Question 1

An enzyme involves a catalyst that lives in living organisms which helps in regulating chemical reactions but itself does not get altered in the process.  In short, it helps speeding chemical reactions occurring in the human body. Enzymes are critical for food digestion, respiration, and nerve function.  Enzymes have numerous functions which include degradation of macromolecules, signaling transduction, pumping ions as well as generating energy.  

Question 2

An enzyme as stated is a biological catalyst and a substrate is a molecule binding to an enzyme.  The chemical reaction between the two involves the enzyme being a factor reacting with the substrate while the substrate is the reactant species. The reaction occurring here does not affect the concentration of the enzyme. It means that in a reaction the enzyme would bind to numerous reactant molecules. The reactant molecules in this case become the substrate enzymes. 

Question 3

In chemical reactions, the reverse and forward reactions occur at the same rate creating a chemical equilibrium. Therefore, for the reaction to continues until reactants get exhausted, energy gets supplied for the reaction to go at all. In this case, the reactants are left for themselves which means they would remain in their current form.

Question 4

Enzymes function gets affected by temperatures, pH, and other factors. When the pH gets changed, it means that the enzyme shape will change. The molecule in enzymes usually has a charge. Therefore, the negative and positive molecules in amino acids would attract. As a result, the enzyme gets folded which changes the size of the active site.  When the pH is extreme, the enzyme becomes denatured. At low temperatures, there is a reduction in enzymes due to a decrease in molecular movement. The shape of the enzymes gets affected by high temperatures thus reducing their activities which in turn prevent them from working (Yang, et al., 2018).  Other factors affecting the function of the enzyme include their concentration. When there are plenty of substrates available, then enzymes work to their best. The activity of the enzyme increases when there is a concentration increase.

Question 5

There are several differences between exergonic and endergonic reactions. Reactions in endergonic involve covalent bonds while exergonic involves ionic bonds. Another difference is that endergonic reaction absorbs the energy that gets released by exergonic reactions.   Breaking the bonds between phosphates in ATP is an exergonic reaction due to the entropy which is an ADP disorder and is greater than that of ATP.

Question 6

The metabolic pathway involves an enzyme sequence that reacts to convert a substance to a final product. Metabolic pathways in human beings include glycolysis- glucose oxidation intending to get ATP.