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Animal Behaviors Using Focal and Scanning Methods Introduction: Use the abbreviated citation form

Sociology

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Animal Behaviors Using Focal and Scanning Methods Introduction: Use the abbreviated citation form. (Gilby et al., 2010) Gru no need to quote the study title erra Animal behavior is a combination of different fields of sciences such as Ethology, Psychology, and Ecology, that talks about how animals behave and how this behavior affects human life. Also, it is studied based on how the animals act within the environment they live in, and how they socially interact in it. It is important to study animal behavior so that people will have the idea of how these species cope within their environment, as well as how they are able to survive natural selection. In relation to this, there are many types of sampling methods used to study animal behavior. Two of these, those used in the study, are Scan Sampling, where in the behavior of all members of the group is being recorded at time intervals; and Focal Sampling, where in the behavior or activities of an individual is being recorded whenever it changes for a specific period (Breed, M. D., Moore, J. 2016). Gilby, I. C., Pokempner, A. A., & Wrangham, R.W., (2011), in their study "A Direct Comparison of Scan and Focal Sampling Methods for Measuring Wild Chimpanzee Feeding Behaviour", states that although focal sampling is the gold standard sampling method for observing animal behavior, there are instances that this method is inappropriate. Using Scan Sampling, the observer was able to note the activities done by the samples as a whole and individually such as resting, traveling, feeding, and social climbing within a specific period. However, activities done individually were not emphasized. In focal sampling on the other hand, activities observed were emphasized however, only one sample was observed and the other sample within the population's activities were not recorded thus comparison cannot be made. There are different known factors considered in this study such as the species of the sample, the sampling method used, as well as the triggering factor of the activity done by the sample. However, to justify the study, which is to really determine how animals behave, it is important to know the unknown which is the status of the environment the sample lives in as well as how the samples are treated since this factor may contribute to samples individually or as a group. It is also important to know if being raised in a controlled environment produces different behaviors compared to living in the wild. The goal of the study is to compare focal and scan sampling methods in studying the behavior of different species of monkeys namely Colobus angolensis, Pongo sp., Pan paniscus, and Sapajus apella. In relation to this, the species are observed to know how they behave individually and as a group, or if being in a group has an impact on a species' behavior, how they interact socially, and how they respond or study their environment. The questions asked in the study involve whether there is a difference in the data collected on primate behavior when using scan sampling versus focal sampling, and to see how sampling techniques are affected when using video recordings for data collection. We hypothesize that behavioral data collected for primate species will differ based on whether focal or scan sampling is used, with the null hypothesis being that there are no differences. To help test this hypothesis, R programming language was used to import a data set and run a script to obtain graphic figures for analysis. Additional data was collected in class using scan and focal sampling methods to record behavioral data from video observations. This data will be used to better understand how using video recordings affects the quality of data collection when using either sampling method. Too broad statement. be specific about what you wanna say. What do you mean by the status of the environment? This info should go to method section 2 Introduction: Great job putting your study in context with previous studies and describing your