults |
d. |
fondness for Beat poetry |
|
b. |
scandalous sex life |
e. |
suggestive gyrations on stage |
|
c. |
identity as an atheist |
|
|
41. Before becoming president, Eisenhower was most shaped by his experience in:
|
a. |
business |
d. |
politics |
|
b. |
the military |
e. |
the law |
|
c. |
higher education |
|
|
42. In regard to New Deal programs, Eisenhower:
|
a. |
was intensely hostile |
|
b. |
ended subsidies to agriculture |
|
c. |
promised to outdo Roosevelt |
|
d. |
retained most and even expanded some of them |
|
e. |
wanted to privatize Social Security |
43. Senator Joseph McCarthy’s power began to unravel when he made reckless charges about Communist influence in:
|
a. |
the Democratic party |
d. |
the Eisenhower administration |
|
b. |
the U.S. Army |
e. |
the media |
|
c. |
Ivy League colleges |
|
|
44. When the U-2 spy plane was shot down over Russia, Eisenhower first:
|
a. |
tried to cover it up |
|
b. |
worked hard to get the release of Francis Gary Powers |
|
c. |
admitted the plane was a spy plane |
|
d. |
blamed the CIA |
|
e. |
blamed China |
45. In the Brown decision, the Supreme Court:
|
a. |
struck down “separate but equal” in public education |
|
b. |
ordered an immediate end to Jim Crow segregation |
|
c. |
rejected the legal arguments of the NAACP |
|
d. |
was closely divided |
|
e. |
recognized the high quality of black schools in the South |
46. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles could be viewed as a sixteenth-century religious zealot in that he:
|
a. |
prayed a lot |
|
b. |
was stuck in the sixteenth century |
|
c. |
opposed communism |
|
d. |
divided the world into forces: those who are Christians and the others |
|
e. |
believed only a few people would go to heaven |
47. Dulles’s policy of “roll back” involved:
|
a. |
liberating people under Communist rule |
|
b. |
massing troops on the borders of Communist countries |
|
c. |
constant provocations of the Soviets |
|
d. |
regular flights over Soviet territory |
|
e. |
the abandonment of the containment policy |
48. Since the nineteenth century, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia had been ruled by:
|
a. |
China |
d. |
Great Britain |
|
b. |
Japan |
e. |
themselves |
|
c. |
France |
|
|
49. The First Indochina War ended when the French suffered a major defeat at:
|
a. |
Dien Bien Phu |
d. |
Taipei |
|
b. |
Hanoi |
e. |
Khe Sanh |
|
c. |
Saigon |
|
|
50. Adlai E. Stevenson was:
|
a. |
a senator revealed by Joseph McCarthy to be a Communist |
|
b. |
secretary of state for most of Eisenhower’s presidency |
|
c. |
Eisenhower’s opponent for president in both 1952 and 1956 |
|
d. |
appointed by Eisenhower to be chief justice of the Supreme Court |
|
e. |
a leader unusually skilled in communicating with common people |
MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
|
a. |
wrote Invisible Man |
|
b. |
wrote The Affluent Society |
|
c. |
advocated “massive resistance” to integration |
|
d. |
challenged bus segregation in Montgomery, Alabama |
|
e. |
wrote The Crack in the Picture Window |
|
f. |
was a U-2 spy-plane pilot |
|
g. |
proclaimed the creation of a Democratic Republic of Vietnam |
|
h. |
was a suburban home builder |
|
i. |
was an Arkansas governor |
|
j. |
was a Supreme Court chief justice |
1. Rosa Parks
2. John Kenneth Galbraith
3. Francis Gary Powers
4. John Keats
5. Harry Byrd
6. William Levitt
7. Earl Warren
8. Orval Faubus
9. Ho Chi Minh
10. Ralph Ellison
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