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1) What are the differences in the 3 principle muscle fiber types? 2

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1) What are the differences in the 3 principle muscle fiber types?

2. What kind of muscle fiber is most fatiguable?

3. What kind of muscle fiber is most fatigue resistant?

4. What muscle is most impacted by inactivity and prolonged daily contractions?

5. What kind of muscle has the most mitochondria and recuited with the least effort?

6. What is a motor unit?

7. What happens to the muscle fibers within a motor unit when its motor neuron is activated?

8. Are there large differences in how strongly they are activated within a motor unit?

9. What happens at the cellular level when a muscle contracts?

10. What protein does calcium bind to in order to start a contraction?

11. What is the difference between a dynamic and isometric contraction?

12. What is the difference between shortening and lengthening muscle contractions?

Cardiovascular (11 example questions)

1. Know the differences between the main blood vessels: arteries, veins, capillaries?

2. In what blood vessels does the exchange of oxygen and other nutrients with the tissues occur?

3. Understand how EDV and ESV relate to the calculation of stroke volume (SV) i.e. EDV - ESV =SV

4. Understand how SV and HR relate to cardiac output (CO) (ie CO = HR x SV).

5. Understand how cardiac output relates to blood pressure and total peripheral resistance (TPR) (BP = CO x TPR).

6. What is the main blood vessels controlling TPR? and how do changes in their diameter impact TPR?

7. What is the effect of slow walking on these cardiovascular variables?

8. What is the effect of high intensity aerobic exercise on these variables?

9. What happens to blood pressure when someone lifts a heavy weight and why does BP change this way?

10. What happens to VO2 during low intensity physical activity like slow walking and understand how VO2 = CO x a-vO2 difference.

11. What is a MET in regards to exercise intensity?

Metabolic rate and physical activity and the role of skeletal muscle

1. What is a simple rule of thumb for what someone's resting metabolic rate (RMR) is in kcal/kg/hr?

2. Understand the role of LIPA in daily metabolic rate.

3. Does most of the day to day variation in energy expenditure come from the RMR or differences in how much we use our skeletal muscles day to day?

4. What happens to your metabolic rate within a few minutes of stopping exercise?

5. Why would many hours of low intensity physical activity spread over the whole day before more healthy than a 20 minute high intensity jogging session?

6. What is the recommended increase in metabolic rate during exercise as advocated by all physical activity guidelines?

7. How many kcal can a kg of muscle burn in 1 minute or 1 hour when it is contracting?

8. Why does adding a really large muscle mass (e.g. 5-10 kg) through strength training have small effect on RMR?

9. What type of skeletal muscle is used for many hours per day when performing low intensity activities (LIPA)?

10.How many hours do people spend in generally low intensity (LIPA) standing and intermittent stepping each day?

11.How many hours per day do most people spend sitting?

12.How many hours per day do even regular exercisers that walk enough to meet recommendations of 150-300 minutes per week?

13.About what % of the population adhere to meeting the weekly MVPA recommendations?

14.What do the tenets of inactivity physiology say about the cells and tissues in our bodies are constantly sensing their environment?

15.Understand that there can be a 50-fold or greater increase in the metabolic rate of the muscle cells recruited even during LIPA.

Fuel selection - fat and carbohydate metabolism

1. What are the main sources of fat and carbohydrate that can be used during exercise?

2. What is the main fuel used during a typical 30-60 minute intense aerobic exercise session?

3. Know what glucose tolerance is and how it is assessed and how exercise right before a carbohydrate containing meal can impact glucose tolerance.

4. Why does exercise right before a meal not improve or sometimes worsen glucose tolerance?

5. What is a main fuel used by muscle during LIPA in the 3 hours after eating carbohydrate?

6. How many kcal of glucose are typically in the blood?

7. Understand how muscle metabolism accounts for a small amount of carbohydrate oxidation when one is sitting inactive and not performing low intensity physical activity.

8. What is the main role of insulin in the blood for controlling blood glucose after a meal?

9. What is insulin resistance?

10.Will a modest 10% weight loss by dieting alone impact glucose tolerance or LDL cholesterol?

11.What is LPL (lipoprotein lipase) and what is its main function?

12.How does intense exercise impact the amount of LPL in your muscles?

13.How does high duration LIPA impact the amount of LPL that recruited slow twitch muscles have?

14.What fuels in the blood can be burned by active muscles during LIPA? Why is that important for health?