Homework answers / question archive / The Final Project is a 15–20 page survey research methods proposal that will include: Title page Abstract Introduction Method References The project must be written in full APA style, including a minimum of 15 empirical references (including course text)

The Final Project is a 15–20 page survey research methods proposal that will include: Title page Abstract Introduction Method References The project must be written in full APA style, including a minimum of 15 empirical references (including course text)

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The Final Project is a 15–20 page survey research methods proposal that will include:

• Title page
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Method
• References

The project must be written in full APA style, including a minimum of 15 empirical references (including course text).

The Introduction and Method sections of the Final Project must include:

• Introduction
  • Identification of a specific problem
  • Purpose of study
  • Theory (at least one) that can be used to explain the relationship between the problem, purpose, and method, and drive the hypothesis(es)
  • Hypothesis(es)
• Method
  • Participants
  • Sampling
  • Measures and Materials
  • Protocol/Procedure
  • Data Analyses

Refer back to the Assignment and Final Project Writing Rubric as a guideline for evaluating your work. This rubric is in the form of a checklist. Your Instructor will also use this rubric to grade your Final Project. Be sure to address all aspects of the rubric if you want to earn full points on this Final Project Assignment.

SURVEY RESEARCH Survey Research Methods Larry Standfield Walden University Introduction In identifying the purpose and effect of phenomena, we use research to explain these related areas. Research organizations define statistical problems, formulate the tested hypothesis, accumulate, organize, and examine data to perform inferential statistics. There are four significant forms of research strategies used, specifically; descriptive research, survey research, research, quantitative and qualitative research, and empirical research (Westaby, 2006). This paper defines and explains survey research, offers the strength and weaknesses of survey research, and identifies the sort of questions addressed using the research type. It also presents a study question and explains how survey research can reply to the problem. Survey Research personally asked questions both in person, using questionnaires, cell phones, or online resources are accrued in survey research. The method of carrying out surveys is described as a form of primary research, whereby the researcher receives first-hand records from the respondents. The information accumulated is analyzed and used in different sorts of secondary research. Survey research gathers respondents' beliefs, evaluations, and feelings, accordingly making it appropriate for demographic sampling. The demographics investigated are based totally on gender, age, earnings, and ethnicity. The common forms of surveys include questionnaires and interviews that include polls, evaluations, and multiple-choice questionnaires (Groves, 2009). The distribution of those questionnaires occurs through group-administered polls, drop-offs, and mail surveys. Interviews are preferred as they are a more unique research shape than questionnaires and may be held in one-on-one interviews or over the telephone. This component makes it suitable for use in the business, academic, and government sectors. The government and schools use the research's demographic nature to gain greater insight into their population to useful resources in decision-making policies. Furthermore, the government utilized the facts to serve its citizens higher and used by politicians to figure out in which they've the most support and the general public's general opinion on politics. Organizations use survey research to gain more information on consumer preferences and opinions on their services or products. They use this information to modify their merchandise to meet customer opinions better, creating a competitive advantage. In survey research, there are several problems to consider when developing a survey, consisting of wording, query placement, question series, and content. Those choices tend to have an effect on the solutions given by respondents and introduce bias. The survey's content material ought to apply to the study question and must provide particular inquiries to make them clear to respondents. The wording of the questions must be clear and understandable to the respondent. The question sequence needs to start using breaking the ice by asking simple questions first because it progresses to tougher ones. The questions' position aims to make the respondents ease, consequently increasing their chances of responding effectively. Strength and Weakness Survey researches are a top-notch way to acquire plenty of data from a massive sample size. for instance, in a study of middle-aged people's stories at work, researchers distribute questionnaires via mail surveys and distribute them to 500 working-class people living inside the country of California at the value of $250. $250 is a lot of cash, but the extra money would be if the researcher decided to visit the 500 people individually, but the two strategies collect the same amount of data. Survey research decreases the cost of surveying even as gathering more data from the population makes them cost-effective. If the survey had been to deplete the money set apart to examine $ 1000, the researcher would have to quadruple the sample size, accordingly collecting extra data at a decrease price. Survey researches lack depth due to the fact their questions are standardized. Standardization makes it challenging to ask complex respondent questions about the study area and confines the researcher to invite general problems with a broader range. Due to this fact, the consequences might also lack validity instead of data collection methods that allow the researcher to ask more comprehensive questions on the topic of interest. For example, studies in Africa might ask citizens if they had been willing to vote for a white president. The query is standard and covers each male and white lady aspirants, making it lack validity. If the question becomes, could you vote for a white lady as president? It would cover all the aspects that require similar research and unearth most people's opinions of women in power. Types of research questions that can be addressed Survey research addresses the descriptive type of questions. Descriptive questions seek to describe a condition that causes something to happen or the characteristics in a specific state of affairs. These questions are answered depending on the observational skills of the researcher. It also uses data collection tools and techniques to accumulate data for further analysis and uses studies on the topic. Survey researchers describe the conditions that cause something to happen or the characteristics that exist in a selected scenario. for instance, survey researchers can use the study's query, might you elect a female president? The question is geared toward coming across the perceptions of residents concerning women in electricity. The query seeks to research the characteristics behind male favoritism and female's low social reputation within the political area (Westaby, 2006). research question How do leadership styles affect worker motivation? how it uses the survey worker motivation is dependent on the incentives employed by the control. The question uses survey research because it seeks to find out the conditions behind worker motivation. The study is to be carried out through mailing if questionnaires to companies and printing hard copies for every employee to fill. The demographic question will include the age and gender of the respondents and their period of working for the organization (converse, 2017). Conclusion individually asked a question either in person, through questionnaires, mobile phones, or online resources are collected in survey research. The survey technique is termed as a form of primary research wherein the researcher gets first-hand data from the respondents. Survey researches are an excellent way to collect plenty of information from a significant sample size. Survey researches lack depth since their questions are standardized. Standardization makes it challenging to ask the respondent hard questions on the area of study and confines the researcher to ask general questions with a broader range. Survey research addresses the descriptive type of questions. Descriptive questions seek to describe the condition that causes something to occur or the characteristics in a particular situation. These questions are answered relying on the observational skills of the researcher. References Converse, J. M., (2017). Survey research in the United States: Roots and emergence 1890-1960. Routledge Groves, R. M., Fowler, F. J. Jr., Couper, M. P., Lepkowski, J. M., Singer, E., & Tourangeau, R. (2009). Survey methodology (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Westaby, J. D., (2006). How different survey techniques can impact consultant recommendations: A scientist-practitioner study comparing two popular methods. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 58(4), 195-205. Retrieving from the Walden Library using the PsycARTICLES database. PSYC 8202 Survey Research Methods Research Proposal Final Project Guidelines The Final Project involves the development of a survey research methods proposal. The purpose of the project is to provide experience in the development of a proposed study that will employ survey research methods, within a full APA style scientific writing context. Grading is based on both structure and content. To earn full credit for each section, (a) writing must be clear, well organized, grammatically correct, and written in APA style (6th ed.); and (b) content must fully cover the relevant topic. Point distribution by section is indicated below. Abstract and Introduction 40% Method 40% Structure (general writing) 10% Structure (APA style) 10% Total 100% Please pay particular attention to the following as you develop and write your proposal: • The research question(s) should evolve from a clear theoretical-empirical rationale. Thus, the question(s) you propose should reflect a thorough review of the existing research and theory related to your topic, and propose to address currently unanswered questions or insufficiently investigated issues (e.g., as reflected by gaps in existing knowledge). • The research method should be appropriate for the research question(s) and include the use of survey research methods and data collection strategies. • The rationale for the use of survey research methods and the specific survey research methods design needs to be made explicit. • The methodology of the study should be written in sufficient detail to permit replication of the study’s procedures by others, and should include proposed: (a) participants and procedures for selection (sampling); (b) scales to be used including psychometric review; (c) protocol and procedure; (c) data collection techniques; (d) data analyses techniques, driven by theory and hypotheses, and including psychometric-related analyses and; (e) ethical procedures for ensuring protection of research participants. Please follow the guidelines presented here closely. Failure to include all relevant sections and information will result in loss of points. It is often the case that students are working on thesis or dissertation topics within this course. Students are certainly encouraged to do so, however, submission of your actual thesis/dissertation prospectus or proposal for the Final Project is not acceptable. The proposal must be developed according to the Final Project Guidelines. 2012 ©Laureate Education, Inc. The following are the minimum required sections (Level 1 headings in APA style 6th ed.) The Introduction and Method sections of the Final Project must include: • Introduction o Identification of a specific problem (problem statement and problem sentence) o Purpose of study o Background/literature o Theory (at least two testable theories) that drive the hypotheses and can be used to explain the relationship between the problem and purpose, method and goal of the study, as well as empirical and methodological justification for the variable relationships. o Hypothesis(es) +Utility statement (generalizability and social change) • Method o Participants o Sampling o Measures and Materials (full psychometric delineated detail required) o Protocol/Procedure o Data Analyses (including psychometric analyses as well as hypotheses testing analytics) o Ethical Guidelines The Research Proposal should include the following sections (following standard APA style 6th ed.) Introduction Problem, Purpose, Theoretical, Empirical, and Methodological Rationale This section provides the advanced organizer for your paper and should include a brief discussion of the purpose and rationale for the proposed study. Your study should evolve from a clearly articulated theoretical, empirical, and methodological foundation. Thus, the purpose, questions, and methods should be based on a thorough review of existing theories and research related to your topic. Within the problem statement, a specific problem/issue sentence must be included. [Remember that the proposed study should address unanswered or unclear questions or insufficiently investigated issues (e.g., reflecting gaps in existing knowledge). Also, the “gap” is not the problem, it is an outcome of the actual problem.] This section must include a brief, well-articulated summary of the theory/theories and research that provide the foundation for your study. You must include a theoretical framework using 2-3 testable theories that will drive your hypotheses. Each theory must be presented and reviewed, and the framework justified and defended. In addition, the section should include a brief well-articulated rationale for the use of survey research methods and the specific design you have chosen. Review of Literature This section should include an integrated review of the theories, research findings, and methods relevant to your topic. The section should be written in a critical style (i.e., constructive critique of existing research, theory, methods) and reflect an integration of information across studies. Thus, this section should not consist of ‘summaries’ of individual studies, but should be focused on your interpretation and summarizing of the research across studies. The review should be based primarily on research published in peer-reviewed journals. In addition, discussions of theory should include reference to the original sources (e.g., if you are using Bandura’s social learning theory as your 2012 ©Laureate Education, Inc. theoretical basis, then you should go the Bandura’s writing on his theory and include these original sources in your paper). Research Question(s) The research question(s) should evolve from the theoretical-empirical and methodological rationale described previously. Thus, the question(s) you propose should address currently unanswered questions or insufficiently investigated issues (e.g., as reflected by gaps in existing knowledge). Questions must be stated in question format. Hypothesis(es) The hypotheses should be driven by the theoretical framework, and be a natural, testable extension of the research question(s). Your hypotheses must be testable using operationally-defined reliable and valid measures. Rationale for Use of Survey Research Methods Design Near the end of the introduction, you will include a discussion of the rationale for the choice of survey research methods research and specific data collection methods, including a discussion of the specific survey research methods design that you propose to use. This discussion should include relevant citations (e.g., methodology texts and articles). The rationale should address the following questions: (a) Why is survey research methods research appropriate to answer your research questions? (b) Why are you using survey research methods compared to other methods? You need to make a case and justify your survey research methods approach in comparison to other approaches (e.g., in-depth interviews, focus groups, archival data). Utility Statement At the end of the introduction, you clearly and parsimoniously state your theoretically-driven hypotheses followed by a utility statement(s). The utility statement is essentially a statement regarding social change and generalizability (e.g., Results from this study will be used to…). Method This section describes in detail the proposed methods, including participants, sampling, context(s)/location(s), materials and measures, procedure and protocol, data analyses, and ethical issues. The method section is like the guidebook or set of instructions for conducting your study, and should be described in sufficient detail so that others could replicate the procedures that you propose. The methodology section must include the following subsections: Context of the Study Describe the location where you plan to conduct the study, for example, the community or organization where the study will take place. Participants/Sample Whom do you propose to include in your study, that is, your intended sample? For each participant group, describe the sample size; and provide a rationale for number of participants, with appropriate citations. Describe the characteristics (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, member of particular group) of the participants that are necessary to meet your study requirements—note that this should match those described in the previous research rationale section. Measures and Materials In survey research methods research, ALL items that are included are presented in this section. This is essentially the toolbox, where all of the various scales, items, and often sections are delineated in 2012 ©Laureate Education, Inc. detail. Of particular importance is the delineated presentation of the psychometric properties of the scales and measures that will be used. You will include reliability and validity statistics, as well as information as to whether the tools have been used and validated on samples similar to yours. You also note whether adaptations have been made and any additional modifications to the existing empirical protocol. Procedure and Protocol This section refers to the procedures that will guide the implementation of your study, and should include the following sections. Note that most of these procedures also are included in the IRB application, although in less detail. Ethical Procedures This section should include the procedures you will have in place to ensure ethical protection of participants. The content of this section should parallel procedures outlined in the IRB application, including procedures for gaining permission to work within an organization, contacting participants, securing informed consent (include a description of what participants will be told in the consent form), and ensuring protection of the rights of participants (e.g., how you plan to ensure confidentiality, minimize harm, make appropriate referrals, etc.). Data Analyses Describe how you would approach data analysis. This section is driven by your hypotheses. You will list each hypothesis, in order, and also include which specific statistical analysis would be used to test that hypothesis. For example, To test the hypothesis that depression perceived stress and anxiety, and coping scores are predictive of the satisfaction with life score, a standard multiple regression will be performed. In addition, you will describe in detail the strategies you will use to interpret your analyses, how you plan to integrate results from the hypotheses into a form related to what you indicated in your utility statement. You will also indicate whether the research questions and hypotheses are expected to be supported, and the relationship to the theoretical framework. Dissemination of Findings. This section, the last paragraph of the assignment, should include a description of how you plan to disseminate the findings of the study. Be sure to identify the potential audiences (e.g., professional discipline, local community, policy makers, participants), and the strategies for preparing data for the respective audiences (e.g., newspaper article for local community, journal article for your discipline, academic conference). 2012 ©Laureate Education, Inc. 1 Method Section Larry Standfield Walden University 04/26/2021 2 Method Section The section provides the research methodology that will enhance the ability to research a systematic approach necessary to obtain the proposed research objective and goals while answering the research questions. Kumar (2018) noted that research methodology entails the specific techniques used in identification, selection, processing, and analyzing data related to a particular subject. Context of the Study The study will seek to investigate how the leadership styles affect worker's motivation in an organization. In this case, the study will occur in an organization, where employees will be provided with a mailed questionnaire to participate in the research process. For ease of undertaking the study, the research will occur in California in time and limited resources. Therefore, the workers will form the analysis unit to address the hypothetical statement and answer the proposed research questions. Participants/Samples According to Flick (2015), the study participants are the subject under statistical observation, either experimental or human subject recruited to provide the needed responses related to a topic under investigation. Besides, the study will seek to have a sample of at least 500 participants to enhance the ability to realize the normalization of the collected data. Appointing the significant large sample size for the study would also strengthen the ability to move the responses together, leading to the approximate reactions in the research that have minimal or no deviation from the population findings. Zamboni (2019) noted that a large sample size enhances the ability to minimize the margin of error, thereby strengthening the inferences' accuracy. On the other hand, Faber and Fonseca (2014) pointed out that smaller sample sizes 3 inhibit the ability of a researcher to extrapolate the statistical findings. Therefore, using a large sample size in this study will help generalize the results to the entire population of workers in various organizations from a psychological viewpoint. In this research, the participant will include employees from the selected company, primarily the non-management staff, working in different departments in the selected organization. The choice of the participants was necessary for this research because the main objective to examine how the leadership style influences the workers' motivation in an institution. Measures and Materials The research will utilize a standardized questionnaire disseminated to the study population to collect the respective information related to the study objective, research questions, and hypothetical statements. The questionnaire formulation will consider different psychometric properties to enhance accurate capture data related to the employee motivation based on the immediate supervisor's leadership styles, which form a significant psychological aspect in this study. Asunta (2019) defined psychometric properties as the characteristics described by tests and other measures that involve human elements that help identify and describe the various attributes, for instance, the appropriateness of the utilization of aspects and augmenting the reliability of the test results. Besides, the survey questionnaire will help determine the quantitative information used in the study analysis focused on addressing the hypothetical statements and the research questions. According to Mohajan (2018), quantitative research methodology investigates different phenomena using numerical data collected in various ways, such as the survey questionnaires or performing experiments and recording the numerical findings. In this case, the research will seek to examine both the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation scales attributed to the 4 leadership styles exhibited by the leaders in different departments. However, the primary focus of the research will entail the extrinsic motivation due to leadership styles that different leaders in the organization practice. Reliability and Validity of the Study Mohajan (2017) noted the reliability and validity of the study form the most significant attribute in any study, forming the fundamental features in the assessment of the research instrument and the tool's capacity to yield excellent research. Research reliability entails the degree to which a study provides stable and consistent outcomes. Notably, one could consider a specific measure as reliable if applying the same objects provided the same results after undertaking several measures. The validity of research entails the accuracy of the technique measures based on what a study evaluates; high validity implies that research produced results that correspond to the actual properties and characteristics with minimal variation from the true population. The research instrument will be formulated for this study. Thus, the researcher will launch the pilot study to ensure that the developed data collection tool adheres to reliability by producing consistent results for different collection undertaken before conducting the actual research. Ensuring the validity and reliability of this research minimizes the measurement error that affects the capacity to find significant outcomes and results in the function of the scores in preparation of the comprehensive study. In this case, the reliability and validity of this research will enhance the data collection and findings that are sound and replicable for similar futures, fostering the realization of accurate study results. The research will address the threat to validity to facilitate the ability to generalize the study findings across institutions to foster employee motivation that culminates in augment the 5 performance and productivity of workers in a company. The threats to the validity of the investigation are either internal or external. Khorsan and Crawford (2014) depicted that the threats to the external validity of the inquiry include selection biases, which this study will avoid by using a simple random selection, a probability sampling technique that offers every employee an equal chance to participate in the data collection process. Procedure and Protocol The research will seek approval from Institutional Review Board (IRB) to conduct the study and adhere to the recommended standard procedures and protocols. Noteworthy, IRB is an administrative body that facilitated the determination to protect human subjects recruited to participate in the research, particularly employees in the affiliated institution. IRB has the authority to approve the research process and request modification to secure approval or disapproving investigation. In this case, seeking IRB approval will help ensure the study's power to inform various aspects of the worker's motivation based on the corresponding leadership styles exhibited by managers in the appointed company. Ethical Procedures The research will consider various ethical issues to enhance the ability to attain the aims and objectives of the study. Ethical considerations will heighten the authenticity of the research work, promoting the validity and reliability of the research. One of the ethical considerations will be to obtain the necessary authorization from the faculty to ensure the study's credibility. The second ethical consideration will be to get requisite approval from selected company Management to collect data from their employees and company premises. The permission will include assuring the management team that the collected info will be used for this study to examine the impact of the leadership styles on employee motivation in an 6 institution. Besides, as part of ethical consideration, the research will provide the leadership with the findings and the recommended actions to enhance employee motivation based on various adopted leadership styles by different supervisors in the company. Lastly, the study will utilize an informed consent form that the employee will be required to sign, assuring their anonymity and the purpose of collecting the information. Data Analyses In conducting research, data analysis forms a significant aspect in the process of undertaking research work. Data analysis entails the procedure utilized to inspect, clean, transform, and model data to discover vital information and inform study conclusions. The study will use various statistical tools to enhance the data analysis process. This study's research tool will primarily be the Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The tools will help in analyzing the data and responding to the research questions. Therefore, with Microsoft Excel's help, the researcher will be able to feed the data from the questionnaire and use the SPSS tool to analyze the data. The data will play a vital role in the discussion and interpretation section and prove the hypothetical statement. The study will utilize various statistical model such as ANOVA to determine the significance of the collected information related to the employee motivation scales (dependent variable) and the leadership styles (independent variable) measures as categorical attributes in this case, for instance, democratic, autocratic, coaching, and authoritative leadership styles among others. Dissemination of Findings The finding from the study will be disseminated using various tools, which will include the reports and PowerPoint presentations to the relevant personnel. 7 References Asunta, P. (2019, September 7). Psychometric properties of observational tools for identifying motor difficulties – a systematic review. BMC Pediatrics. https://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12887-019-1657-6 Faber, J., & Fonseca, L. M. (2014). How sample size influences research outcomes. Dental press journal of orthodontics, 19(4), 27–29. https://doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.19.4.027029.ebo Flick, U. (2015). Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Khorsan, R., & Crawford, C. (2014). External validity and model validity: a conceptual approach for systematic review methodology. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014. Kumar, R. (2018). Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners. Sage. Mohajan, H. K. (2017). Two criteria for good measurements in research: Validity and reliability. Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series, 17(4), 59-82. Mohajan, H. K. (2018). Qualitative research methodology in social sciences and related subjects. Journal of Economic Development, Environment, and People, 7(1), 23-48. Zamboni, J. (2019, March 2). The Advantages of a Large Sample Size. Sciencing. https://sciencing.com/advantages-large-sample-size-7210190.html Learning Resources Required Readings Asking Questions: The Definitive Guide to Questionnaire Design • Chapter 11, "Questionnaires From Start to Finish" DeVellis, R. F. (2017). Scale development: Theory and applications (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. • Chapter 8, "Measurement in the Broader Research Context" Christian, L. M., Dillman, D. A., & Smyth, J. D. (2007). Helping respondents get it right the first time: The influence of words, symbols, and graphics in web surveys. Public Opinion Quarterly, 71(1), 113–125. Ward, E., Disch, W. B., Levy, J., & Schensul, J. J. (2004). Perception of HIV/AIDS risk among urban, low-income senior housing residents. AIDS Education and Prevention, 16, 571–588.