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Homework answers / question archive / Part 1 Please write at most two paragraphs to answer each of the following
Part 1 Please write at most two paragraphs to answer each of the following. If you can fully answer the question in less space, please feel free to do so. What is biostatistics? What is a randomized controlled trial? What are its strengths? What is a probability distribution? Name one of the most common distributions. Name two ways to graphically display data and describe when you might use each, addressing their strengths. What does it mean to say "correlation does not imply causation"? A researcher has two groups of patients, one of which has received a treatment and the other of which has received a placebo. She records the systolic blood pressure for each patient, and then performs a statistical test to compare the average SBP in both groups. She receives a p-value of 0.32. Interpret this p-value in the context of her research. A few years later, the researcher repeats the experiment using a new treatment. She utilizes the same test procedure as she did before, and she receives a p-value of 0.02 (comparing the new treatment to placebo). Interpret this p-value in the context of her research. Bonus: What is linear regression? Part 2 For the following, you must answer the questions and submit the supporting R code to receive full credit. Download this dataset by selecting File > Download as > Comma-separated values. Load this file into R as a variable called "data." Run the following code snippet to create two subsets of the data, one representing the treatment group and one representing the control group: treatmentGroup <- data[which(data$Intervention == "Treatment"), ] controlGroup <- data[which(data$Intervention == "Control"), ] The dataset has the following components: Intervention refers to whether the patient received a treatment or was in the control group. Age is the patient's age. Gender is the patient's gender with M representing male and F representing female. Recovery in the number of days it took for the patient's sports-related injury to be medically considered recovered. Success represents whether or not the patient was able to return to competitive sports, with "true" indicating that they were able to return and "false" indicating that they were not able to return. Describe the overall patient population. Perform a statistical test on the recovery time between the two groups. Name the test you performed, your reason for choosing it, and the result. Do not forget to interpret the result of the test. Run the following code to create a matrix. Note that the top row represents the treatment group and the bottom row represents the control group. Note that the first column represents the number of successes and the second column represents the number of failures. Perform a statistical test to determine whether the rate of successful return to competitive sports was different in the two groups. Name the test you performed, your reason for choosing it, and the result. Do not forget to interpret the result of the test. The code is: successMatrix <- matrix(c(3, 2, 1, 4), nrow = 2, byrow = TRUE) Bonus: Do you notice anything about the overall dataset that may have skewed the results? Why or why not? Note that if you obtain a warning message for a statistical test, but a result is still provided (e.g. it is a warning and not an error), then please ignore the warning. This is a very small dataset and therefore you may receive a warning that the test's approximation may be incorrect.