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History 110 Final Exam Study Guide The primary theme for the last part of the course is the cold war

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History 110 Final Exam Study Guide The primary theme for the last part of the course is the cold war. We will explore not only the geo-politically side of the cold war, but also its political, social, economic, and cultural impact in the US.. 1) What was the impact of the war on the home front, including efforts to mobilize the nation for war? How and why did WWII affect race relations? 2) What was the cold war? Be able to explain the origins and development of the cold war from the Yalta Conference up through the Korean War. Be sure to not only identify, but also explain how and why these events between 1945 and 1950 contributed to the escalating Cold War. Why was 1949 a key turning point in the early Cold War? 3) What were the origins/background to McCarthyism or the Great Fear? How did the changing Cold War directly shape the course and nature of the Great Fear? How did the Great Fear shape American culture, politics, and foreign policy in the late 40s and 50s? Be sure to consider Truman’s loyalty program, Hollywood, and major political figures like Nixon and McCarthy. 4) What factors contributed to a culture of conformity in 1950s America? Be sure to consider suburbanization, baby boomers, the Cold War, and television. What were some of the signs of resistance to this consensus and conformity and how did they challenge or resist this conformity culture? 5) Be able to explain the origins of and factors behind the rise of the Civil rights movement. What were the goals, strategies, methods, key events, and ideology that informed the Civil Rights Movement (my multi-prong attack idea)? Why was 1963 an important turning point in the freedom struggle and what successes did the movement achieve by 1965? What was Black Power and what key people or groups represented the idea? What were the key differences between the earlier freedom movement under Martin Luther King and the Black Power movement of late 1960s? Be sure to consider goals, strategies, methods, and ideology. 6) How did the larger cold war help shape or influence American views and participation in the Vietnam War? Explain the attitudes of and actions by American presidents from Truman to Nixon and how they viewed the war and the specific actions each took in the war. What were the key moments or turning points of the war from the late 40s to the mid-1970s? Why did the US lose this war? Finally, what was Eisenhower’s New Look Policy and how did it affect US actions and foreign policy? 7) What was Kennedy’s “New Frontier” and what explains why it was less effective? Why did JFK take more aggressive action on Civil Rights by 1963? How did the Cold War affect his policy and relations with Cuba? What was LBJ’s Great Society and how did it represent reemergence of liberalism in the US? Be sure to identify key agencies and acts of the Great Society. How the Vietnam War affect its potential? How did the Vietnam War affect American politics, including the antiwar protests? 8) Be able to explain the growing and varied challenge to mainstream, middle-class culture and society by American youth in the 1960s. Specifically, how did each of the following challenge mainstream culture and society? Be sure to consider the origins of each, the ideas and actions each took, and how they affected American society. a. --student movements like SDS b. --counterculture and hippies c. --Black Panthers 9) Be able to discuss the origins of the feminist movement in late 1960s. What were the two strands or sides of the movement and how did they differ? What were the successes and failures of the movement? 10) What are some of the reasons for the backlash against the 1960s beginning with the key events of 1968, the changing economy, and the Nixon years. What factors (ideas, events, organizations, etc) help explain the growth of the New Right conservative movement in the 1970s? What were the success and failures of the Carter administration? How did Ronald Reagan reflect the power and ideas of the New Right and how did this compare to the liberalism of LBJ? How did Reagan handle the economy and foreign policy differently? What were key areas of success and failure in the Reagan administration? 11) What explains the end of the Cold War? What factors help explain Bill Clinton’s victory in the 1992 presidential election? How did Clinton handle domestic and foreign policy? What were some of his successes and failures? What was the impact of the September 11th attacks on the US in terms of domestic and foreign policy? History 110 Spring 2021 Prof. Putman Midterm Exam Essay Answer 1 (one) of the following questions. Please read the questions carefully and answer each part of the question in a complete and full manner. Be sure to provide specific detail in your answer. In answering the question use only the materials from our course listed on the syllabus. You are not allowed to draw information from websites, Google, etc. Doing so may result in earning no points for that section of the question. You must submit your completed exam to the Turnitin.com link in the Week 8 Canvas Module no later than 10:05am Pacific time. 1) By the turn of the 20th century, domestic events and foreign policy became closely entwined. In other words, foreign policy increasingly reflected or shaped events at home in the United States. In an essay, discuss what domestic factors (events and issues within the United States) help explain why the United States government began to build a commercial overseas empire in the 1890s. In addition, how and why did WWI and the Red Scare affect both civil liberties (i.e. free speech) and the debate and changing course of immigration policy into the 1920s? Be sure to cite specific events and ideas in your answer. 2) In the late 19th century, the emergence of a national market economy and rapid industrialization profoundly affected the politics, economy, and class relations of American society. In an essay discuss the different ways both workers and farmers each attempted to confront the negative consequences of industrialization. Be sure to consider the specific issues or problems that each group wished to address or solve, the organizations and methods each used, and how effective (i.e. successes and failures) they were in doing so. Be sure to cite specific events and ideas in your answer. 3) The role of federal government in society has been a consistent theme of U.S. history since the Civil War. In particular, Americans have struggled with defining the relationship between the federal government and big business/corporations. In an essay discuss how the following three leaders saw the role of government: Andrew Carnegie, Teddy Roosevelt, and Franklin Roosevelt. Be sure to explain how each of them understood or defined the proper relationship between government and business. How did they explain or justify the nature of this relationship as they each saw it? Finally, what specific actions or steps (acts/legislation, events, writings, etc) did each take to change or influence the role of government when it came to big business? Be sure to cite specific events and ideas in your answer. History 110 Spring 2021 Final Exam Below are the questions for your final exam. Answer one (1) of the following questions. In preparing your answer draw upon both lecture and course readings. You have 2 hours to complete the exam. When you are finished, you must submit your exam electronically to Canvas’s Turnitin submission link no later than 10:00am. Please remember that you are not to use outside sources (web sites, outside readings not listed on the syllabus, Wikipedia, google searches, etc). 1) From the end of WWII to the collapse of the Berlin Wall, the Cold War profoundly shaped US foreign policy. In an essay discuss the origins of the Cold War from 1945 to the early 1950s. Be sure to indicate specifically the key steps (particular events or acts) and their contribution to the developing Cold War. In addition, how did the Cold War affect or shape America’s early role in Vietnam (1945-60) and Eisenhower’s New Look Policy? Be sure to indicate clearly how these specific events reflected the impact of the Cold War. 2) While the early to mid-1960s is known as period of liberalism marked by hope, optimism, and social/political advances, by the late 60s and into the 70s the nation veered to a more conservative right direction. What explains this shift? In your essay be sure to identify examples or reasons for the early era of hope and optimism. In addition, how did the role of politics, economics, culture, and/or foreign policy played in the shift from early 60s liberalism to the New Right conservatism? Finally, how did Ronald Reagan’s policies and beliefs reflect the New Right conservatism? Be sure to provide specific examples and details to support your argument. 3) During the 1950s the Cold War produced in America a society marked by conformity and consensus (i.e. lack of extremes) best illustrated by the white, middle-class life of "Leave it to Beaver" or "Ozzie and Harriet." The 1960s, however, witnessed a popular uprising against this vision of American culture. In an essay discuss both the origins and development, as well as key events and ideas associated with each. of the following social/political movements:1) the college student movement, including Students for a Democratic Society (SDS); 2) both the women’s rights and liberation movement; 3) the counterculture/hippies. In preparing your answer, be sure to explain how each specifically challenged mainstream culture and the success each had. Do not just describe each but explain how and why they represented a challenge. In 1946, the United States granted independence to the Philippines, a move hailed by nationalist movements in other colonies. But as the Cold War developed, the United States backed away from pressuring its European allies to move toward granting self-government to colonies like French Indochina, the Dutch East Indies, and British possessions like the Gold Coast and Nigeria in Africa and Malaya in Asia. American troops did the bulk of the fighting on this first battlefield of the Cold War. In September 1950, General Douglas MacArthur launched a daring counterattack at Inchon, behind North Korean lines. American troops did the bulk of the fighting on this first battlefield of the Cold War. In September 1950, General Douglas MacArthur launched a daring counterattack at Inchon, behind North Korean lines. The invading forces retreated northward, and MacArthur’s army soon occupied most of North Korea. Truman now hoped to unite Korea under a pro-American government. American troops did the bulk of the fighting on this first battlefield of the Cold War. In September 1950, General Douglas MacArthur launched a daring counterattack at Inchon, behind North Korean lines. The invading forces retreated northward, and MacArthur’s army soon occupied most of North Korea. Truman now hoped to unite Korea under a pro-American government. In 1946, a new wave of labor militancy swept the country. The AFL and CIO launched Operation Dixie, a campaign to bring unionization to the South and, by so doing, shatter the hold of anti-labor conservatives on the region’s politics. More than 200 labor organizers entered the region, seeking support especially in the southern textile industry, the steel industry in the Birmingham region, and agriculture. In the congressional elections of 1946, large numbers of middle-class voters, alarmed by the labor turmoil, voted Republican. Many workers, disappointed by Truman’s policies, stayed at home. This was a lethal combination for the Democratic Party. For the first time since the 1920s, Republicans swept to control of both houses of Congress.