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Homework answers / question archive / What is the typical progression seen in language acquisition? How many words do most children have by ages 1, 2, and 3?
What is the typical progression seen in language acquisition? How many words do most children have by ages 1, 2, and 3? |
Normal language learning occurs in four distinct stages: the babbling stage, the Holophrastic or one-word stage, the two-word stage, and the Telegraphic stage. These phases may be further classified as follows: pre-production, early production, emerging speech, starting fluency, intermediate fluency, and advanced fluency.
Babbling
Within a few weeks of birth, the infant learns to know the sound of its mother. This phase is divided into two sub-stages. The first happens between the ages of birth and eight months. The majority of this stage is spent with the infant interacting with its environment, and it is only around the 5/6 - 8 month period that the baby begins to use its voice. As previously said, infants learn by imitation, and the babbling period is no exception. Throughout these months, the infant hears noises around them and attempts, however unsuccessfully, to duplicate them. Babbling refers to a baby's efforts to create and experiment with noises. After a few months of babbling, the infant learns to associate the words or sounds it is creating with objects or things. This is the second subdivision of the stage. Between the ages of 8 and 12, the infant gets increasing control over not just its verbal communication but also its physical communication, such as body language and gesticulating. When the newborn is able to communicate using both verbal and non-verbal ways, it progresses to the next stage of language acquisition.
Holophrastic / Monosyllabic stage
The holophrastic or one-word stage is the second stage of language learning. This stage is distinguished by single-word sentences. At this period, nouns account for around 50% of an infant's vocabulary, while verbs and modifiers account for approximately 30% and questions and negatives account for the remainder. This single-word stage features utterances such as "play" meaning "I want to play right now." Infants employ these sentences largely to gain what they want or need, although they are not always clear. For instance, a newborn may cry or utter "mama" only to get attention. When the newborn can talk in consecutive one-word phrases, it is ready to progress to the next stage.
Stage of Two Words
As you can think, the two-word stage is mostly composed of two-word statements. These phrases include one predicate and one subject. For instance, "Doggie walk" might be used to refer to the line "The dog is being walked." This stage is marked by the development of single modifiers, such as "That dog," and two-word inquiries, such as "Mummy eat?" With the addition of the suffix -ing to nouns to indicate that something is now occurring, for example, "Baby Sleeping."
Telegraphic Stage
The telegraphic stage is the ultimate level of language learning. This stage is so called because it resembles the information included in a telegraph; it contains just enough information to make sense of the text. This level has several sentences of three and four words. At some point during this period, the youngster starts to recognize connections between words and things, which results in overgeneralization. "Mummy eat carrots," "What is her name?" and "He is playing ball are all instances of sentences in the telegraphic stage." A child's vocabulary grows from 50 to up to 13,000 words throughout this time. At the conclusion of this stage, the kid begins to assimilate plurals, link words, and makes an effort to grasp tenses.
As a child's knowledge of language develops, it may seem as if each component is learned in random order, but this is not the case. Speech sounds are classified in a certain sequence. Children begin speaking vowels with rounded mouthed sounds such as "oo" and "a