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Style Shifting due to stratification of ages of people The process of grouping individuals within social institutions on the basis of age

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1. Style Shifting due to stratification of ages of people
2. The process of grouping individuals within social institutions on the basis of age.
3. Differences between ways males and females speak
   Females- more critical of non-standard dialects
   Males- Covert prestige- men see themselves as macho so they use certain wards
4. Males- less colors, more auto, more tabo, use less descriptive adjs, use more imperative sentences, talk more in groups to establish dominance, will joke more, directly ask for things
   Females know more colors, avoid taboo in public but not with other women, use descriptive adj, use tage question "isnt it" use less imperatives, talk less in groups, decide on topics less, more easily admit that they are wrong, indirect speech-indirectly ask for things
5. an artificial language used for trade between speakers of different languages (3 Million Pidgins)
   1. Jargon->2. Stable Pidgin ->, 3. Extended/Expanded Pidgen-> Creolization
6. refers to the process in which a pidgin becomes a native language
7. a mother tongue that originates from contact between two languages (6 Million Creoles)
8. changing the pronunciation of borrowed words to conform to borrowing language
9. When two languages that have unequal prestige are in contact, the language of the less dominant group
   E.g the contact between English and Native American languages in the United States. native american is substratum.
10. When two languages that have unequal prestige are in contact, the language of the dominant group
    E.g the contact between English and Native American languages in the United States. English is superstratum.