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Homework answers / question archive / Question 1 4 / 4 pts A study by Gilovich et al

Question 1 4 / 4 pts A study by Gilovich et al

Psychology

Question 1

4 / 4 pts

A study by Gilovich et al. (2000) had college students wear T-shirts with singer Barry Manilow on them. They found that participants overestimated the degree to which other people would notice the T-shirt. Which of the following concepts did this study explore?

  

the transparency effect

   

the audience effect

   

the halo effect

   

the spotlight effect

 

IncorrectQuestion 2

0 / 4 pts

Which of the following is an example of the use of social comparison?

  

Matt feels he is satisfied with his life after meditating by himself.

   

Matt feels he is smart when he is among a group of smart colleagues.

  

Matt feels he should take care of his health after he suffers a cardiac arrest.

   

Matt feels he is rich when his friends have a lower annual income.

 

 

Question 3

4 / 4 pts

Under individualism, becoming an adult means ________.

  

uniting with parents

   

becoming self-reliant

  

defining one's social, dependent self

  

living with relatives

 

 

Question 4

4 / 4 pts

Kitayama and Markus (2000) found that for American students, happiness comes with feeling:

  

close and friendly.

   

superior and proud.

 

Self-Concept: Who Am I?

  

included and familiar.

   

humble and chivalrous.

 

 

Question 5

4 / 4 pts

The management board of a construction company decides to invest and expand the business to real estate. However, Adam, one of the board members, is skeptical of this idea because he anticipates some trouble. He convinces the other board members to abandon this plan. Adam is proved right when the country's real estate business collapses. In the context of self-serving bias, this scenario exemplifies a phenomenon called:

  

unrealistic optimism.

 

defensive pessimism.

  

collective narcissism.

   

planning fallacy.

 

 

Question 6

4 / 4 pts

Self-serving bias can be adaptive in that it:

  

allows us to savor the good things that happen in our lives.

  

prevents us from blaming others when things go wrong.

   

enables us to exhibit realistic optimism about our futures.

   

decreases our vulnerability through illusory optimism.

 

 

Question 7

4 / 4 pts

In the context of self-serving bias, which of the following statements represents the concept of self-serving attributions?

  

People attribute their success to their ability and failure to external factors.

  

People attribute their success to their effort and failure to their lack of ability.

   

People anticipate problems and harness their anxiety to motivate effective action.

   

People overestimate the commonality of their opinions and their undesirable behaviors.

 

 

Question 8

4 / 4 pts

Which of the following is a characteristic of narcissists?

  

They are likely to lash out when an insult is delivered publicly.

  

They typically have low self-esteem.

   

They typically hate themselves "deep down inside."

  

They are likely to possess a deep-seated feeling of inferiority.

 

 

Question 9

4 / 4 pts

In the context of impression management, self-monitoring involves:

  

disparaging oneself (false modesty) to elicit reassurance.

   

self-introspection to attain self-realization and self-actualization.

   

protecting one's self-image by creating an excuse for later failure.

  

adjusting one's performance to create the desired impression.

 

Question 10

4 / 4 pts

Miguel is a new recruit at an apparel store. His team has 10 members, and he adapts himself to the needs of his team. He places more importance on the goals of his team than on his own goals and tries to identify himself with the identity of the team. The traits exhibited by Miguel are most similar to those of individuals belonging to a(n) ________ culture.

  

collectivistic

  

individualistic

   

narcissistic

   

hedonistic

 

 

Question 11

4 / 4 pts

Talia, a project manager, estimates that a project will take a year to complete. She gets the estimation approved, although it increases the cost of the project. However, the project takes only 8 months to complete. In the context of self-knowledge, this scenario exemplifies the concept of ________.

  

the dual attitude system

   

the spotlight effect

   

the illusion of transparency

   

the planning fallacy

 

Question 12

4 / 4 pts

Identify a characteristic that is most commonly identified with individualistic cultures.

  

They emphasize personal achievement.

  

They disapprove of egotism.

   

They encourage positive social engagement.

   

They appreciate conformity.

 

 

Question 13

4 / 4 pts

A sense that one is competent and effective refers to one's:

  

self-esteem.

   

self-worth.

   

self-aggrandizement.

   

self-efficacy.

 

Question 14

4 / 4 pts

Identify the true statement about self-monitoring.

  

People high in self-monitoring are less likely to be dissatisfied in their marriages.

   

People high in self-monitoring are more committed to their relationships.

   

People low in self-monitoring are externally guided and are less likely to talk and act as they believe.

   

People low in self-monitoring care less about what others think.

 

Question 15

4 / 4 pts

Which of the following theories proposes that people exhibit self-protective emotional and cognitive responses, including adhering more strongly to their cultural worldviews and prejudices, when confronted with reminders of their mortality?

  

motivation crowding theory

   

sociocultural theory

   

terror management theory

  

attachment theory

 

 

Question 16

4 / 4 pts

Jonas has a group of friends in a social networking site. When any of his friends are on vacation in a foreign country and post pictures on the site, he feels bad about himself. To measure up to his friends, he often borrows money to take such vacations. Which of the following psychological phenomena is exemplified in this scenario?

  

social entropy

   

social interface

   

social comparison

  

social balance

 

 

Question 17

4 / 4 pts

Studies of "affective forecasting," as conducted by Wilson and Gilbert in 2003, required participants to predict their future:

  

thoughts.

  

family situation.

   

school performance.

   

emotions.

 

Question 18

4 / 4 pts

Who among the following most likely belongs to an individualistic culture?

  

Christopher, who associates himself with positive words and family and societal traits

   

Mia, who refrains from self-enhancement by believing that she is better than her classmates

   

Nicholas, who compares his grades with students who earn high grades in order to facilitate self-improvement

   

Jessica, who becomes angry and sad when her classmates question her personal identity

 

Question 19

4 / 4 pts

Which of the following terms denotes what we know and believe about ourselves?

  

self-control

   

self-concept

  

Schadenfreude

   

altruism

 

 

Question 20

4 / 4 pts

In the context of predicting our behavior, the planning fallacy is the tendency to:

  

overanalyze the significance of any task that must be completed.

   

underestimate how long it will take to complete a task.

  

predict accurately the number of people required to complete a task.

   

avoid making any specific plans for a short-term goal.

 

 

Question 21

4 / 4 pts

In the context of psychology, ________ are mental templates by which we organize our worlds.

  

schemas

  

perspectives

   

attributes

   

efficacies

 

 

Question 22

4 / 4 pts

Who among the following is most likely a narcissist?

  

Joshua, who reacts aggressively if his team members criticize him

  

Elizabeth, who is ready to work extra hours for the benefit of her team

   

Taylor, who cares about the well-being of her neighbors and friends

   

Harold, who is unpopular among his relatives and colleagues

 

 

Question 23

4 / 4 pts

The spotlight effect and the related illusion of transparency are two examples of the interplay between one's sense of ________ and one's social worlds.

  

self

  

morality

   

collectivism

   

social judgment

 

 

IncorrectQuestion 24

0 / 4 pts

Giving priority to the goals of one's group, such as one's family or workplace, and defining one's identity accordingly is known as:

  

narcissism.

   

collectivism.

   

individualism.

  

hedonism.

 

 

Question 25

4 / 4 pts

According to Woodzicka and LaFrance (2001), women reported that they would feel angry if asked sexually harassing questions during a job interview. When actually asked such questions, women more often experienced:

  

fear.

  

rage.

   

irritation.

   

annoyance.

 

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