Answer:

Part A

Question 1:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Tyler gets an A on the final, then Tyler will pass the course

Premise: Tyler will get an A on the final.

Conclusion: Tyler will pass the course.

 

-Modus Ponens argument.

-The argument passes the true premise test.

 

Question 2:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Bobby doesn't come to class, then Laura will be upset.

Premise: Bobby will come to class.

Conclusion: Kartik won't be upset

 

-Denies the antecedent argument.

-The argument does not pass the true premises test.

 

Question 3:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Anthony takes the job as a financial consultant, then Anthony will have to move to New Jersey. 

Premise: Anthony will never move to New Jersey.

Conclusion: Anthony will never take the job.

 

-Modus Tollens because it denies the consequent.

-The argument passes the true premises test.

Part B

Question 4:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Tyler gets an A on the final, then Tyler will pass the course

Premise: Tyler will get an A on the final.

Conclusion: Tyler will pass the course.

 

-Deductive Argument.

-The truth of the premise provides some evidence for the truth of the conclusion.

-The argument passes the proper form test.

Question 5:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Bobby doesn't come to class, then Laura will be upset.

Premise: Bobby will come to class.

Conclusion: Kartik won't be upset

 

-Deductive Argument.

-The truth of the premise does not provides some evidence for the truth of the conclusion.

-The argument does not passes the proper form test.

 

Question 6:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Anthony takes the job as a financial consultant, then Anthony will have to move to New Jersey. 

Premise: Anthony will never move to New Jersey.

Conclusion: Anthony will never take the job.

 

-Deductive Argument.

-The truth of the premise provides some evidence for the truth of the conclusion.

-The argument passes the proper form test.

 

Part C

Question 7:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Tyler gets an A on the final, then Tyler will pass the course

Premise: Tyler will get an A on the final.

Conclusion: Tyler will pass the course.

 

-Deductive Argument.

-The truth of the premise provides some evidence for the truth of the conclusion.

-The argument passes the proper form test.

-VALID Argument

 

Question 8:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Bobby doesn't come to class, then Laura will be upset.

Premise: Bobby will come to class.

Conclusion: Kartik won't be upset

 

-Deductive Argument.

-The truth of the premise does not provides some evidence for the truth of the conclusion.

-The argument does not passes the proper form test.

-INVALID Argument.

-Creates Inverse Fallacy.

 

Question 9:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Anthony takes the job as a financial consultant, then Anthony will have to move to New Jersey. 

Premise: Anthony will never move to New Jersey.

Conclusion: Anthony will never take the job.

 

-Deductive Argument.

-The truth of the premise provides some evidence for the truth of the conclusion.

-The argument passes the proper form test.

-VALID Argument.

 

Question 10:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Tyler gets an A on the final, then Tyler will pass the course

Premise: Tyler will get an A on the final.

Conclusion: Tyler will pass the course.

 

-It passes the true premises test since all its premises are accurate.

Question 11:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Bobby doesn't come to class, then Laura will be upset.

Premise: Bobby will come to class.

Conclusion: Kartik won't be upset

-It does not pass proper form test.

 

Step-by-step explanation

Part A

Question 1

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Tyler gets an A on the final, then Tyler will pass the course

Premise: Tyler will get an A on the final.

Conclusion: Tyler will pass the course.

 

Scheme of Abbreviation

P = Tyler gets an A on the final

Q = Tyler passes the course

 

Logical Form of the Argument:

P → Q

P

Q

 

-The above argument is a deductive argument because it makes a case for a specific conclusion from more general premises. It follows the structure of Modus Ponens because it affirms the antecedent (P). Hence, it is a VALID rule of inference that affirms the antecedent. It can be implied as "P implies Q and P is assumed to be true, therefore, Q must be true." For that reason, the argument passes the true premises test.

 

Question 2:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Bobby doesn't come to class, then Laura will be upset.

Premise: Bobby will come to class.

Conclusion: Kartik won't be upset

 

Scheme of Abbreviation

P = Bobby comes to class

Q = Laura will be upset

 

Logical Form of the Argument:

~P → Q

 P

~Q

 

-Notice that the above argument denies the antecedent (P), creating a fallacy of the inverse (inverse error). 

 

Question 3:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Anthony takes the job as a financial consultant, then Anthony will have to move to New Jersey. 

Premise: Anthony will never move to New Jersey.

Conclusion: Anthony will never take the job

 

Scheme of Abbreviation

P = Anthony takes the job as a financial consultant

Q = Anthony will move to New Jersey

 

Logical Form of the Argument:

P → Q

~Q

~P

 

-It is important to recognize that the above argument follows the structure of a Modus Tollens because it denies the consequent (~Q). 

 

Part B

Question 4:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Tyler gets an A on the final, then Tyler will pass the course

Premise: Tyler will get an A on the final.

Conclusion: Tyler will pass the course.

 

Scheme of Abbreviation

P = Tyler gets an A on the final

Q = Tyler passes the course

 

Logical Form of the Argument:

P → Q

P

Q

 

-The above argument is a deductive argument because it makes a case for a specific conclusion from more general premises. It follows the structure of Modus Ponens because it affirms the antecedent (P). Hence, it is a VALID rule of inference that affirms the antecedent. It can be implied as "P implies Q and P is assumed to be true, therefore, Q must be true." For that reason, the argument passes the true premises test.

 

Question 5:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Bobby doesn't come to class, then Laura will be upset.

Premise: Bobby will come to class.

Conclusion: Kartik won't be upset

 

Scheme of Abbreviation

P = Bobby comes to class

Q = Laura will be upset

 

Logical Form of the Argument:

~P → Q

 P

~Q

-Notice that the above argument denies the antecedent (P), creating a fallacy of the inverse (inverse error). It takes the true conditional statement and INVALIDLY inferring its inverse though the inverse may not be true. Hence, the argument does not pass the true premises test.

 

Question 6:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Anthony takes the job as a financial consultant, then Anthony will have to move to New Jersey. 

Premise: Anthony will never move to New Jersey.

Conclusion: Anthony will never take the job

 

Scheme of Abbreviation

P = Anthony takes the job as a financial consultant

Q = Anthony will move to New Jersey

 

Logical Form of the Argument:

P → Q

~Q

~P

 

-It is a deductive argument because it makes a case for a specific conclusion from more general premises. Since the conclusion follows necessarily from its premises, the truth of the premises provide some evidence for the truth of the conclusion.

 

Part C

Question 7:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Tyler gets an A on the final, then Tyler will pass the course

Premise: Tyler will get an A on the final.

Conclusion: Tyler will pass the course.

 

Scheme of Abbreviation

P = Tyler gets an A on the final

Q = Tyler passes the course

 

Logical Form of the Argument:

P → Q

P

Q

 

-The above argument is a deductive argument because it makes a case for a specific conclusion from more general premises. It follows the structure of Modus Ponens because it affirms the antecedent (P). Hence, it is a VALID rule of inference that affirms the antecedent. It can be implied as "P implies Q and P is assumed to be true, therefore, Q must be true." For that reason, the argument passes the true premises test.

 

Question 8:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Bobby doesn't come to class, then Laura will be upset.

Premise: Bobby will come to class.

Conclusion: Kartik won't be upset

 

Scheme of Abbreviation

P = Bobby comes to class

Q = Laura will be upset

 

Logical Form of the Argument:

~P → Q

 P

~Q

-Notice that the above argument denies the antecedent (P), creating a fallacy of the inverse (inverse error). It takes the true conditional statement and INVALIDLY inferring its inverse though the inverse may not be true. Hence, the argument does not pass the true premises test.

 

Question 9:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Anthony takes the job as a financial consultant, then Anthony will have to move to New Jersey. 

Premise: Anthony will never move to New Jersey.

Conclusion: Anthony will never take the job

 

Scheme of Abbreviation

P = Anthony takes the job as a financial consultant

Q = Anthony will move to New Jersey

 

Logical Form of the Argument:

P → Q

~Q

~P

 

-It is important to recognize that the above argument follows the structure of a Modus Tollens because it denies the consequent (~Q). It is a deductive argument because it makes a case for a specific conclusion from more general premises. Since the conclusion follows necessarily from its premises, the truth of the premises provide some evidence for the truth of the conclusion. It is VALID argument because if P implies Q, and Q is false, then P must also be false.

 

Question 10:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Tyler gets an A on the final, then Tyler will pass the course

Premise: Tyler will get an A on the final.

Conclusion: Tyler will pass the course.

 

Scheme of Abbreviation

P = Tyler gets an A on the final

Q = Tyler passes the course

 

Logical Form of the Argument:

P → Q

P

Q

 

-It follows the structure of Modus Ponens because it affirms the antecedent (P). Hence, it is a VALID rule of inference that affirms the antecedent. It can be implied as "P implies Q and P is assumed to be true, therefore, Q must be true." For that reason, the argument passes the true premises test. It passes the true premises test because all its premises are accurate.

-It passes the true premises test because all its premises are accurate.

 

Question 11:

Standard Form of the Argument:

Premise: If Bobby doesn't come to class, then Laura will be upset.

Premise: Bobby will come to class.

Conclusion: Kartik won't be upset

 

Scheme of Abbreviation

P = Bobby comes to class

Q = Laura will be upset

 

Logical Form of the Argument:

~P → Q

 P

~Q

-Notice that the above argument denies the antecedent.

-It fails proper form test because the premises seem not to provide good reason to the conclusion assuming they are all true (i.e. the form, not content of the argument). In other words, It takes the true conditional statement and INVALIDLY inferring its inverse though the inverse may not be true