Historical Aspect of Policing

Robert Peel

Robert Peel is the father of democratic policing based on his established Metropolitan police in England. He formulated principles to maintain security and ensure safety among community members (Gaunt, 2020). Such principles sought to prevent crime, ensure community trust, and ensure unity and justice. They guided the police to demonstrate peace, administer their services in moderation, and consider the needs and expectations of the community to maintain law and order.

The Event in Political Era of Policing

During this period, police conducted their patrols across neighborhoods representing local politicians. Here, officers were hired and controlled by politicians who managed and ran precincts due to a lack of a civil service system. Such parties, including the local politicians and the police, played the same role. In the United States, the police played the role of pleasing and following local politicians' orders, which made such officers work in favor of politicians while combating community crimes (Gaunt, 2020). Besides, the new officers faced poor job security as they would be sent without training and required instructions in the rulebook. They had little supervision, and their patrol was conducted on foot and knew every community, population, and underlying problems. Their social services included soup lines, station housing, temporary lodging for new immigrant workers. It abolished slavery and established bona fide policies; the industrial revolution and police departments shaped modern policing across cities.

 

 

 

Professional Era

The professional era marked the genesis of the civil service system rather than political legitimacy. The system enforced the law, and thorough training was embarked for police officers in different academic institutions. This era led to management concepts regarding policing practices. For instance, radio cars and police would use the car while patrolling rather than on foot (Gaunt, 2020). Such services represented power, officers' control, mobility and used it to distance themselves from communities. Therefore, the introduction of radio cars significantly changed policing during the political era.

The Police Crises of the 1960s

The police crises included civil unrest among citizens who faced harsh political and social conditions. Citizens experienced unequal treatment, violation of their rights, and social injustices in courts of law. For instance, the case against Miranda v. Arizona was judged and closed before the police interrogated the suspects (Albrecht, 2021). Besides, any guilt against Miranda would not be used against the suspect to defend the prosecution. Such events triggered civil rights movements to fight for racial discrimination and injustices experienced.

Developments in Policing Since 1970

During this period, community policing developed that considered organizational structures, techniques, and results that enhanced decision-making. Here, zero-tolerance policies and other popular policies used aggressive tactics to manage minor disorders, combat crime, and ensure peace (Albrecht, 2021). Police agencies adopted PPUs and SWATs to maintain law and order across various communities.

 

 

Police Force Structure

The study reveals that no universal structure and size of police departments in the US. For instance, such departments include the FBI, persecutors, US secret service, courts, correctional agencies (parole, probation, and prisons), and juvenile justice systems (Albrecht, 2021). At the local level, the police structure includes sheriff departments and highway patrol. Each department has roles to play in administering justice, maintaining law and order, and protecting the rights of citizens.

Outline for Historical Aspect of Policing

I. Robert Peel

Robert Peel is the father of democratic policing based on his established Metropolitan police in England.

He formulated principles to maintain security and ensure safety among community members.

II. The Event in Political Era of Policing

During this period, police conducted their patrols across neighborhoods representing local politicians.

Here, officers were hired and controlled by politicians who managed and ran precincts due to a lack of a civil service system.

III. Professional Era

The professional era marked the genesis of the civil service system rather than political legitimacy.

The system enforced the law, and thorough training was embarked for police officers in different academic institutions.

This era led to management concepts regarding policing practices.

IV. The Police Crises of the 1960s

The police crises included civil unrest among citizens who faced harsh political and social conditions.

Citizens experienced unequal treatment, violation of their rights, and social injustices in courts of law.

V. Developments in Policing Since 1970

During this period, community policing developed that considered organizational structures, techniques, and results that enhanced decision-making.

VI. Police Force Structure

The study reveals that no universal structure and size of police departments in the US.

For instance, such departments include the FBI, persecutors, US secret service, courts, correctional agencies (parole, probation, and prisons), and juvenile justice systems.