hate groups and right-right extremist ideology

Discuss the significant ideological differences between right-right wing extremists and hate groups. Give an example of each.

The right-right wing extremist is a vast movement governed by dehumanizing and anti-governmental principles in practice that exhibits threats. Extremists define their boundaries using exclusionary beliefs, violence, and propaganda. Besides, defining their inferiority through race, nationality, religion, sexuality, and ethnicity. These political movements are more radical in the mainstream conservatism in the United States, controlling large spheres (Holt et al., 2020).  The militia is one of the conspiracy-oriented and anti-governmental movements that formed after the deadly Waco standoff. This movement ideology is conspiracy-oriented and non-governmental. The primary reaction of the movement is against the federal gun control law; their main focus is on paramilitary actions.

 On the other hand, hate groups are organizations formed to delineate themselves against other people, religions, disabilities, sexual orientations, and nationalities. The organization of hate groups gains massive followers through rallies, criminal acts, leafleting, publishing literature, and public speeches. These entities influenced cyberspaces through false portray of their robust organization. Ku Klux Klan is one of the influential hate groups in American history as it is made up of a considerable number of fundamentally anti-Semitic and racist individuals. The hate group generally induced their hate to subcategories such as LGBT, immigrants, and religious groups (Adamczyk et al., 2014). The principal targets of the Ku Klux Klan were the black Americans and the immigrants into the United States. Millions of people lost their lives during the organization uprising, yet remnants of the brutal movement still exist in the modern world through cyberspaces. The ideology of this movement involved the white identity, anti-immigrants, anti-religion, anti-Semitism, and many other combinations of well-recognized conspiracy theories. These hate groups seek to profit themselves by selling hate materials like music, tradition, publication, and journals.

Internet and terrorism activities

Discuss the challenges that the Internet presents for law enforcement with the emergence of domestic terrorist groups

The Internet has emerged as a blessing to terrorists, who have found it a haven in the running of their activities; in doing so, the Internet presents a myriad of challenges to law enforcement. The Internet is where the masses can be found gathered. Terrorists take advantage of this gathering to spread propaganda that can easily find itself ingrained in many people's minds (Weimann, 2006). Mitigative measures have not worked in this aspect as controlling lots of accounts is quite a complex task. Terrorists, too, have the Internet providing a mass platform to do their meetings from different geological seminars, for example, webinars (Boer, 2015). The Internet offers access to a broad range of material on a potential target, maps, and aerial photos to boosts their activities. They can geo-locate their targets plans and execute their actions more efficiently. Websites have been used for fundraising by terrorist groups hence promoting their activities. Theft of financial data, credit card numbers has also been used in increasing their financial muscle. Cybercrimes have been the order of the day by present-day terrorists.

Despite the escalation of terrorist activities due to the increase in internet use, no specific instrument can fight back to the pervasive facets of terror groups. Besides, limited specialized training in online securities and practical aspects hinders terrorist investigations and prosecution in many countries around the globe.  The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes research indicates that most member states lack knowledge and technology in dealing with cyber-attacks, making it difficult to enact and maintain legislation to shut down terror activities (Rosand et al., 2008). The development of domestic terrorist groups like Islamic states and Al-Shabab represent a substantial global regime of terrorist movements that obtain support from massive online platforms and their religion gaining huge followers, making it challenging to criminalize their actions (Weimann, 2006). The development of the criminal justice system in the modern world is challenging due to the lack of universal conversation on internet management between states.

Conceptualization of terrorism and hate crimes

Explain the controversial issues regarding the definition and conceptualization of terrorism and hate crimes

            The definition of terrorism is a complex concept whose principles and methodological qualities vary widely among different scholars and experts. Scholars assert that there are varied ways to define terrorism, but one of the honest ways acknowledged globally defines terrorism as violence. Brent Smith, a top terrorism researcher, acknowledges the difficulty encountered in understanding the terrorism concept as most terrorist leaders have their sense of sacredness, humiliation, and individuality in the operation of their activity (Ewald et al., 2006). On the other hand, hate is reflected with a disposition of negative feelings, attitudes, or assertions towards a particular subject. Hate is influenced by powerlessness and feeling of desperation, making an individual willingly destroys other subjects. Hate crimes are the synthesis of violence and terror among extremist groups. Hate crime passes a conspicuous message that conveys suspicion, fear, and hostility to communities affecting their psychological and emotional existence.

            The definition of terrorism involves a culmination of events from the revolutionary era to the modern freedom fighter movements in the developed American government, as traced by (Hayden 2006).). Terrorism is not just a single violent action but ranges from human rights violations, intimidation, religious rationality, and coercion. Extremist activity resulting from hate crimes and non-violence activities like financial offset, cybercrimes, and neo-colonialism, defined by Freilich et al., defines significant parameters considered an act of terror (2014). Weinberg et al. describe terrorism as a politically modified violence that pursues public attention (2004). It is essential to understand that hate crimes such as racism, tribalism, gender segregation, religious beliefs, and ethnicity are significant contributors to terror activity around the globe.  Therefore, to mitigate the escalating incidents of hate crime leading to terror, it is considerate to reform laws by enacting a lawsuit that explores various civil rights to end terrorism around the globe.