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Homework answers / question archive / Question 1 0 / 4 pts Individuals who commit the fundamental attribution error tend to ________
Question 1
0 / 4 pts
Individuals who commit the fundamental attribution error tend to ________.
hold beliefs that lead to their own fulfillment
underestimate dispositional influences upon others' behavior
overestimate situational influences upon others' behavior
presume that others are the way they act
4 / 4 pts
Which of the following best explains why Olympic bronze medalists express more happiness than silver medalists?
counterfactual thinking
the fundamental attribution error
the overconfidence phenomenon
the representativeness heuristic
4 / 4 pts
Jumping out of your seat when you see an unexpected scene in a movie is what type of thinking?
automatic processing
internal processing
intentional processing
controlled processing
4 / 4 pts
Thinking that our premonitions correlate with events represents:
an illusory correlation.
the overconfidence phenomenon.
the representative heuristic.
the availability heuristic.
0 / 4 pts
Identify a reason for the fundamental attribution error.
One overestimates situational influences upon others' behavior.
One finds causes where one looks for them.
One focuses on the environment when analyzing others.
One underestimates dispositional influences upon others' behavior.
4 / 4 pts
While waiting to cross the street, you witness a man ignoring the red signal and causing an accident. Then, the man who caused the accident gets out of his car to talk to you. He tells you that the signal was yellow when he tried crossing the street. Later, you tell the police that you remember the signal being yellow, not red, when the man tried crossing the intersection. This scenario illustrates:
belief perseverance.
the misinformation effect.
the confirmation bias.
the priming effect.
4 / 4 pts
Evan has a job interview in a different city. The airport in his city is far from his place. Despite being aware of the heavy traffic in his city, he starts late for the airport as he is convinced he can reach on time. However, he misses his flight and is unable to attend the interview. In the context of social thinking, this scenario illustrates:
the misinformation effect.
the overconfidence phenomenon.
the representativeness heuristic.
the availability heuristic.
4 / 4 pts
Sometimes the basis for one's belief is discredited but an explanation of why the belief might be true survives. Social psychologists refer to this as:
belief perseverance.
How Do We Perceive Our Social Worlds?
cognitive dissonance.
rationalization.
attitude consistency.
4 / 4 pts
According to the fundamental attribution error, observers:
underestimate internal causes.
emphasize social circumstances.
engage in situational attribution.
underestimate situational influences.
4 / 4 pts
Although travelers in the United States are more likely to die in an automobile crash than on an airplane trip covering the same distance, people often assume that flying is more dangerous than driving. What type of heuristic are people using when they make this assumption?
the availability heuristic
the vividness heuristic
the representativeness heuristic
the matching heuristic
4 / 4 pts
Which of the following exemplifies the statistical phenomenon of regression toward the average?
Malak is overconfident and tends to overestimate the accuracy of her beliefs.
Habid fails to qualify for a job and thinks of ways in which his life would have changed if he had qualified.
Wen is extremely disciplined in his first year of college but starts behaving like other students in the years that follow.
Anaya believes that her best friend calls her whenever she thinks about him.
4 / 4 pts
You attend a party where you do not know anyone but expect others to be friendly toward you. You greet people warmly. Your actions, in turn, lead other people to behave in a friendly manner with you. This situation can best be described as:
an illusory correlation.
behavioral confirmation.
the availability heuristic.
the representativeness heuristic.
4 / 4 pts
Fatima comes across a list of jackpot winners in a magazine, the majority of whom are women, and starts considering her likelihood of winning the jackpot. She becomes obsessed with the idea of winning and spends all her time and energy playing online jackpot games. In the context of social thinking, this scenario illustrates:
the overjustification effect.
the availability heuristic.
the representativeness heuristic.
the fundamental attribution error.
4 / 4 pts
Researchers had male students talk on the telephone with women they thought were either attractive or unattractive. When the researchers later analyzed the women's comments, they found that the:
women thought to be unattractive spoke slowly and deliberately.
women thought to be unattractive tried hard to be likable and made better conversation.
women thought to be attractive spoke more warmly than the other women.
women thought to be attractive spoke in an aloof and superior manner.
4 / 4 pts
You believe that you will perform poorly in exams even if you study well. As a consequence of this belief, you get low grades. This is an example of:
a self-fulfilling prophecy.
behavioral perseverance.
self-confirming validity.
a belief confirmation.
4 / 4 pts
When people viewed the videotape of a suspect confessing during a police interview with the camera focused on the suspect, they perceived the confession as genuine. When the camera was focused on the detective, they perceived the confession as coerced. This is an example of the:
fundamental attribution error.
perceived outgroup homogeneity effect.
suspect-detective bias.
camera perspective bias.
4 / 4 pts
Unlike her friends, Olivia, a 25-year-old, refrains from spending lavishly on clothes and luxury items. Her friends label her a miser for being thrifty. In reality, she is saving money to buy her own car. In this scenario, Juan's friends are most likely ________.
committing the group attribution error.
influenced by the mere exposure effect.
influenced by the disposition effect.
committing the fundamental attribution error.
4 / 4 pts
Zachary watches a horror movie alone. Later that night, he wakes up hearing a strange noise and notices an ominous shadow moving outside his window. Fearing that someone is trying to break into his house, he turns on the light. When he looks out through the window, he finds leaves rustling and the shadow of a plant. Which of the following best explains the initial reaction of Zachary?
Priming
The confirmation bias
Centration
The misinformation effect
4 / 4 pts
In the context of social thinking, which of the following illustrates a dispositional attribution?
Rhea loves spring season because the weather is cheerful.
Ayaan seldom talks openly with his mother because she is strict and unpredictable.
Thomas falls from his bike because the road is slippery.
Chiara dislikes playing with her classmates because she is an introvert.
4 / 4 pts
Attributing behavior to a person's traits is called a(n) ________ attribution.
epigenetic
motivational
dispositional
situational
4 / 4 pts
Sharon typically follows those news channels that support her existing political beliefs. She is not inclined to watch news on other channels as they may disprove her preconceptions. Sharon's approach illustrates the:
confirmation bias.
I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon.
base-rate fallacy.
misinformation effect.
4 / 4 pts
A researcher tells the participants of his study that risk-prone people make better firefighters than cautious people by showing some anecdotal evidence. Then, he asks the participants to explain why risk-prone people make better firefighters. Finally, he establishes that cautious people are better firefighters with the help of scientific evidence and informs the participants that the anecdote was made up for the study. In the context of belief perseverance, the participants of this study are most likely to:
continue to believe that risk-prone people make better fighters.
be confused whether risk-prone or cautious people make better firefighters.
change their original view and acknowledge that cautious people make better firefighters.
believe that both risk-prone and cautious people are likely to be equally good as firefighters.
0 / 4 pts
According to research done by Miller and his colleagues (1975), if you want young children to put trash in wastebaskets, you should repeatedly:
tell them that people who litter are bad.
punish them for not putting trash in wastebaskets.
congratulate them for being neat and tidy.
tell them that they should be neat and tidy.
0 / 4 pts
Researchers Edward Jones and Victor Harris (1967) had Duke University students read debaters' speeches supporting or attacking Cuba's leader at the time, Fidel Castro. When told that the debater chose which position to take, the students:
concluded that the debating coach was an effective persuader.
concluded that to some extent the speech reflected the person's own attitude.
described the speaker's position as poorly developed.
assumed the debater's position merely reflected the demands of the assignment.
0 / 4 pts
Despite reading numerous research studies that associate fast food consumption with heart disease and diabetes, Rachel continues eating fast food and considers it harmless. Rachel's thinking is an example of:
belief consolidation.
belief perseverance.
the operation of the availability heuristic.
belief assimilation.
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