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Homework answers / question archive / Brain and Spinal cord and Peripheral Nerves: ? Know the structures of the brain and their primary function including cortex, diencephalon, brainstem and cerebellum ? Know your lobes and their primary function ? Know the cranial nerves and their roman numeral and function: ? Are they primarily motor, sensory or both (mixed); do they have parasympathetic output? ? Know the meninges of the brain: dura mater, arachnoid mater (subarachnoid space) pia mater ? Know the ventricles and the drainage of the CSF into the dural sinuses---lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle, 4th ventricle, central canal, interventricular foramen, cerebral aquaduct, lateral and median aperture, arachnoid vili ? Know the basic structure of the spinal cord and the number of nerves exiting it ? Know the meninges protecting the spinal cord ? Know the conus medullaris, cauda equine and filum terminale ? Know the structures associated with the spinal cord---horns, rootlets, roots, ventral and dorsal rami, spinal nerves and dorsal root ganglia

Brain and Spinal cord and Peripheral Nerves: ? Know the structures of the brain and their primary function including cortex, diencephalon, brainstem and cerebellum ? Know your lobes and their primary function ? Know the cranial nerves and their roman numeral and function: ? Are they primarily motor, sensory or both (mixed); do they have parasympathetic output? ? Know the meninges of the brain: dura mater, arachnoid mater (subarachnoid space) pia mater ? Know the ventricles and the drainage of the CSF into the dural sinuses---lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle, 4th ventricle, central canal, interventricular foramen, cerebral aquaduct, lateral and median aperture, arachnoid vili ? Know the basic structure of the spinal cord and the number of nerves exiting it ? Know the meninges protecting the spinal cord ? Know the conus medullaris, cauda equine and filum terminale ? Know the structures associated with the spinal cord---horns, rootlets, roots, ventral and dorsal rami, spinal nerves and dorsal root ganglia

Biology

Brain and Spinal cord and Peripheral Nerves: ? Know the structures

of the brain and their primary function including cortex, diencephalon, brainstem and cerebellum ? Know your lobes and their primary function ? Know the cranial nerves and their roman numeral and function: ? Are they primarily motor, sensory or both (mixed); do they have parasympathetic output? ? Know the meninges of the brain: dura mater, arachnoid mater (subarachnoid space) pia mater ? Know the ventricles and the drainage of the CSF into the dural sinuses---lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle, 4th ventricle, central canal, interventricular foramen, cerebral aquaduct, lateral and median aperture, arachnoid vili ? Know the basic structure of the spinal cord and the number of nerves exiting it ? Know the meninges protecting the spinal cord ? Know the conus medullaris, cauda equine and filum terminale ? Know the structures associated with the spinal cord---horns, rootlets, roots, ventral and dorsal rami, spinal nerves and dorsal root ganglia. ? Know the spinal nerves and their primary function: o Plexus: cervical, brachial, lumbar and sacral ? Phrenic nerve ? Musculocutaneous , axillary, radial, ulnar and median nerves ? Femoral and obturator nerves ? Sciatic nerves o Know the major somatic sensory and motor pathways of the somatic nervous system and the difference between the general and special senses o What are the receptors that pick up stimuli concerning pressure (baroreceptors) o Receptors that pick up blood chemistry (chemoreceptors) o Know the organization of the autonomic nervous system and higher order functions: o Differences structural and functional concerning the somatic and autonomic nervous system ? Anatomy of the ANS---preganglionic and post ganglionic neurons ? Where preganglionics exit the spinal cord (sympathetic vs. parasympathetic) o Thoracolumbar (sympathetic NS) o Craniosacral (parasympathetic NS) General and functional differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system o Cranial nerves with parasympathetic output o Know the ANS neurotransmitters o Cholinergic vs. adrenergic neurons and receptors (cholinergic are between pre and post ganglionic in both sympathetic NS and parasympathetic NS; for cholinergic at the neuromuscular and neuroglandular junction there is the release of acetylcholine. For the sympathetic NS, there is most often NE and Epi. In some cases----sweat glands and superficial blood vessels----acetylcholine is released) o Physiological effects of the ANS o Control of ANS (hypothalamus) For Special Senses: o Know the structure of the eye o Photoreceptor types and their functioning; rods (light and dard); cones (color) o How do we see up close---rounding of the lens, movement of the eyes towards the midline, pupillary constriction) o Where light is projected into the retina for best visual acuity (fovea centralis) o Taste receptors and the cranial nerves that relay information about taste (cranial nerves VII, IX and X) o Olfactory epithelium and the cranial nerve involved (CN I) o Structures of the ear that are used in hearing-----follow pathway from soundwaves hitting the tympanic membrane, the auditory ossicles, the round window, cochlea, basilar membrane, organ of Corti and hair cells (inner) o Structures in the ear used for equilibrium: saccule, utricle, semi-circular ducts/canals, ampulla

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