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POLI 150A S21 Midterm Study Guide 1

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POLI 150A S21 Midterm Study Guide 1. What was the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act? Explain the significance of the Chinese Exclusion Act as it relates to the development of U.S. immigration policy. 2. What were the “White Australia” policies? Explain how the dictation test introduced by the Immigration Restriction Act of 1901 served to exclude certain “undesirable” immigrants from entering Australia. 3. Explain the significance of the Naturalization Act of 1790. 4. Explain the significance of the Naturalization Act of 1870. 5. Why do Hainmueller and Hopkins describe the labor market competition hypothesis a “zombie of a theory”? 6. What do Brader et al. find about the determinants of anti-immigrant sentiment? 7. What do Hopkins et al. find about the determinants of anti-immigrant sentiment? 8. What did E.G. Ravenstein conclude in his 1889 study of the “laws of migration”? 9. What is the human capital approach to international migration? Evaluate the argument that people migrate to where the discounted net returns to migration are greatest. 10. Define and explain dual labor market theory. According to dual labor market theory, what factors drive our “permanent demand” for migrant labor? 11. Describe contemporary trends in international migration. 12. Describe contemporary trends in forced migration. 13. Explain the significance of the Immigration Act, 1917. 14. Explain the significance of the Immigration Act, 1921. 15. Explain the significance of the Immigration Act, 1924. 16. Describe the demographic impact of the national origins quota system. 17. What was the Immigration Restriction League? 18. Who, according to the Immigration Restriction League, were the “undesirable” immigrants? 19. What was the Dillingham Commission? What did the Dillingham Commission conclude about “new immigrants”? 20. Explain the significance of the Immigration and Naturalization Act, 1965. 21. Explain the significance of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), 1986. 22. Explain the significance of the Immigration Act, 1990. 23. Explain the significance of the Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees, 1951. 24. What is the definition of a refugee? 25. Explain how refugee resettlement works internationally. Discuss the role of the UNHCR. 26. Explain how refugee resettlement works in the U.S. Discuss the significance of the Refugee Act, 1980. 27. What is the definition of an asylum seeker? 28. Explain how asylum works in the U.S. Discuss the significance of 8 USC 1158. 29. What are the Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP), also known as the “Remain in Mexico” policy? 30. Explain the significance of the Immigration and Naturalization Act, 1952. Discuss the powers that Border Patrol agents have. 31. Do Border Patrol agents need reasonable suspicion before stopping and searching a vehicle? Explain. 32. Can a Border Patrol agent stop and search a vehicle simply because the driver of the vehicle or its occupants may be of Mexican ancestry? Explain. 33. What is the 100-mile border zone? Discuss the significance of the 100-mile border zone. 34. Who were the primary targets of U.S. Border Patrol during the early part of the 20th century? During this period, where were the majority of border patrol agents stationed and why? 35. Explain the logic of the strategy of prevention-through-deterrence. Discuss the effectiveness of the strategy of prevention-through-deterrence. 36. What was Operation Gatekeeper? Discuss the effectiveness of Operation Gatekeeper using apprehensions data along the southwest border from 1994 to 2000. 37. Explain the logic of non-contiguous fencing along the U.S.-Mexico border. 38. How is “operational control” defined in the Secure Borders Initiative (SBI)? How does Customs and Border Protection (CBP) define “operational control”? 39. What was SBInet? 40. Describe the bivariate relationship between spending on border security and the size of the undocumented population in the U.S. 41. Explain the significance of H.R. 4437, 2005. 42. Is being undocumented a crime? Discuss. 43. Explain the logic of enforcement priorities with respect to interior immigration enforcement in the U.S. 44. What is the detention bed mandate/quota? How much money would it cost to detain all undocumented immigrants in the U.S.? 45. What is a sanctuary policy? Empirically evaluate the statement, “I’m very much opposed to sanctuary cities. They breed crime. There’s a lot of problems.” POLI 150A S21 Midterm Study Guide 1. What was the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act? Explain the significance of the Chinese Exclusion Act as it relates to the development of U.S. immigration policy. 2. What were the “White Australia” policies? Explain how the dictation test introduced by the Immigration Restriction Act of 1901 served to exclude certain “undesirable” immigrants from entering Australia. 3. Explain the significance of the Naturalization Act of 1790. 4. Explain the significance of the Naturalization Act of 1870. 5. Why do Hainmueller and Hopkins describe the labor market competition hypothesis a “zombie of a theory”? 6. What do Brader et al. find about the determinants of anti-immigrant sentiment? 7. What do Hopkins et al. find about the determinants of anti-immigrant sentiment? 8. What did E.G. Ravenstein conclude in his 1889 study of the “laws of migration”? 9. What is the human capital approach to international migration? Evaluate the argument that people migrate to where the discounted net returns to migration are greatest. 10. Define and explain dual labor market theory. According to dual labor market theory, what factors drive our “permanent demand” for migrant labor? 11. Describe contemporary trends in international migration. 12. Describe contemporary trends in forced migration. 13. Explain the significance of the Immigration Act, 1917. 14. Explain the significance of the Immigration Act, 1921. 15. Explain the significance of the Immigration Act, 1924. 16. Describe the demographic impact of the national origins quota system. 17. What was the Immigration Restriction League? 18. Who, according to the Immigration Restriction League, were the “undesirable” immigrants? 19. What was the Dillingham Commission? What did the Dillingham Commission conclude about “new immigrants”? 20. Explain the significance of the Immigration and Naturalization Act, 1965. 21. Explain the significance of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), 1986. 22. Explain the significance of the Immigration Act, 1990. 23. Explain the significance of the Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees, 1951. 24. What is the definition of a refugee? 25. Explain how refugee resettlement works internationally. Discuss the role of the UNHCR. 26. Explain how refugee resettlement works in the U.S. Discuss the significance of the Refugee Act, 1980. 27. What is the definition of an asylum seeker? 28. Explain how asylum works in the U.S. Discuss the significance of 8 USC 1158. 29. What are the Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP), also known as the “Remain in Mexico” policy? 30. Explain the significance of the Immigration and Naturalization Act, 1952. Discuss the powers that Border Patrol agents have. 31. Do Border Patrol agents need reasonable suspicion before stopping and searching a vehicle? Explain. 32. Can a Border Patrol agent stop and search a vehicle simply because the driver of the vehicle or its occupants may be of Mexican ancestry? Explain. 33. What is the 100-mile border zone? Discuss the significance of the 100-mile border zone. 34. Who were the primary targets of U.S. Border Patrol during the early part of the 20th century? During this period, where were the majority of border patrol agents stationed and why? 35. Explain the logic of the strategy of prevention-through-deterrence. Discuss the effectiveness of the strategy of prevention-through-deterrence. 36. What was Operation Gatekeeper? Discuss the effectiveness of Operation Gatekeeper using apprehensions data along the southwest border from 1994 to 2000. 37. Explain the logic of non-contiguous fencing along the U.S.-Mexico border. 38. How is “operational control” defined in the Secure Borders Initiative (SBI)? How does Customs and Border Protection (CBP) define “operational control”? 39. What was SBInet? 40. Describe the bivariate relationship between spending on border security and the size of the undocumented population in the U.S. 41. Explain the significance of H.R. 4437, 2005. 42. Is being undocumented a crime? Discuss. 43. Explain the logic of enforcement priorities with respect to interior immigration enforcement in the U.S. 44. What is the detention bed mandate/quota? How much money would it cost to detain all undocumented immigrants in the U.S.? 45. What is a sanctuary policy? Empirically evaluate the statement, “I’m very much opposed to sanctuary cities. They breed crime. There’s a lot of problems.” POLI 150A S21 Midterm Study Guide 1. What was the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act? Explain the significance of the Chinese Exclusion Act as it relates to the development of U.S. immigration policy. 2. What were the “White Australia” policies? Explain how the dictation test introduced by the Immigration Restriction Act of 1901 served to exclude certain “undesirable” immigrants from entering Australia. 3. Explain the significance of the Naturalization Act of 1790. 4. Explain the significance of the Naturalization Act of 1870. 5. Why do Hainmueller and Hopkins describe the labor market competition hypothesis a “zombie of a theory”? 6. What do Brader et al. find about the determinants of anti-immigrant sentiment? 7. What do Hopkins et al. find about the determinants of anti-immigrant sentiment? 8. What did E.G. Ravenstein conclude in his 1889 study of the “laws of migration”? 9. What is the human capital approach to international migration? Evaluate the argument that people migrate to where the discounted net returns to migration are greatest. 10. Define and explain dual labor market theory. According to dual labor market theory, what factors drive our “permanent demand” for migrant labor? 11. Describe contemporary trends in international migration. 12. Describe contemporary trends in forced migration. 13. Explain the significance of the Immigration Act, 1917. 14. Explain the significance of the Immigration Act, 1921. 15. Explain the significance of the Immigration Act, 1924. 16. Describe the demographic impact of the national origins quota system. 17. What was the Immigration Restriction League? 18. Who, according to the Immigration Restriction League, were the “undesirable” immigrants? 19. What was the Dillingham Commission? What did the Dillingham Commission conclude about “new immigrants”? 20. Explain the significance of the Immigration and Naturalization Act, 1965. 21. Explain the significance of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), 1986. 22. Explain the significance of the Immigration Act, 1990. 23. Explain the significance of the Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees, 1951. 24. What is the definition of a refugee? 25. Explain how refugee resettlement works internationally. Discuss the role of the UNHCR. 26. Explain how refugee resettlement works in the U.S. Discuss the significance of the Refugee Act, 1980. 27. What is the definition of an asylum seeker? 28. Explain how asylum works in the U.S. Discuss the significance of 8 USC 1158. 29. What are the Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP), also known as the “Remain in Mexico” policy? 30. Explain the significance of the Immigration and Naturalization Act, 1952. Discuss the powers that Border Patrol agents have. 31. Do Border Patrol agents need reasonable suspicion before stopping and searching a vehicle? Explain. 32. Can a Border Patrol agent stop and search a vehicle simply because the driver of the vehicle or its occupants may be of Mexican ancestry? Explain. 33. What is the 100-mile border zone? Discuss the significance of the 100-mile border zone. 34. Who were the primary targets of U.S. Border Patrol during the early part of the 20th century? During this period, where were the majority of border patrol agents stationed and why? 35. Explain the logic of the strategy of prevention-through-deterrence. Discuss the effectiveness of the strategy of prevention-through-deterrence. 36. What was Operation Gatekeeper? Discuss the effectiveness of Operation Gatekeeper using apprehensions data along the southwest border from 1994 to 2000. 37. Explain the logic of non-contiguous fencing along the U.S.-Mexico border. 38. How is “operational control” defined in the Secure Borders Initiative (SBI)? How does Customs and Border Protection (CBP) define “operational control”? 39. What was SBInet? 40. Describe the bivariate relationship between spending on border security and the size of the undocumented population in the U.S. 41. Explain the significance of H.R. 4437, 2005. 42. Is being undocumented a crime? Discuss. 43. Explain the logic of enforcement priorities with respect to interior immigration enforcement in the U.S. 44. What is the detention bed mandate/quota? How much money would it cost to detain all undocumented immigrants in the U.S.? 45. What is a sanctuary policy? Empirically evaluate the statement, “I’m very much opposed to sanctuary cities. They breed crime. There’s a lot of problems.” POLI 150A Midterm Version A POLI 150A S20 Midterm Exams must be uploaded to Canvas no later than May 6th at 12:20pm. No late responses will be accepted. If you anticipate any technical issues uploading your exam, paste your responses into the body of an email and send directly to me (tomkwong@ucsd.edu). Essay. One (1) essay question. The essay question is worth fifty-five (55) points. You should strive to make your response as comprehensive and complete as possible. 1. Explain how, by 1924, U.S. immigration policies effectively demographically engineered American society. Your response should include discussion of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, the Immigration Act of 1917, the Immigration Act of 1921, and the Immigration Act of 1924. Your response should also include discussion of the Immigration Restriction League (IRL) and the Dillingham Commission. Short-Answer. Pick one (1) question below. The short-answer question is worth thirty-five (35) points. You should strive to make your response as comprehensive and complete as possible. 1. Why, according to dual labor market theory, do advanced industrialized countries have a “permanent demand” for migrant labor? 2. What is the strategy of “prevention-through-deterrence”? Discuss the efficacy of preventionthrough-deterrence using Operation Gatekeeper as an example. Multiple Choice. 5 multiple-choice questions. Each multiple-choice question is worth 3 points. Please read each question carefully before answering. 1. Which of the following is true? a. According to Customs and Border Protection (CBP), the objectives of border security include the prevention of all unlawful U.S. entries by terrorists, other unlawful aliens, instruments of terrorism, narcotics, and other contraband. b. According to Customs and Border Protection (CBP), the objectives of border security include the substantial probability of apprehension of unlawful U.S. entries by terrorists, other unlawful aliens, instruments of terrorism, narcotics, and other contraband. c. According to Customs and Border Protection (CBP), the objectives of border security include the displacement of all unlawful U.S. entries by terrorists, other unlawful aliens, instruments of terrorism, narcotics, and other contraband. d. None of the above are true. Page 1 of 2 POLI 150A Midterm Version A 2. According to the human capital approach to international migration, which of the following, all else equal, increases the likelihood of migration? a. Increasing the sum total material and psychological costs of migrating i.e., C(0). b. Increasing earnings in the country of destination i.e., YD(t). c. Increasing earnings in the country of origin i.e., YO(t). d. None of the above. 3. Which of the following is true? According to 8 USC 1158… a. Any person who attempts to enter the U.S. unlawfully through the southern border is ineligible to apply for asylum. b. Any person who attempts to enter the U.S. without a valid immigrant visa is ineligible to apply for asylum. c. Any person who is physically present in the U.S. or who arrives in the U.S. (whether or not at a designated port of arrival), irrespective of the person’s immigration status, may apply for asylum. d. Any person who is physically present in the U.S. or who arrives in the U.S. at a designated port of arrival, and has a valid immigrant visa, may apply for asylum. 4. Which of the following is true? a. Border Patrol agents can exercise their authority within a “reasonable distance” to the border, which is limited to the 100-mile border zone north of the U.S.-Mexico border. b. Border Patrol agents can stop and search a vehicle within the 100-mile border zone simply because the occupants are Hispanic/Latinx. c. 4th Amendment protections against unreasonable searches and seizures mean that Border Patrol agents must obtain judicial warrants before searching vehicles within the 100-mile border zone. d. None of the above are true. 5. Which of the following is true? a. During the early years of the Border Patrol, the majority of agents were assigned to the U.S.Mexico border to prevent undocumented Mexican immigration to the U.S. b. During the early years of the Border Patrol, the majority of agents were assigned to the U.S.Canadian border to prevent liquor smuggling into the U.S. during the prohibition era. c. Both “a” and “b” are true. d. Neither “a” nor “b” are true. Page 2 of 2