Homework answers / question archive / McMaster University BIO 2EE3 CHAPTER 13 1)Which of these is the most widely used form of energy in cell processes? NADH Pyruvate Citrate Glucose ATP Oxidative phosphorylation uses ALL of the following for energy production EXCEPT Membrane-associated electron transport chain Phosphoenolpyruvate A proton motive force Electrons from NADH An ATP synthase The reaction PEP + ADP → Pyruvate + ATP is an example of which of these? Electron transport reaction Aldolase catalyzed reaction Oxidation/reduction reaction Substrate-level phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation Which of these is TRUE for a chemolithoautotroph? Inorganic molecules as energy sources and inorganic carbon as a carbon source Organic molecules as energy sources and organic carbon as a carbon source Inorganic molecules as energy sources and organic carbon as a carbon source Inorganic molecules as electron sources and organic carbon as a carbon source Organic molecules as electron sources and inorganic carbon as a carbon source How many NET molecules of ATP are produced during the Embden-Meyerhof pathway of glycolysis for every molecule of glucose that is converted into two molecules of pyruvate? 1 2 4 6 10 Microorganisms that rely solely on fermentation reactions for energy production make ATP primarily by this method Substrate-level phosphorylation Membrane bound ATPase Oxidative phosphorylation Electron transport phosphorylation Oxidation of NADH When does feedback inhibition of an enzyme occur? If an end product of the pathway binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme If an end product of the pathway binds to the active site of the enzyme If the coenzyme fails to bind to the active site of the enzyme If a competitive inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme If a noncompetitive inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme Which of these is not an electron carrier used in the electron transport system? Iron-sulfur proteins ATPase Cytochromes Quinones Flavoproteins How is ATP primarily produced in chemolithotrophs? Using reduced inorganic molecules as electron acceptors for the electron transport system Anaerobic respiration Fermentation reactions Electrons moving through an electron transport system to generate a proton motive force Glycolysis and TCA cycle reactions Enzymes that break down proteins into individual amino acids Proteases Lipases Reductases Amylases Dehydrogenases Chlorophyll a maximally absorbs light energy at what frequency? 430 nm and 662 nm 550 nm 75- nm and 850 nm 900 nm 800 nm and 950 nm Some anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria are able to use as an electron source H2S Light Co2 Nitrate H2O Cyanobacteria use as an electron source for the reduction of NADP+ Nitrate Carbon dioxide Glucose Water Sulfur The key carbon dioxide fixation reaction in the Calvin Cycle is carried out by which enzyme? Ribulose 1,5-biphosphate kinase Ribose 1,5-biphosphate transcarboxylase Ribose 1,5-biphosphate kinase Ribose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase Ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase Which nitrogen species is most readily incorporated into an organic molecule in the cell? Nitrate Dinitrogen Ammonia Nitrite Nitric oxide What is denitrification? Assimilation of ammonia by cell Reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen Reduction of dinitrogen to nitrate Assimilation of nitrate by cell Production of nitrate from ammonia The most common lipids in the cell are synthesized from Glycerol and hopanoids Fatty acids and hopanoids Fatty acids and sterol Fatty acids and glycerol Hopanoids and sterols What does a large positive ΔE0’ indicate for a redox reaction It is endergonic It will require an input of energy It is energetically unfavourable It is spontaneous It has a positive ΔG0’ Which of these is an example of a coenzyme Kinase Glucose Iron Cytochrome c NAD+ When oxygen reacts with hydrogen gas, water is produced as the product in this oxidation- reduction reaction

McMaster University BIO 2EE3 CHAPTER 13 1)Which of these is the most widely used form of energy in cell processes? NADH Pyruvate Citrate Glucose ATP Oxidative phosphorylation uses ALL of the following for energy production EXCEPT Membrane-associated electron transport chain Phosphoenolpyruvate A proton motive force Electrons from NADH An ATP synthase The reaction PEP + ADP → Pyruvate + ATP is an example of which of these? Electron transport reaction Aldolase catalyzed reaction Oxidation/reduction reaction Substrate-level phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation Which of these is TRUE for a chemolithoautotroph? Inorganic molecules as energy sources and inorganic carbon as a carbon source Organic molecules as energy sources and organic carbon as a carbon source Inorganic molecules as energy sources and organic carbon as a carbon source Inorganic molecules as electron sources and organic carbon as a carbon source Organic molecules as electron sources and inorganic carbon as a carbon source How many NET molecules of ATP are produced during the Embden-Meyerhof pathway of glycolysis for every molecule of glucose that is converted into two molecules of pyruvate? 1 2 4 6 10 Microorganisms that rely solely on fermentation reactions for energy production make ATP primarily by this method Substrate-level phosphorylation Membrane bound ATPase Oxidative phosphorylation Electron transport phosphorylation Oxidation of NADH When does feedback inhibition of an enzyme occur? If an end product of the pathway binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme If an end product of the pathway binds to the active site of the enzyme If the coenzyme fails to bind to the active site of the enzyme If a competitive inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme If a noncompetitive inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme Which of these is not an electron carrier used in the electron transport system? Iron-sulfur proteins ATPase Cytochromes Quinones Flavoproteins How is ATP primarily produced in chemolithotrophs? Using reduced inorganic molecules as electron acceptors for the electron transport system Anaerobic respiration Fermentation reactions Electrons moving through an electron transport system to generate a proton motive force Glycolysis and TCA cycle reactions Enzymes that break down proteins into individual amino acids Proteases Lipases Reductases Amylases Dehydrogenases Chlorophyll a maximally absorbs light energy at what frequency? 430 nm and 662 nm 550 nm 75- nm and 850 nm 900 nm 800 nm and 950 nm Some anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria are able to use as an electron source H2S Light Co2 Nitrate H2O Cyanobacteria use as an electron source for the reduction of NADP+ Nitrate Carbon dioxide Glucose Water Sulfur The key carbon dioxide fixation reaction in the Calvin Cycle is carried out by which enzyme? Ribulose 1,5-biphosphate kinase Ribose 1,5-biphosphate transcarboxylase Ribose 1,5-biphosphate kinase Ribose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase Ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase Which nitrogen species is most readily incorporated into an organic molecule in the cell? Nitrate Dinitrogen Ammonia Nitrite Nitric oxide What is denitrification? Assimilation of ammonia by cell Reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen Reduction of dinitrogen to nitrate Assimilation of nitrate by cell Production of nitrate from ammonia The most common lipids in the cell are synthesized from Glycerol and hopanoids Fatty acids and hopanoids Fatty acids and sterol Fatty acids and glycerol Hopanoids and sterols What does a large positive ΔE0’ indicate for a redox reaction It is endergonic It will require an input of energy It is energetically unfavourable It is spontaneous It has a positive ΔG0’ Which of these is an example of a coenzyme Kinase Glucose Iron Cytochrome c NAD+ When oxygen reacts with hydrogen gas, water is produced as the product in this oxidation- reduction reaction

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BIO 2EE3

CHAPTER 13

1)Which of these is the most widely used form of energy in cell processes?

1. NADH
2. Pyruvate
3. Citrate
4. Glucose
5. ATP

Oxidative phosphorylation uses ALL of the following for energy production EXCEPT
1. Membrane-associated electron transport chain
2. Phosphoenolpyruvate
3. A proton motive force
4. Electrons from NADH
5. An ATP synthase

The reaction PEP + ADP → Pyruvate + ATP is an example of which of these?
1. Electron transport reaction
2. Aldolase catalyzed reaction
3. Oxidation/reduction reaction
4. Substrate-level phosphorylation
5. Oxidative phosphorylation

Which of these is TRUE for a chemolithoautotroph?
1. Inorganic molecules as energy sources and inorganic carbon as a carbon source
2. Organic molecules as energy sources and organic carbon as a carbon source
3. Inorganic molecules as energy sources and organic carbon as a carbon source
4. Inorganic molecules as electron sources and organic carbon as a carbon source
5. Organic molecules as electron sources and inorganic carbon as a carbon source

How many NET molecules of ATP are produced during the Embden-Meyerhof pathway of glycolysis for every molecule of glucose that is converted into two molecules of pyruvate?
1. 1
2. 2
3. 4
4. 6
5. 10

Microorganisms that rely solely on fermentation reactions for energy production make ATP primarily by this method
1. Substrate-level phosphorylation
2. Membrane bound ATPase
3. Oxidative phosphorylation
4. Electron transport phosphorylation
5. Oxidation of NADH

When does feedback inhibition of an enzyme occur?
1. If an end product of the pathway binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme
2. If an end product of the pathway binds to the active site of the enzyme
3. If the coenzyme fails to bind to the active site of the enzyme
4. If a competitive inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme
5. If a noncompetitive inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme

Which of these is not an electron carrier used in the electron transport system?
1. Iron-sulfur proteins
2. ATPase
3. Cytochromes
4. Quinones
5. Flavoproteins

How is ATP primarily produced in chemolithotrophs?
1. Using reduced inorganic molecules as electron acceptors for the electron transport system
2. Anaerobic respiration
3. Fermentation reactions
4. Electrons moving through an electron transport system to generate a proton motive force
5. Glycolysis and TCA cycle reactions

Enzymes that break down proteins into individual amino acids
1. Proteases
2. Lipases
3. Reductases
4. Amylases
5. Dehydrogenases

Chlorophyll a maximally absorbs light energy at what frequency?
1. 430 nm and 662 nm
2. 550 nm
3. 75- nm and 850 nm
4. 900 nm
5. 800 nm and 950 nm

Some anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria are able to use as an electron source
1. H2S
2. Light
3. Co2
4. Nitrate
5. H2O

Cyanobacteria use as an electron source for the reduction of NADP⁺
1. Nitrate
2. Carbon dioxide
3. Glucose
4. Water
5. Sulfur

The key carbon dioxide fixation reaction in the Calvin Cycle is carried out by which enzyme?
1. Ribulose 1,5-biphosphate kinase
2. Ribose 1,5-biphosphate transcarboxylase
3. Ribose 1,5-biphosphate kinase
4. Ribose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase
5. Ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase

Which nitrogen species is most readily incorporated into an organic molecule in the cell?
1. Nitrate
2. Dinitrogen
3. Ammonia
4. Nitrite
5. Nitric oxide

What is denitrification?
1. Assimilation of ammonia by cell
2. Reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen
3. Reduction of dinitrogen to nitrate
4. Assimilation of nitrate by cell
5. Production of nitrate from ammonia

The most common lipids in the cell are synthesized from
1. Glycerol and hopanoids
2. Fatty acids and hopanoids
3. Fatty acids and sterol
4. Fatty acids and glycerol
5. Hopanoids and sterols

What does a large positive ΔE0’ indicate for a redox reaction
1. It is endergonic
2. It will require an input of energy
3. It is energetically unfavourable
4. It is spontaneous
5. It has a positive ΔG⁰’

Which of these is an example of a coenzyme
1. Kinase
2. Glucose
3. Iron
4. Cytochrome c
5. NAD⁺

When oxygen reacts with hydrogen gas, water is produced as the product in this oxidation- reduction reaction. Hydrogen donates electrons to oxygen in the reaction. Which statement below is true about this reaction?
1. The electron acceptor in this reaction is oxidized
2. Oxygen is being reduced in the reaction
3. Oxygen is oxidized to water
4. The electron donor in this reaction is reduced
5. Hydrogen is being reduced in the reaction

Cyanobacteria carry out oxygenic photosynthesis producing oxygen as a byproduct from the oxidation of water, which serves as the electron donor for the light-dependent reactions. How would cyanobacteria be classified
1. Chemoorganoautotroph
2. Photoorganoautotroph
3. Photolithoautotroph
4. Chemoorganiheterotroph
5. Photolithoheterotroph

What are the NET products of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, when operating in the catabolic direction?
1. 2 CO2, 4 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 4 NADH
2. 2 pyruvate, 4 ATP, 4 NADH
3. 2 CO2, 2 pyruvate, 4 ATP, 4 NADH
4. 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
5. 2 CO2, 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

The products of yeast fermentation, when including the Embden-Meyerhof pathway of glycolysis for one molecule of glucose, are two ethano molecules as well as these others
1. 2 ATP and 2 NADH
2. 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 CO2
3. 4 ATP and 2 NADH
4. 4 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 CO2
5. 2 ATP and 2 CO2

The pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction catalyzes the oxidation and decarboxylation of pyruvate into which of these products
1. Acetic acid and CO2
2. Citrate
3. Lactic acid
4. Ethanol and CO2
5. An acetyl group and CO2

What can the proton motive force generated by the electron transport system be used for?
1. NADH oxidation, ATP synthesis, nutrient transport
2. ATP synthesis, flagella rotation, nutrient transport
3. Oxygen reduction, ATP synthesis
4. NADH oxidation, ATP synthesis, flagella rotation
5. NADH oxidation, flagella rotation, nutrient transport

Which of the following would NOT be appropriate as a terminal electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration
1. S⁰

NO ^-

SO ^2-

1. Fe³⁺
2. H2S

Term for the primary pathway for fatty acid oxidation
1. Reductive TCA pathway
2. Parnas pathway
3. Pentose phosphate pathway
4. B-oxidation pathway
5. Calvin cycle

What is the chromophore of the chlorophyll molecule composed of
1. A phycoerythrin molecule with an atom of magnesium in the center
2. A porphyrin molecule with an atom of iron in the center
3. A phycoerythrin with an atom of iron in the center
4. A porphyrin molecule with an atom of magnesium in the center
5. A carotenoid molecule with an atom of iron in the center

Which organisms contain bacteriochlorophyll
1. Cyanobacteria and green sulfur bacteria
2. Purple sulfur, purple non-sulfur, and green sulfur bacteria
3. Cyanobacteria and purple non-sulfur bacteria
4. Cyanobacteria
5. Cyanobacteria, purple sulfur bacteria, and green sulfur bacteria

How would the “dark reactions” of photosynthesis best be described
1. Reducing power generating reactions
2. Energy generating reactions
3. Part of photosystem II
4. Glycolytic reaction
5. Carbon dioxide fixing reaction

For what purpose is the reductive TCA cycle used by the green sulfur bacteria?
1. Energy generation
2. CO2 fixation
3. Respiration
4. Generation of reducing power
5. Glucose breakdown

How many ATP molecules is required to “fix” a molecule of nitrogen
1. 1
2. 2
3. 4
4. 8
5. 16

What is dissimulative nitrate reduction
1. The production of nitrite from nitrite
2. Nitrogen fixation
3. The incorporation of nitrate into cellular material
4. Anaerobic reduction of nitrate
5. The production of nitrate from ammonia

The biosynthesis of amino acids requires starting intermediates from which of these pathways?
1. Pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis
2. Glycolysis, TCA cycle, and pentose phosphate pathway
3. Glycolysis and TCA cycle
4. TCA cycle
5. Glycolysis

How do enzymes increase the rate of a biochemical reaction
1. By increasing the activation energy
2. By lowering the standard free energy
3. By lowering the reduction potential
4. By lowering the activation energy
5. By increasing the standard free energy

How is the activity of an allosteric enzyme regulated?
1. By a coenzyme
2. By covalent modification
3. Through the binding of an effector molecule
4. Through the binding of a competitive inhibitor
5. By substrate binding

The standard reduction potential (E0’) for ferredoxin (Fdox/Fdred) is (-0.43 V). Based on this, which of these would you expect to be true?
1. Reduced ferredoxin is a good electron donor
2. Reduced ferredoxin is a good electron acceptor
3. Cannot be determined without knowledge of the other reactant
4. Oxidized ferredoxin is a good electron donor
5. Oxidized ferredoxin is a good electron acceptor

Which of these is TRUE for a chemoorganoheterotroph?
1. Uses organic carbon as an electron source and inorganic carbon as a carbon source
2. Uses inorganic carbon as an energy source and organic carbon as a carbon source
3. Uses organic carbon as an electron source and a carbon source
4. Uses inorganic carbon as an electron source and organic carbon as a carbon source
5. Uses inorganic carbon as an energy source and a carbon source

Which of these are important products of the pentose phosphate pathway that are used in biosynthesis
1. NADPH, ribose-5-phosphate, and erythrose-4-phosphate
2. Pyruvate, ribose-5-phosphate, and NADPH
3. Pyruvate, erythrose-4-phosphate, and ribose-5-phosphate
4. Pyruvate, citrate, and erythrose-4-phosphate
5. Citrate, NADPH, and ribose-5-phosphate

Fermentation can most accurately be described by which of these?
1. The use of a terminal electron acceptor other than oxygen
2. A process that occurs in the absence of oxygen
3. The reoxidation of NADH by an electron transport chain
4. An energy producing process found in all anaerobes
5. The direct reoxidation of NADH by an internal organic molecule

Which of these sets are products of the TCA (Krebs) Cycle?
1. NADH, FADH2, ATP
2. NADH, ATP, CO2, oxaloacetate
3. NADH, FADH2, CO2, ATP
4. NADH, FADH2, oxaloacetate
5. NADH, FADH2, CO2, oxaloacetate

Which statement is TRUE with respect to the electron transport system?
1. A proton motive force is generated as electrons move through the system to a terminal acceptor
2. ATP is produced by a process called substrate-level phosphorylation
3. In prokaryotes, protons are transported into the cell as electrons move through the system
4. In bacteria, the electron transport system is located in the cytoplasm
5. The electron transport system accepts electrons directly from glucose

Which of these occurs in anaerobic respiration, but not in aerobic respiration?
1. Glucose is only partially oxidized to CO2
2. Glycolysis
3. A fermentation product is produced
4. NADH dehydrogenase is replaced by NADH oxidase
5. The terminal cytochrome oxidase is replaced by a cytochrome reductase

The product(s) of the light reactions of photosynthesis
1. ATP and NADPH
2. Glycose
3. Glucose and ATP
4. ATP
5. Glucose and NADPH

Where is the reaction center of photosystems located?
1. In periplasmic space
2. Within biological membrane
3. Within cell wall
4. Either in cytoplasm or within a membrane
5. In cytoplasm

How is ATP generated during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
1. Electron driven NADPH synthase
2. A proton motive force driven ATP synthase
3. Chloryphyll a
4. Carbon dioxide fixation
5. Substrate-level phosphorylation

Nitrogen fixation is the reduction of to ammonia for cell use
1. Nitric oxide
2. Hydroxylamine
3. Dinitrogen
4. Nitrate
5. Nitrite

Which amino acids are the primary nitrogen donors for biosynthetic reactions in the cell?
1. Glutamine and serine
2. Glutamine and glutamate
3. Glycine and glutamate
4. Serine and glutamate
5. Glycine and serine

Which of these best describes assimilatory sulfate reduction?
1. Reduction of sulfate for incorporation into cellular material
2. Reduction of sulfate to elemental sulfur
3. Reduction of sulfate to sulfide for excretion by the cell
4. Energy yielding process
5. Type of anaerobic respiration

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BIO 2EE3