1 

Ricardian equivalence is a theory given by David Ricardo which states that if the government increases its spending in order to stimulate the economic the aggregate demand wouldn't change as because people will save money as they expect to pay higher taxes to the government as spendings increases governments budget deficit.

A country's current level of debt affects Ricardian equivalence as if the country's current level of debt is high then the people will save more as they already know that the government will charge higher amounts of taxes in order to get rid of that debt, hence they'll spend less and save more.

2 

Answer:

Managing human resources effectively in companies that do business globally requires cultural awareness and the ability to respond quickly in dynamic environments. Human resource professionals typically handle the recruiting, interviewing, hiring, training and developing of employees that businesses need to achieve their business goals. They also establish the policies and procedures designed to ensure a fair, safe and productive work facility. Managing individuals in international settings requires motivating and inspiring employees to work collaboratively, even when they don't reside in the same location.

Providing Training

Human resource professionals maintain a productive environment by ensuring that employees have the skills and knowledge to accomplish job tasks. They make arrangements for training courses that enable employees to get the proper credentials for performing their function. This also ensures that companies adhere to all government regulations. For example, all companies must be certain that employees follow the standards for that assure a safe and healthy workplace setting. In Europe, work councils composed of both employers and employees might mandate training not covered by other trade union agreements.

Fostering Global Collaboration

As companies become more international, human resource professionals have become more generalist. They tend to know less about day-to-day, internal operations and focus more on ensuring personnel work effectively together as teams. They care about competitive advantage, profitability and economic survival during tough financial times. Their role may have been restricted to hiring employees, managing benefits and handling disciplinary action in the past, but human resource professionals now deal with controlling health care costs, reducing employee attrition and participating in the community, as well.

Working with Managers

Years ago, human resource professionals in traditional small business settings focused on completing administrative tasks, such as recruiting and hiring personnel, often without input from department managers. As companies become more global, human resource professionals act as business partners to interview and orient new employees to the workplace. A complex business operation typically requires specialized personnel, so human resource professionals must work cooperatively with managers on the production lines.

Building Teams

Human resource professionals who support international business operations typically must to ensure that diverse teams work well together. By conducting team-building workshops, promoting acceptance of cultural diversity and motivating employees to achieve strategic goals, they help their company build strong teams. By recognizing that in some countries individual recognition plays a larger role than others, human resource professionals can create awareness about how teams can function effectively across borders to maintain company profitability.

3 

Real GDP growth rate can be calculated as:

(GDP in current year - GDP in previous year) / GDP in previous year

Here, Current year is year 2017 and Previous year is 2018.

GDP in Previous Year= 9.6

GDP in Current Year= 10.5

Real GDP growth rate= (10.5 - 9.6) / 9.6

= 0.09375

= 9.38%

So, the correct option is c) 9.38%.