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Homework answers / question archive / COUC 504 BENCHMARK CULTURAL IMMERSION PROJECT: INTERVIEW PAPER ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS OVERVIEW You will conduct an in-depth, 1-hour interview with an individual or married couple from your selected cultural group in order to develop an understanding of the cultural factors that helped shape that individual’s or couple’s cultural identity

COUC 504 BENCHMARK CULTURAL IMMERSION PROJECT: INTERVIEW PAPER ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS OVERVIEW You will conduct an in-depth, 1-hour interview with an individual or married couple from your selected cultural group in order to develop an understanding of the cultural factors that helped shape that individual’s or couple’s cultural identity

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COUC 504 BENCHMARK CULTURAL IMMERSION PROJECT: INTERVIEW PAPER ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS OVERVIEW You will conduct an in-depth, 1-hour interview with an individual or married couple from your selected cultural group in order to develop an understanding of the cultural factors that helped shape that individual’s or couple’s cultural identity. INSTRUCTIONS A variety of issues may be explored in the interview. The knowledge you gained from the Research and Events parts of the Benchmark Cultural Immersion Project as well as your sense of the person/couple you interview will guide you in how personal you can get with your questions. Cultural groups and individuals vary on how private they are. Use their feedback regarding what areas you can probe. If the person is very open, go deeper. If not, respect that cultural boundary and ask yourself why that boundary is there. Issues that you may wish to explore during the interview include, but are not limited to, the below list. You will answer the prompts listed below. Please follow these guidelines in composing your paper: • • • • This paper should be approximately 2,000 words in length. o Please note: the quality of your answer is more important than the word count. o You may expand further, but you do not have to do so. First person may be used in your answers. Please utilize current APA style. o The paper must have a correct title page, and you must use a reference page (no abstract is needed). Your paper must be supported by at least 2 scholarly sources, and at least 2 internet and/or media sources o These are the sources used in the Research Paper portion of the assignment. Issues to choose from: • • • • • • • • • • Early childhood experiences and parental values; Earliest memories of recognizing membership in a culturally different group; The role of religion/spirituality; Immigration experiences; Similarities/differences between couples’ interactions in the U.S. to couples’ interactions in the individual’s culture; School experiences as a member of a cultural minority; Experiences with subtle racism or discrimination; Experiences with overt racism or discrimination; Ways the person/couple chose his/her/their career(s) or made career choices; The experience of being culturally different; Page 1 of 3 COUC 504 • • • • • • Attitudes regarding the majority culture; Extent of desire to assimilate majority cultural attitudes, values, and lifestyles; Feelings of oppression; Feelings of anger toward majority culture; From the person’s/couple’s own cultural background, any potential racist attitudes toward or stereotyping of individuals from other particular cuIltures; and/or Strengths identified from the person’s/couple’s cultural background that help him/her/them cope with living in the U.S. Prompts: It is recommended that you use the following questions as level 1 headings to organize your paper (you can shorten the question into a level 1 heading/title). A template is provided for this assignment to help with APA formatting and organization. 1. Share some of the background of your interviewee (or couple). What is this person’s/couple’s story? (approximately 300 words) 2. How open was this person/couple? Why do you think this was? (approximately 100 words) 3. What were some key cultural events (interactions with the majority culture, experiences of racism, positive experiences with the majority culture, etc.) for this person/couple? (approximately 250 words) 4. What was your sense of this person’s/couple’s acculturation level and racial/cultural identity development? Why do you think this is the case? (approximately 200 words) 5. How did you respond emotionally toward this person/couple during the interview? Given aspects of your personal experience, why do you think you reacted this way? (approximately 250 words) 6. Based on the interview experience, what knowledge about this cultural group was added that you did not get from the previous parts of this assignment? (approximately 200 words) 7. Summarize briefly culturally sensitive theories and techniques discussed in Part II and discuss ethical and legal aspects that counselors need to consider when providing counseling services for this specific group, including issues of conflict, bias, prejudice, oppression and discrimination (approximately 200 words). 8. Summarize briefly your findings in Part I on group characteristics and reflect on the significance of multicultural sensitivity for your work as a professional Page 2 of 3 COUC 504 counselor (school, clinical mental health, or marriage and family, whichever applies to you; approximately 150 words). 9. Remind yourself of the biblical worldview lens material considered in this course (see the presentation titled “Interpreting Culture” in the Module/Week 1 Reading & Study folder). What are some strengths or elements of common grace that you see operating in this cultural group? How can individuals pray for people in this cultural group? (approximately 200 words) 10. Which part of this immersion experience (Part 1, 2, or 3) was most helpful to you in learning about this cultural group? Why do you think this was? (approximately 100 words) Note: Submit your paper in the course and in Tevera/LiveText: • If you are a School Counseling student, please submit to LiveText. • If you are a Clinical Mental Health/Professional Counseling student, please submit to Tevera. Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool. Page 3 of 3 TITLE OF PAPER HERE 1 BENCHMARK CULTURAL IMMERSION PROJECT: INTERVIEW PAPER TEMPLATE Student Name (First M. Last) Counselor Education and Family Studies, Liberty University Author Note I have no known conflict of interest to disclose. "" Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Email: TITLE OF PAPER HERE 2 Full Title Start with an introduction (don’t use a title for it). The intro will have the purpose of the paper, brief background (what culture you are discussing), brief outline of the paper for reader (what they should be expecting), and transition sentence to the first heading, “Interviewee Background and Personal Story.” – one paragraph. Interviewee Background and Personal Story Describe the events attended for the interview and what happened (approx. 250 words). Share some of the background of your interviewee (or couple). What is this person’s/couple’s story? (approximately 300 words) Discuss how open this person/couple was. Why do you think that? (approximately 100 words) Describe some key cultural events (interactions with the majority culture, experiences of racism, positive experiences with the majority culture, etc.) for this person/couple. (approximately 250 words) Discuss your sense of this person’s/couple’s acculturation level and racial/cultural identity development. Why do you think this is the case? (approximately 200 words) Emotional Response and New Learning Describe how you responded emotionally toward this person/couple during the interview. Given aspects of your personal experience, why do you think you reacted this way? (approximately 250 words) Based on the interview experience, discuss what knowledge about this cultural group was added that you did not get from the previous parts of this assignment? (approximately 200 words) TITLE OF PAPER HERE 3 Ethical and Legal Aspects to Consider Summarize briefly culturally sensitive theories and techniques discussed in Part II and discuss ethical (ACA and/or ASCA ethical codes) and legal (state and federal laws, regulations) aspects that counselors need to consider when providing counseling services for this specific group, including issues of conflict, bias, prejudice, oppression and discrimination (approximately 200 words). Multicultural Sensitivity and Biblical Worldview Reflection Summarize briefly your findings in Part I on group characteristics and reflect on the significance of multicultural sensitivity for your work as a professional counselor (school, clinical mental health, or marriage and family, whichever applies to you; approximately 150 words). Remind yourself of the biblical worldview lens material considered in this course (see the presentation titled “Interpreting Culture” in the Module/Week 1 Reading & Study folder). What are some strengths or elements of common grace that you see operating in this cultural group? How can individuals pray for people in this cultural group? (approximately 200 words) Conclusion Which part of this immersion experience (Part 1, 2, or 3) was most helpful to you in learning about this cultural group? Why do you think this was? (approximately 100 words) TITLE OF PAPER HERE 4 References References start here with a hanging indent. Double space and list references alphabetically by author’s last name. Review your APA Manual for formatting requirements for specific types of sources. References should include at least 2 scholarly sources and 2 internet sources on your cultural group of interest (the resources must published by 2005 or later) focusing on counseling theories and counseling techniques. A pertinent, unassigned chapter from the McGoldrick et al. text may count as 1 of these resources; however, the Hays & Erford text chapters may not count as a source. Follow current APA Publication Manual organization and style guidelines. Points will be deducted for format violations and grammatical problems. Running head: THE REFUGEES CULTURAL GROUP The Refugees Cultural Group Student's Name University Course Professor Date THE REFUGEES CULTURAL GROUP 2 The Refugees Cultural Group Culture occurs as a special mark that makes people unique in the global society. Culture represents the customs, traditions, values, and norms of individuals in communities that guide and defines their behaviors and attitudes. The contact between people with different cultural backgrounds leads to the emergence of hybridized cultures. Notably, a perfect example of the hybridized culture associated with the coexistence of displaced people in the refugee culture. Question 1 Attitudes, beliefs, and values Refugees experience worry, anxiety, and insecurity after being disconnected from their original cultures and communities. At this point, refugees believe that unity and friendship can liberate them from suffering associated with displacement. Therefore, they embrace a friendship culture to compensate for their isolation and separation. Friendship allows individuals to relate their circumstances and support their colleagues in improving satisfaction and welfare in their new home (Saunders et al., 2015). The shared experiences allow individuals to develop trust, a caring attitude, and understanding. The unity developed among individuals in refugee camps allows them to escape mental health problems and substance addiction. Group self-perceptions and issues related to stereotyping Public and political discourses portray refugees as a "homeless" or "uprooted" social group that is united by their circumstances. The discourses perceive refugees as an informal and temporary social group living in a host nation that is disbanded once they return to their original homes (Hoellerer, 2017). Notably, the discourses are based on the observation that refugees adopt customs and norms to address the interests and needs of people living within their camp. Accepting the new refugee culture allows members to cope with the traumatic situation associated with displacement, property loss, and homelessness. Failure to adapt to the new situation exposes displaced individuals to stress, anxiety, and depression. Customs, practices, behaviors Like the mainstream cultures, refugees establish organizational hierarchies to streamline the performance of activities. The emergence of hierarchical organizations in refugee communities leads to the development of leaders (Alio et al., 2020). However, leadership roles in refugee communities are the opposite of those in mainstream communities. The difference means that the refugee cultures utilize inverted leadership hierarchies that distinguish them from mainstream communities. Individuals who gain the most respect in refugee communities are the ones who spend the most time in the camps and experience the most trauma. In this regard, refugees view life as more brutal than their colleagues living in mainstream society. Hence, resilience to the THE REFUGEES CULTURAL GROUP 3 harshness of life occurs as a desirable quality in refugee cultures. High resilience makes an individual an ideal leader in helping refugee community members overcome trauma and pain. Violence occurs as an important element of refugee cultures. Particularly, members of the refugee culture develop authority and attention based on the level of the experienced violence. In most cases, refugees display anger and resentment towards individuals living in their mainstream societies. The confinement within refugee camps exposes individuals to frustrations that are manifested through their anger outbursts. The aggressive action towards individuals in the mainstream society gives refugees a sense of control over the situation. For instance, violent activities against law enforcers surrounding camps are interpreted to protect the oppressed refugee community members. At this point, focusing violent behaviors on the mainstream society earns individuals respect from their fellow refugees. Mainstream society members who display the same level of violence lose respect from their colleagues in this community. Spirituality/Religion Like the mainstream cultures, refugee culture is anchored on religious faiths. Refugees who stay in a particular location for long normally acculturate in multiple religious faiths. The acculturation process allows refugees to maintain friendship and unity within their culture. Notably, spirituality allows members of the refugee community to boost their resilience to challenges associated with displacement. In this regard, refugees view their suffering from the lens of multiple religious scriptures (Horstmann & Jung, 2015). For instance, grief, anxiety, and trauma may be viewed from the lens of Biblical and Koran scriptures in a refugee community comprising individuals with Islam and Christianity religious backgrounds. The practice makes the religious culture different from mainstream cultures, which are divided with respect to religious faiths. Societal perceptions, opportunities, and barriers in the U.S. and Internationally In the U.S. and globally, refugees are alienated in their new location and doubt resettlement institutions. The refugees’ confinement in camps limits their access to resources and employment opportunities. Mainstream communities in new locations perceive refugees as threats to their social and financial wellbeing. Individuals in mainstream societies believe that refugees tend to offer cheap labor, which gives them a competitive advantage in the job market. At this point, governments are forced to adopt tough measures to restrict refugees’ movement. The challenge associated with navigating bureaucracies in new nations reduces individuals' hopes of resettlement (Silverstein & Stevens, 2021). The refugees are forced to adapt to living in a society that is isolated from mainstream society. Key historical events and figures impacting the culture and societal perceptions of this group The increase in human-made and natural calamities has increased the rate of human displacement globally. Major factors creating a refugee problem internationally are war, earthquakes, typhoons, desertification, and water shortage. Today, 71 million individuals live as refugees in different nations globally, whereby approximately 37,000 individuals are displaced on a daily basis (Karasapan, 2020). The statistics indicate that refugees form a huge cultural group in the modern world. The refugee cultural group is expected to grow further in the future due to the global warming problem. THE REFUGEES CULTURAL GROUP 4 Question 2 The key things that I have learned about the refugee culture through interaction with credible online sources are that displaced individuals unite to manage their situation. Notably, embracing the refugee culture enables individuals to deal with challenges associated with displacement. Particularly, I have learned that the refugee cultural group harmonizes individuals with different nationalities, cultural backgrounds, and ethnicities into a homogenous community. The community offers members a sense of belonging to a hybridized home that is different from mainstream society. Therefore, adaptation allows individuals to fit in with their new refugee culture by accepting its values and norms. I have learned that the refugee community has a complex culture with elements like friendship value, inverted hierarchy, and respect for violence. In this case, I have learned that friendship serves as a symbol of pride and unity among members of the refugee culture. Notably, the members observe that the absence of friendship in the mainstream society reduced the welfare of its members. Therefore, friendship offers displaced individuals a unique and good experience despite suffering from being disconnected from their homes, original cultures, and family members. I have observed that similar experiences and friendship create trust and a caring environment for this cultural group members. Furthermore, I have learned that resilience occurs as a key leadership quality in the refugee cultural group. In this case, resilient leaders are expected to guide their subjects on techniques of overcoming challenges. Finally, I have observed that members of refugee culture believe in violence against their oppressors, including law enforcers. The individuals observe that law enforcers act as tools for the mainstream community in segregating the refugee community. Question 3 THE REFUGEES CULTURAL GROUP 5 It is surprising to see that displaced individuals embrace a hybridized culture named the refugee culture. The culture has surprised me because I normally assumed that refugees are totally dependent and divided victims of catastrophes. I have realized that unity and friendship allow refugee community members to solve their issues independently. For instance, the community members counsel their colleagues to help them overcome psychological problems associated with displacement and loss. I believe that institutions and organizations should offer support to the internal problem-solving efforts in these communities. Furthermore, I am surprised to learn the refugee communities have to invert hierarchical structures. I have observed that aggression and resilience are important leadership qualities within the refugee culture. Question 4 I have always been interested in working with refugee support institutions in the future. Therefore, I understand that the information about the refugee culture will offer me an evidencebased strategy in addressing challenges faced by displaced individuals. I understand that the life of displaced individuals in refugee camps is normally misunderstood. I understand that most researchers focus on the suffering and the dependence associated with displacement. Particularly, I assumed that refugees completely rely on organizations like the United Nations (UN) and International Rescue Committee (IRC) for governance and counseling. However, I have realized the refugee community has a complex system that makes members partially self-reliant. The knowledge has motivated me to perform in-depth and broad research on the refugee cultural group. I believe that I can accomplish the study objective using the mixed study methodology. In future research, I will research more about friendship, organization, and violence in refugee communities. I will explore the type of counseling programs utilized by members of the refugee community in addressing their psychological problems internally. I am THE REFUGEES CULTURAL GROUP 6 also interested in determining the actual resources these communities need to address their issues internally. I believe that understanding their actual level of need can allow refugee community leaders to collaborate effectively with external agencies and organizations. THE REFUGEES CULTURAL GROUP 7 References Alio, M., Alrihawi, S., Milner, J., Noor, A., Wazefadost, N., & Zigashane, P. (2020). By refugees, for refugees: refugee leadership during Covid-19, and beyond. International Journal of Refugee Law, 32(2), 370-373. Horstmann, A., & Jung, J. H. (2015). Introduction refugees and religion. In Building Noah’s Ark for Migrants, Refugees, and Religious Communities. New York City: Palgrave Macmillan. Hoellerer, N. I. (2017). Multiple Belongings in Refugee Resettlement: A Study of Bhutanese Refugees in the UK. St Antony's International Review, 12(2), 136-156. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26229177 Karasapan, O. (2020, January 27). Sharing the burden of the global refugee crisis. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2020/01/27/sharing-the-burden-ofthe-global-refugeecrisis/#:~:text=There%20are%2071%20million%20forcibly,flee%20their%20homes%20 every%20day. Saunders, V., Roche, S., McArthur, M., Arney, F., & Ziaian, T. (2015). Refugee communities intercultural dialogue: Building relationships, building communities. https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/11_2016/refugee_communities_inte rcultural_dialogues_building_relationships_building_communities_report.pdf Silverstein, J., & Stevens, R. (2021). Refugee Journeys: Histories of Resettlement, THE REFUGEES CULTURAL GROUP Representation and Resistance. Canberra: ANU Press. 8 Running head: THE REFUGEES CULTURAL GROUP THE REFUGEES CULTURAL GROUP Student Name (First M. Last) Counselor Education and Family Studies, Liberty University Author Note I have no known conflict of interest to disclose. "" Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Email: 1 THE REFUGEES CULTURAL GROUP 2 The Refugees Cultural Group Researchers can gain deeper insight into a group’s values and norms through direct interactions and observations. This article encompasses how I interacted with refugees in their camp and in a community meeting to develop a better understanding of their culture. Its purpose is to present an analysis of differences between cultural backgrounds and how they influence an individual’s experiences. I start by describing the events that I attended for the project then compare my experiences with expectations before embarking on the project. I proceed to describe how the events influenced my emotions, why I responded the way I did, and what I learned from the exercise. I conclude by presenting counseling theories and techniques that apply to refugees. Arguably, the events that I attended greatly informed my perception of cultures and challenged my expectations toward groups. Events Attended The first event that I attended was a church service that occurred in a refugee camp to revive the lost hope among the members of the population. The church that organized the event had did not just aim at providing hope to refugees, it also wanted to preach the gospel of Christ to the audience. I learned about the program from a cousin who is a worshipper in the church. She had suggested earlier that she would love it if I joined the church's service this particular day because they would be ministering to refugees and she knew that I had an interest in the cultural group. I arrived at the church early because I was eager to witness every activity that ensued and its relationship with the population’s culture. Then, I attended a meeting whose goal was to collect diverse viewpoints from the community members and the refugees. The community planned the meeting a month before to solicit opinions from the members regarding making contributions to the local refugee THE REFUGEES CULTURAL GROUP 3 community. I obtained information concerning the meeting through a friend who is also a member of the planning committee. When I arrived at the event, I found the large attendance to be surprising because of the Covid-19 pandemic regulations. Additionally, I never thought that so much people cared for the well-being of refugees. The meeting was successful because the participants successfully identified the needs of the refugees and suggested contributions toward helping them. Comparison with Expectations Interestingly, the experience of worshiping at a refugee camp augured with the expectations I had developed from the previous project. For instance, I expected religious services involving refugees to focus on providing individuals with hope and comfort. According to my previous findings, refugees tend to adopt norms and customs aimed at addressing the needs of those living within the camp. By addressing these norms and customs, refugees can overcome challenges arising from displacement, such as homelessness. Additionally, refugees tend to accord much attention to those who have experienced the most traumatic events. In this event, I discovered that the topics that pastors covered during the event focused on attempting to help the participant regain lost hope. Another common issue that I witnessed was the attempt to provide listeners with comforting messages. Similarly, the experience of attending the community’s meeting was fruitful because I met the expectations that I had developed from internet explorations and readings during the project’s first phase. I observed that the refugees took a greater role in the group’s activities and demonstrated accountability toward their duties. The refugees had greater autonomy and demonstrated more collaboration in their quest to achieve group goals. However, while I developed an expectation of violence among the refugees based on the findings from internet THE REFUGEES CULTURAL GROUP 4 exploration, I found the group to be peaceful and the members shunned aggression. Hence, they successfully collaborated with the community members in identifying their needs and offering suggestions regarding the measures that would improve their lives. Emotional Impact Joining refugees for a worshipping program inspired me to develop empathy toward the group's way of life. Before the event, I obtained information concerning the religious lives of refugees from internet sources. While the online information attempted to capture the refugees' norms and values, it failed to persuade me to develop a personal connection to the group. However, physically attending the church services helped me realize the gravity of the challenges that refugees face in their lives. Without hope, the members are just ordinary people who lost everything and left their earlier lives while lacking the means of fulfilling their basic needs. For this reason, I felt a personal responsibility to help improve the lives of refugees by giving them hope and helping them recover from traumatic experiences. I felt quite grateful and happy after attending the community refugee program because I participated in helping improve the lives of those in need. Even though the community did not develop a solution to the problems that led to the refugees’ immigration from their homes, its recognition of their needs and contribution to improving their lives at the camp had a significant impact on participants. Like the rest of the participants, I was pleased with myself and returned home feeling existed for my positive contribution to society. Even though I was a minority in the group, I did not feel a sense of alienation from the refugees because they interacted with community members freely. Rationale for Response THE REFUGEES CULTURAL GROUP 5 Considering my cultural background, I developed empathy for refugees after attending the religious event because I grew up in a place with a popular belief that every person can achieve their dreams if they put enough effort when pursuing their goals. In a country where people believe that their past does not determine their future, I expected every individual to have access to resources and opportunities to pursue their goals. However, the religious event helped me discover that without community assistance, refugees cannot enjoy life like other people. Hence, my cultural background provided me with a biased perception of opportunities in society while attending the event helped me realize why hope is significant in refugees’ lives. Likewise, my cultural background influenced my decision to attend the community meeting and participate in proving suggestions on the ways that the members would help the refugees. Even though I do not perceive myself as wealthy, I felt the urge to contribute to assisting the group because it had more immediate basic needs than the community. My culture influences my compassion and inspired me to respond the way I did because I have learned to have sympathy for those in need. For this reason, I am grateful that the meeting provided me with an opportunity to assist those who need aid. Moreover, the event helped me recognize what I own and increased my gratefulness toward my life. Key Things Learned My notable takeaway from the church event is that religion is an integral component of the refugee community because it provides members with hope and comfort. Members of this culture come from diverse backgrounds and leave their possessions behind due to numerous reasons when moving to safe places. When they arrive at their host countries, they develop values and norms that reflect the challenges that they undergo. Religion is essential in this culture because it provides members who might have lost optimism due to negative occurrences THE REFUGEES CULTURAL GROUP 6 in their lives with hope for a better future. Additionally, it comforts those who are still experiencing challenges, thereby enhancing how they interact with others in society. From the community meeting, I learned how refugees feel and what they need to live a better life. I discovered that they often develop feelings of worry, insecurity, and anxiety arising from the sudden disconnection from their native cultures. Hence, the population responds by developing inverted hierarchies that promote collaboration, communication, and accountability among the members. These findings contrasted with my initial perception that refugees are dependent groups that are highly divided rather than united because they share dissimilar experiences. Interestingly, their diverse encounters and adverse experiences increase their unity and encourage friendship among them. Counseling Theories Validated for This Group Theoretical Approaches The Cognitive Behavioral Theory (CBT) is among the effective theoretical approaches for counseling refugees because it facilitates the development of culturally sensitive tactics in therapy. Hinton and Patel (2018) claim that refugees experience diverse therapeutic challenges, including stress, different cultural traditions, and complex trauma. CBT is an ideal approach for this group because it offers culturally sensitive dimensions that can optimize the effectiveness and efficacy of counseling refugees. Person-Centered Therapy is another approach that can assist therapists in helping refugees because it acknowledges the clinician-client relationship in the counseling process. Jorgenson (2018) claims that the relationship between a client and the clinician, including how the client perceives the relationship, is an integral process in counseling. Person-centered therapy encompasses empathic understanding, congruence, and unconditional positive regard, which can help therapists build meaningful relationships with clients. THE REFUGEES CULTURAL GROUP 7 Additionally, counselors can employ somatic therapy to help this group overcome trauma and lead normal lives. Ament-Lemke (2018) claims that somatic therapies are effective traumatreatment methods that require clients to focus on sensations in their bodies to release trauma. The theoretical approach has proven to be effective in helping clients overcome trauma in people who become refugees due to human-made or nature-made disasters. Counseling Techniques The counseling techniques that are effective for counseling refugees include mindfulness, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, and the miracle question technique. Due to displacement arising from violence, war, or persecution, refugees often undergo complex and prolonged psychological trauma. Therefore, therapists should identify techniques of helping clients from this group overcome trauma in their lives. Mindfulness is an effective technique that helps clients develop a moment-by-moment awareness, which is not only important in therapy but also trauma treatment (Ament-Lemke, 2018). Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is another technique that can assist clients in identifying and controlling traumatic memories affecting their lives. Ament-Lemke (2018) claims that EMDR helps clients recall traumatic episodes while making horizontal eye movements. Then, the therapist guides the client to develop new associations of the memories that are not harmful. Likewise, the miracle question technique can help clients identify why a traumatic event is upsetting them. When using this approach, the therapist explores a clients' hidden associations with the past to develop a solution for present problems (Morgan, 2017). Hence, this counseling technique is effective in helping refugees recover from past traumatic events. THE REFUGEES CULTURAL GROUP 8 References Ament-Lemke, A. (2018). Healing the mind and body: Practitioner perspectives on integrating cognitive and somatic approaches in psychotherapy with refugees, asylees, and asylum seekers. St. Catherine University. Healing the Mind and Body: Practitioner Perspectives on Integrating Cognitive and Somatic Approaches in Psychotherapy with Refugees, Asylees, and Asylum Seekers (stkate.edu) Hinton, D. E., & Patel, A. (2018). Culturally sensitive CBT for refugees: Key dimensions. Mental Health of Refugee and Conflict-Affected Populations, 201219. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97046-2_10 Jorgenson, L. A. R. (2018). Therapeutic alliance through person-centered therapy: An influential factor in long-term utilization of mental health services among Asians in the United States. Graduate School of Professional Psychology: Doctoral Papers and Masters Projects. 295 Therapeutic Alliance Through Person-Centered Therapy: An Influential Factor in Long-Term Utilization of Mental Health Services Among Asians in the United States (du.edu) Morgan, T. R. (2017). Perspectives of secular counselors regarding Christian counseling forgiveness therapy. Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies. Perspectives of Secular Counselors Regarding Christian Counseling Forgiveness Therapy (waldenu.edu)

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