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Homework answers / question archive / Question 1 4 / 4 pts A study by Gilovich et al
Question 1
4 / 4 pts
A study by Gilovich et al. (2000) had college students wear T-shirts with singer Barry Manilow on them. They found that participants overestimated the degree to which other people would notice the T-shirt. Which of the following concepts did this study explore?
the transparency effect
the audience effect
the halo effect
the spotlight effect
0 / 4 pts
Which of the following is an example of the use of social comparison?
Matt feels he is satisfied with his life after meditating by himself.
Matt feels he is smart when he is among a group of smart colleagues.
Matt feels he should take care of his health after he suffers a cardiac arrest.
Matt feels he is rich when his friends have a lower annual income.
4 / 4 pts
Under individualism, becoming an adult means ________.
uniting with parents
becoming self-reliant
defining one's social, dependent self
living with relatives
4 / 4 pts
Kitayama and Markus (2000) found that for American students, happiness comes with feeling:
close and friendly.
superior and proud.
Self-Concept: Who Am I?
included and familiar.
humble and chivalrous.
4 / 4 pts
The management board of a construction company decides to invest and expand the business to real estate. However, Adam, one of the board members, is skeptical of this idea because he anticipates some trouble. He convinces the other board members to abandon this plan. Adam is proved right when the country's real estate business collapses. In the context of self-serving bias, this scenario exemplifies a phenomenon called:
unrealistic optimism.
defensive pessimism.
collective narcissism.
planning fallacy.
4 / 4 pts
Self-serving bias can be adaptive in that it:
allows us to savor the good things that happen in our lives.
prevents us from blaming others when things go wrong.
enables us to exhibit realistic optimism about our futures.
decreases our vulnerability through illusory optimism.
4 / 4 pts
In the context of self-serving bias, which of the following statements represents the concept of self-serving attributions?
People attribute their success to their ability and failure to external factors.
People attribute their success to their effort and failure to their lack of ability.
People anticipate problems and harness their anxiety to motivate effective action.
People overestimate the commonality of their opinions and their undesirable behaviors.
4 / 4 pts
Which of the following is a characteristic of narcissists?
They are likely to lash out when an insult is delivered publicly.
They typically have low self-esteem.
They typically hate themselves "deep down inside."
They are likely to possess a deep-seated feeling of inferiority.
4 / 4 pts
In the context of impression management, self-monitoring involves:
disparaging oneself (false modesty) to elicit reassurance.
self-introspection to attain self-realization and self-actualization.
protecting one's self-image by creating an excuse for later failure.
adjusting one's performance to create the desired impression.
4 / 4 pts
Miguel is a new recruit at an apparel store. His team has 10 members, and he adapts himself to the needs of his team. He places more importance on the goals of his team than on his own goals and tries to identify himself with the identity of the team. The traits exhibited by Miguel are most similar to those of individuals belonging to a(n) ________ culture.
collectivistic
individualistic
narcissistic
hedonistic
4 / 4 pts
Talia, a project manager, estimates that a project will take a year to complete. She gets the estimation approved, although it increases the cost of the project. However, the project takes only 8 months to complete. In the context of self-knowledge, this scenario exemplifies the concept of ________.
the dual attitude system
the spotlight effect
the illusion of transparency
the planning fallacy
4 / 4 pts
Identify a characteristic that is most commonly identified with individualistic cultures.
They emphasize personal achievement.
They disapprove of egotism.
They encourage positive social engagement.
They appreciate conformity.
4 / 4 pts
A sense that one is competent and effective refers to one's:
self-esteem.
self-worth.
self-aggrandizement.
self-efficacy.
4 / 4 pts
Identify the true statement about self-monitoring.
People high in self-monitoring are less likely to be dissatisfied in their marriages.
People high in self-monitoring are more committed to their relationships.
People low in self-monitoring are externally guided and are less likely to talk and act as they believe.
People low in self-monitoring care less about what others think.
4 / 4 pts
Which of the following theories proposes that people exhibit self-protective emotional and cognitive responses, including adhering more strongly to their cultural worldviews and prejudices, when confronted with reminders of their mortality?
motivation crowding theory
sociocultural theory
terror management theory
attachment theory
4 / 4 pts
Jonas has a group of friends in a social networking site. When any of his friends are on vacation in a foreign country and post pictures on the site, he feels bad about himself. To measure up to his friends, he often borrows money to take such vacations. Which of the following psychological phenomena is exemplified in this scenario?
social entropy
social interface
social comparison
social balance
4 / 4 pts
Studies of "affective forecasting," as conducted by Wilson and Gilbert in 2003, required participants to predict their future:
thoughts.
family situation.
school performance.
emotions.
4 / 4 pts
Who among the following most likely belongs to an individualistic culture?
Christopher, who associates himself with positive words and family and societal traits
Mia, who refrains from self-enhancement by believing that she is better than her classmates
Nicholas, who compares his grades with students who earn high grades in order to facilitate self-improvement
Jessica, who becomes angry and sad when her classmates question her personal identity
4 / 4 pts
Which of the following terms denotes what we know and believe about ourselves?
self-control
self-concept
Schadenfreude
altruism
4 / 4 pts
In the context of predicting our behavior, the planning fallacy is the tendency to:
overanalyze the significance of any task that must be completed.
underestimate how long it will take to complete a task.
predict accurately the number of people required to complete a task.
avoid making any specific plans for a short-term goal.
4 / 4 pts
In the context of psychology, ________ are mental templates by which we organize our worlds.
schemas
perspectives
attributes
efficacies
4 / 4 pts
Who among the following is most likely a narcissist?
Joshua, who reacts aggressively if his team members criticize him
Elizabeth, who is ready to work extra hours for the benefit of her team
Taylor, who cares about the well-being of her neighbors and friends
Harold, who is unpopular among his relatives and colleagues
4 / 4 pts
The spotlight effect and the related illusion of transparency are two examples of the interplay between one's sense of ________ and one's social worlds.
self
morality
collectivism
social judgment
0 / 4 pts
Giving priority to the goals of one's group, such as one's family or workplace, and defining one's identity accordingly is known as:
narcissism.
collectivism.
individualism.
hedonism.
4 / 4 pts
According to Woodzicka and LaFrance (2001), women reported that they would feel angry if asked sexually harassing questions during a job interview. When actually asked such questions, women more often experienced:
fear.
rage.
irritation.
annoyance.
Question 1
4 / 4 pts
A study by Gilovich et al. (2000) had college students wear T-shirts with singer Barry Manilow on them. They found that participants overestimated the degree to which other people would notice the T-shirt. Which of the following concepts did this study explore?
the transparency effect
the audience effect
the halo effect
the spotlight effect
Spotlights and Illusions: What Do They Teach Us about Ourselves?
0 / 4 pts
Which of the following is an example of the use of social comparison?
Matt feels he is satisfied with his life after meditating by himself.
Matt feels he is smart when he is among a group of smart colleagues.
Self-Concept: Who Am I?
Matt feels he should take care of his health after he suffers a cardiac arrest.
Matt feels he is rich when his friends have a lower annual income.
4 / 4 pts
Under individualism, becoming an adult means ________.
uniting with parents
becoming self-reliant
Self-Concept: Who Am I?
defining one's social, dependent self
living with relatives
4 / 4 pts
Kitayama and Markus (2000) found that for American students, happiness comes with feeling:
close and friendly.
superior and proud.
Self-Concept: Who Am I?
included and familiar.
humble and chivalrous.
4 / 4 pts
The management board of a construction company decides to invest and expand the business to real estate. However, Adam, one of the board members, is skeptical of this idea because he anticipates some trouble. He convinces the other board members to abandon this plan. Adam is proved right when the country's real estate business collapses. In the context of self-serving bias, this scenario exemplifies a phenomenon called:
unrealistic optimism.
defensive pessimism.
What Is Self-Serving Bias?
collective narcissism.
planning fallacy.
4 / 4 pts
Self-serving bias can be adaptive in that it:
allows us to savor the good things that happen in our lives.
What Is Self-Serving Bias?
prevents us from blaming others when things go wrong.
enables us to exhibit realistic optimism about our futures.
decreases our vulnerability through illusory optimism.
4 / 4 pts
In the context of self-serving bias, which of the following statements represents the concept of self-serving attributions?
People attribute their success to their ability and failure to external factors.
What Is Self-Serving Bias?
People attribute their success to their effort and failure to their lack of ability.
People anticipate problems and harness their anxiety to motivate effective action.
People overestimate the commonality of their opinions and their undesirable behaviors.
4 / 4 pts
Which of the following is a characteristic of narcissists?
They are likely to lash out when an insult is delivered publicly.
What is the Nature and Motivating Power of Self-Esteem?
They typically have low self-esteem.
They typically hate themselves "deep down inside."
They are likely to possess a deep-seated feeling of inferiority.
4 / 4 pts
In the context of impression management, self-monitoring involves:
disparaging oneself (false modesty) to elicit reassurance.
self-introspection to attain self-realization and self-actualization.
protecting one's self-image by creating an excuse for later failure.
adjusting one's performance to create the desired impression.
How Do People Manage Their Self-Presentation?
4 / 4 pts
Miguel is a new recruit at an apparel store. His team has 10 members, and he adapts himself to the needs of his team. He places more importance on the goals of his team than on his own goals and tries to identify himself with the identity of the team. The traits exhibited by Miguel are most similar to those of individuals belonging to a(n) ________ culture.
collectivistic
Self-Concept: Who Am I?
individualistic
narcissistic
hedonistic
4 / 4 pts
Talia, a project manager, estimates that a project will take a year to complete. She gets the estimation approved, although it increases the cost of the project. However, the project takes only 8 months to complete. In the context of self-knowledge, this scenario exemplifies the concept of ________.
the dual attitude system
the spotlight effect
the illusion of transparency
the planning fallacy
Self-Concept: Who Am I?
4 / 4 pts
Identify a characteristic that is most commonly identified with individualistic cultures.
They emphasize personal achievement.
Self-Concept: Who Am I?
They disapprove of egotism.
They encourage positive social engagement.
They appreciate conformity.
4 / 4 pts
A sense that one is competent and effective refers to one's:
self-esteem.
self-worth.
self-aggrandizement.
self-efficacy.
What Is the Nature and Motivating Power of Self-Esteem?
4 / 4 pts
Identify the true statement about self-monitoring.
People high in self-monitoring are less likely to be dissatisfied in their marriages.
People high in self-monitoring are more committed to their relationships.
People low in self-monitoring are externally guided and are less likely to talk and act as they believe.
People low in self-monitoring care less about what others think.
How Do People Manage Their Self-Presentation?
4 / 4 pts
Which of the following theories proposes that people exhibit self-protective emotional and cognitive responses, including adhering more strongly to their cultural worldviews and prejudices, when confronted with reminders of their mortality?
motivation crowding theory
sociocultural theory
terror management theory
What is the Nature and Motivating Power of Self-Esteem?
attachment theory
4 / 4 pts
Jonas has a group of friends in a social networking site. When any of his friends are on vacation in a foreign country and post pictures on the site, he feels bad about himself. To measure up to his friends, he often borrows money to take such vacations. Which of the following psychological phenomena is exemplified in this scenario?
social entropy
social interface
social comparison
Self-Concept: Who Am I?
social balance
4 / 4 pts
Studies of "affective forecasting," as conducted by Wilson and Gilbert in 2003, required participants to predict their future:
thoughts.
family situation.
school performance.
emotions.
Self-Concept: Who Am I?
4 / 4 pts
Who among the following most likely belongs to an individualistic culture?
Christopher, who associates himself with positive words and family and societal traits
Mia, who refrains from self-enhancement by believing that she is better than her classmates
Nicholas, who compares his grades with students who earn high grades in order to facilitate self-improvement
Jessica, who becomes angry and sad when her classmates question her personal identity
Self-Concept: Who Am I?
4 / 4 pts
Which of the following terms denotes what we know and believe about ourselves?
self-control
self-concept
Self-Concept: Who Am I?
Schadenfreude
altruism
4 / 4 pts
In the context of predicting our behavior, the planning fallacy is the tendency to:
overanalyze the significance of any task that must be completed.
underestimate how long it will take to complete a task.
Self-Concept: Who Am I?
predict accurately the number of people required to complete a task.
avoid making any specific plans for a short-term goal.
4 / 4 pts
In the context of psychology, ________ are mental templates by which we organize our worlds.
schemas
Self-Concept: Who Am I?
perspectives
attributes
efficacies
4 / 4 pts
Who among the following is most likely a narcissist?
Joshua, who reacts aggressively if his team members criticize him
What is the Nature and Motivating Power of Self-Esteem?
Elizabeth, who is ready to work extra hours for the benefit of her team
Taylor, who cares about the well-being of her neighbors and friends
Harold, who is unpopular among his relatives and colleagues
4 / 4 pts
The spotlight effect and the related illusion of transparency are two examples of the interplay between one's sense of ________ and one's social worlds.
self
Spotlights and Illusions: What Do They Teach Us about Ourselves?
morality
collectivism
social judgment
0 / 4 pts
Giving priority to the goals of one's group, such as one's family or workplace, and defining one's identity accordingly is known as:
narcissism.
collectivism.
individualism.
Self-Concept: Who Am I?
hedonism.
4 / 4 pts
According to Woodzicka and LaFrance (2001), women reported that they would feel angry if asked sexually harassing questions during a job interview. When actually asked such questions, women more often experienced:
fear.
Self-Concept: Who Am I?
rage.
irritation.
annoyance.