Homework answers / question archive / Elements of the Module Introduction HS1108 – History of Science Welcome to Module 1, “The Foundations” By the end of this module, you will question how concepts of science developed and changed from the ancient times through the Age of Reason

Elements of the Module Introduction HS1108 – History of Science Welcome to Module 1, “The Foundations” By the end of this module, you will question how concepts of science developed and changed from the ancient times through the Age of Reason

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Elements of the Module Introduction HS1108 – History of Science Welcome to Module 1, “The Foundations” By the end of this module, you will question how concepts of science developed and changed from the ancient times through the Age of Reason. The Greeks began the western ideas of science, but linked it with all other aspects of learning. The Romans looked at science (including technology) from a purely practical viewpoint. As learning declined in medieval Europe, the ideas of the ancients became literally gospel. Those who challenged these ideas found themselves in a struggle over more than just concepts. Outside of Europe, science flourished. The ideas of China, India, and the Islamic world far exceeded what was developing in the west. In fact, it was the west’s interest in acquiring the products of these areas that led to the vast boom in world trade. We will also see how the theories of Newton impacted not only his times, but science down to the present era. Learning Outcomes 1. Identify how scientific concepts developed in the ancient world, and how these helped/hindered modern thought. 2. Interpret the effects of the new sciences & technology on western cultures. 3. Analyze the variety of inventions and theories that laid the foundation for scientific progress. LEARNING ACTIVITES Readings Teaching content LEARNING ACTIVITES All course reading assigned for each module will be posted on Canvas. There is no textbook for this course. Instructions for obtaining these readings (for example, links to pertinent websites) will be provided within the module in which they are assigned. Constructing Your Comprehension: • • History of Science: Module 1 Study Guide Images: We will utilize dozens of pictures and illustration from the periods to assist us in visualizing the impact of scientific ideas • Discussion: It is essential for students to concentrate on the “how and why” in order to enhance their understanding of events, rather than simple recall of facts. Students are encouraged to utilize their learning to freely discuss important objectives within the scope of the class. • Preparation (text) to help you distinguish events: *Gower’s Scientific Method: A Historical and Philosophical Introduction *Dolnick’s The Clockwork Universe: Isaac Newton, the Royal Society, and the Birth of the Modern World • Preparation (video) to help you visualize events: *Complex Geometry of Islamic Design https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pg1NpMmPv48 *Galileo and Why He Was Convicted of Heresy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d9OkDLd-iw *Neil Degrasse Tyson on Isaac Newton https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6_UVBAfdHA ASSIGNMENTS ASSIGNMENTS Assignments Assessments are designed to measure students’ comprehension core concepts, utilize vital data, and demonstrate comprehension of learning objectives. There will be five quizzes this semester and two reflection papers. Each quiz is worth 10 points, and each paper 15 points (attendance and discussion groups comprise the other 20% of your grade). Reflection Two short papers that focus on a concept or topic of interest to you. We will outline the requirements in detail. Paper Quiz (10 points) HS1108 Quiz 1 Conversations We will utilize our Zoom meetings, Canvas, etc., to discuss outside of class topics that you raise. Acceptable usage protocols are expected. • Everyone is expected to contribute • Make a meaningful reply (a simple “I agree” is insufficient) • Utilize feedback on your comment from others and from instructor • Proper grammar, punctuation, etiquette is required Elements of the Module Introduction HS1108 – History of Science Welcome to Module 2, “Medicine & Medical Practices” By the end of this module, you will question how theories related to infectious diseases were developed The medical practices that exit today would appear magical to men alive less than a century ago. Medical treatments grew from superstition and guess-work through modern pathology only through decades of debate and challenges. The development and proofing of the Germ Theory was to be a milestone in human history. We will also see how specific diseases ravaged the western world, and what lessons were learned from them Learning Outcomes 1. Identify factors that contributed to the growth of the medical profession as a true science. 2. Interpret the effects of scientists to build evidence for the acceptance of the Germ Theory 3. Analyze the causes and effects of disease, and how they also expanded mankind’s knowledge of its own vulnerability. LEARNING ACTIVITES Readings LEARNING ACTIVITES All course reading assigned for each module will be posted on Canvas. There is no textbook for this course. Instructions for obtaining these readings (for example, links to pertinent websites) will be provided within the module in which they are assigned. Teaching content Constructing Your Comprehension: • • HS1108 Study Guide Module 2: Medicine & Diseases Images: We will utilize dozens of pictures and illustration from the periods to assist us in visualizing the impact of scientific ideas Discussion: It is essential for students to concentrate on the “how • • and why” in order to enhance their understanding of events, rather than simple recall of facts. Students are encouraged to utilize their learning to freely discuss important objectives within the scope of the class. Preparation (text) to help you distinguish events: *Fitzharris’ The Butchering Art Preparation (video) to help you visualize events: *Surgery in Victorian Times (a bit grizzly) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8WbrS0O5FE *Florence Nightingale: Changing the Field of Nursing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B94Zf4Vye3Y *The Deadliest Pandemic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L6jTMacxzkI ASSIGNMENTS ASSIGNMENTS Assignments Assessments are designed to measure students’ comprehension core concepts, utilize vital data, and demonstrate comprehension of learning objectives. There will be five quizzes this semester and two reflection papers. Each quiz is worth 10 points, and each paper 15 points (attendance and discussion groups comprise the other 20% of your grade). Reflection You will be working on your reflection paper. It is a 1-2 page written reflection, and we will discuss the specifications together. Paper Quiz HS1108 Quiz 2 (10 points) Conversations We will utilize our Zoom meetings, Canvas, etc., to discuss outside of class topics that you raise. Acceptable usage protocols are expected. • Everyone is expected to contribute • Make a meaningful reply (a simple “I agree” is insufficient) • Utilize feedback on your comment from others and from instructor • Proper grammar, punctuation, etiquette is required Elements of the Module Introduction HS1108 – History of Science Welcome to Module 3, “Ethical Practices” By the end of this module, you will question how ethical practices developed and why they are often bypassed. We all assume that we will be treated respectfully when we are sick or injured, and that the professionals are honorable people. Yet throughout history average civilians have been subjected to practices that we would deem barbaric. However, these practices were generally carried out by educated people who openly justified what they did. We will also see how proper research may be misused, what role human error plays in ethics, and the question of value to “the greater good”. Learning Outcomes 1. Identify factors that contributed to the growth ethical practices 2. Interpret the effects of examples of ethical violations, and why they happened. 3. Analyze the role of misinterpretation and human error plays in ethical research.. LEARNING ACTIVITES Readings LEARNING ACTIVITES All course reading assigned for each module will be posted on Canvas. There is no textbook for this course. Instructions for obtaining these readings (for example, links to pertinent websites) will be provided within the module in which they are assigned. Teaching content Constructing Your Comprehension: HS1108 Study Guide Module 3: Ethics • • Images: We will utilize dozens of pictures and illustration from the periods to assist us in visualizing the impact of scientific ideas Discussion: It is essential for students to concentrate on the “how and why” in order to enhance their understanding of events, rather • than simple recall of facts. Students are encouraged to utilize their learning to freely discuss important objectives within the scope of the class. Preparation (text) to help you distinguish events: * The Wannsee Protocol https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/wannsee.asp • Preparation (video) to help you visualize events: *The Tuskegee Syphilis Study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3tQ93fQf8U *Chernobyl: What Really Happened? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eB1vfga9Y_c *History of Medical Ethics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6NuAPBTOt0M ASSIGNMENTS ASSIGNMENTS Assignments Assessments are designed to measure students’ comprehension core concepts, utilize vital data, and demonstrate comprehension of learning objectives. There will be five quizzes this semester and two reflection papers. Each quiz is worth 10 points, and each paper 15 points (attendance and discussion groups comprise the other 20% of your grade). Reflection No paper is assigned, but reflect on your feelings related to this topic. Paper Quiz HS1108: Quiz 3 (10 points) Conversations We will utilize our Zoom meetings, Canvas, etc., to discuss outside of class topics that you raise. Acceptable usage protocols are expected. • Everyone is expected to contribute • Make a meaningful reply (a simple “I agree” is insufficient) • Utilize feedback on your comment from others and from instructor • Proper grammar, punctuation, etiquette is required Elements of the Module Introduction HS1108 – History of Science Welcome to Module 4, “Conflict”. By the end of this module, you will question the ways in which science and technology have increased humans’ ability to damage themselves. It has been suggested that the reason the first caveman picked up a rock was to throw it at another caveman. While we assume that all technology arose out of the desire to improve life, much of it came from the opposite direction. Even many inventions that are beneficial today started out from a military need. Much of the technology of ancient Rome was devised to provide practical assistance to the legions; even the roads were built to make troops more mobile. In this module we will study how the 20th century was the deadliest thanks to science. We will also discuss how science and technology were used for political purposes Learning Outcomes 1. Identify military factors that contributed to advancements in technology. 2. Interpret the effects of atomic/nuclear power, both scientifically and politically. 3. Analyze the role of cyber-security in the modern world. LEARNING ACTIVITES Readings LEARNING ACTIVITES All course reading assigned for each module will be posted on Canvas. There is no textbook for this course. Instructions for obtaining these readings (for example, links to pertinent websites) will be provided within the module in which they are assigned. Teaching content Constructing Your Comprehension: HS1108 Study Guide 4 • Images: We will utilize dozens of pictures and illustration from the periods to assist us in visualizing the impact of scientific ideas • Discussion: It is essential for students to concentrate on the “how and why” in order to enhance their understanding of events, rather than simple recall of facts. Students are encouraged to utilize their learning to freely discuss important objectives within the scope of the class. • Preparation (text) to help you distinguish events: *Boot’s War Made New: Technology, Warfare and the Course of History • Preparation (video) to help you visualize events: *Tech Developments of World War 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7v3cq1ZJjM *Hiroshima: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wxWNAM8Cso *5 Most Devastating Cyber Attacks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJc3viPKXk4 ASSIGNMENTS ASSIGNMENTS Assignments Assessments are designed to measure students’ comprehension core concepts, utilize vital data, and demonstrate comprehension of learning objectives. There will be five quizzes this semester and two reflection papers. Each quiz is worth 10 points, and each paper 15 points (attendance and discussion groups comprise the other 20% of your grade). Reflection No paper is assigned, but reflect on your feelings related to this topic. Paper Quiz HS1108 Quiz 4 (10 points) Conversations We will utilize our Zoom meetings, Canvas, etc., to discuss outside of class topics that you raise. Acceptable usage protocols are expected. • Everyone is expected to contribute • Make a meaningful reply (a simple “I agree” is insufficient) • Utilize feedback on your comment from others and from instructor • Proper grammar, punctuation, etiquette is required Elements of the Module Introduction HS1108 – History of Science Welcome to Module 5, “Technology” By the end of this module, you will question how various forms of technological innovations developed and how they impacted the human experience. We cannot imagine our lives without our technology. It provides us with our creature comforts, our toys, our appliances, our sports, and so much more. It has also at times supplied us with some things that are not so good for us. In this unit we will compare scientific and technological growth through over the past 200 years, and see their cause and effect. We will also see how technology fails and the many reasons behind these failures. Learning Outcomes 1. Identify factors that contributed to the growth of technology over the years 2. Interpret the effects technology on the human condition. 3. Analyze the factors that contribute to the failure of technology. LEARNING ACTIVITES LEARNING ACTIVITES Readings All course reading assigned for each module will be posted on Canvas. There is no textbook for this course. Instructions for obtaining these readings (for example, links to pertinent websites) will be provided within the module in which they are assigned. Teaching content Constructing Your Comprehension: HS1108 Study Guide 5: Technology • • Images: We will utilize dozens of pictures and illustration from the periods to assist us in visualizing the impact of scientific ideas Discussion: It is essential for students to concentrate on the “how and why” in order to enhance their understanding of events, rather than simple recall of facts. Students are encouraged to utilize their learning • • to freely discuss important objectives within the scope of the class. Preparation (text) to help you distinguish events: * Schlager’s When Technology Fails Preparation (video) to help you visualize events: *Tacoma Bridge https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XggxeuFDaDU *Pinto Crash Test https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgOxWPGsJNY *CNN’s Challenger Report https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfnvFnzs91s *Crash of Flight 4590 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4zeDsSJmcpM ASSIGNMENTS ASSIGNMENTS Assignments Assessments are designed to measure students’ comprehension core concepts, utilize vital data, and demonstrate comprehension of learning objectives. There will be five quizzes this semester and two reflection papers. Each quiz is worth 10 points, and each paper 15 points (attendance and discussion groups comprise the other 20% of your grade). Reflection Your 2nd Reflection Paper will be due. We will go over expectations in detail. Paper Quiz (10 points) HS1108: Quiz #5 1. Most of the technological developments of the Industrial Revolution were derived from this simple invention: _____Cotton Gin _____Steam Engine _____Canals 2. Many of the technological advances of the 1920s utilized this energy source: Coal_____ Oil_____ Electricity_____ 3. America dominated the world’s consumer automotive industry from the 1920s into the early 1970s. T or F 4. Not a technological advancement during the post-WW2 period • First movies with sound • Television available to consumers • Expansion of Airline Industry 5. The prosperity of the 1950s and 1980s lead to increase markets for new and improved technology. T or F 6. Not a technological development of the 1980s: Home Entertainment Systems_____ IPads_____ Mobile Phones_____ 7. Star Wars Technology referred to the Soviet Union’s plan to supply their allies with laser weapons. T or F 8. Not usually a reason for technological failure Occam’s Razor_____ Haste______ Costcutting_____ 9. Technology in sports does not: • Produce safer equipment for athletes • Provide fans with greater access to numerous sports • Assure each owner makes a significant profit Define PED _____________________________________________________ _____ Conversations We will utilize our Zoom meetings, Canvas, etc., to discuss outside of class topics that you raise. Acceptable usage protocols are expected. • Everyone is expected to contribute • Make a meaningful reply (a simple “I agree” is insufficient) • Utilize feedback on your comment from others and from instructor • Proper grammar, punctuation, etiquette is required