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Homework answers / question archive / Textbook: Campbell Biology: Concepts and Connections
Textbook: Campbell Biology: Concepts and Connections. Reece, Taylor, et al, 9th Ed
A prokaryotic cell, procaryote, is a cell or organism that does not contain a true nucleus or organelles attached to the cell membrane. Prokaryotic cells are found in organisms belonging to the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
The distinction between the bacterial cell and the eukaryotic cell is simple. The nucleus of eukaryotic cells contains the nuclear membrane and various organelles that are membrane-bound and carry out particular functions within the cell. A prokaryotic cell, contrarily, is characterized by only a cellular membrane and no membranes that extend into the interior of the cell.
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Organelles |
Functions |
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Nucleus |
The nucleus, also known as the "brains" of the cell, coordinates the cell's actions and carries genetic material in the form of chromosomes formed of DNA. |
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Mitochondria |
The creation of energy is created through a membrane system that includes an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and an intermembrane gap. |
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Ribosomes |
Translates the mRNA's encoded information from the nucleus and attaches amino acids collected by the tRNA from the cytoplasm. |
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Golgi Apparatus |
Where proteins are created, processed, and packaged. |
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Lysosome |
The organelle has digestive enzymes that help to interrupt down food. |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum |
Rough: Ribosomes are attached to its surface, and it stores proteins in addition to serving as the extension of the nuclear membrane. Smooth - Ribosomes are absent from the smooth ER, either a collection of separate sacs or a continuance of the rough ER. It is responsible for the synthesis of lipids, steroids, and phospholipids in the body. |
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Vacuole |
Vacuoles are small containers that are used for storing water or food. |
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Plant Cell |
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Chloroplasts |
Chloroplasts are the organelle that's accountable for photosynthesis. |
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Cell Wall |
The wall that protects and support the cells of the plant. |
Phospholipids are fats that contain the phosphate group-a vital component of cell membranes. It's composed of two parts: the hydrophilic head and, therefore, the hydrophobic tail of the molecule. The phospholipid might be a triglyceride during which acid has been substituted with a phosphate group of some kind.
Phospholipids are considered as an amphipathic molecule that contributes to the formation of the cytomembrane's bilayer and maintenance the membrane’s fluidity. They are commonly found within the plasma membrane-the outermost layer of the animal cell. Phospholipids resemble fats because they are made up of acid chains connected to a glycerol backbone. Unlike triglycerides, which have three fatty acids, phospholipids only have two fatty acids. These two fatty acids help produce a fat called diacylglycerol.
