McMaster University

BIO 2EE3

CHAPTER 3

1)What is the defining organelle of eukaryal cells?

1. 1. Golgi apparatus
   2. Nucleus
   3. Mitochondrion
   4. Lysosome
   5. Chloroplast

2. Which of these best represents the component(s) of the plasma membrane of eukaryal cells?
   1. Phospholipids, proteins, and sterols
   2. Proteins and sterols
   3. Phospholipids only
   4. Phospholipids and proteins
   5. Phospholipids and sterols

3. Chitin, a component of the fungal cell wall, is a polymer composed of                     .
   1. Amino acids
   2. Acetyl-glucosamine
   3. Dipicolinic acid
   4. Glucose
   5. Silica dioxide

4. Movement of the eukaryal cilia and flagella involves interaction between dynein motor proteins and   .
   1. PMF driven motors in the membrane
   2. Microtubules
   3. Intermediate filaments
   4. Intermediate filaments and actin
   5. Microfilaments

5. Which of these is a fungus widely used by molecular biologists to investigate the workings of eukaryal cells?
   1. Giardia lamblia
   2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
   3. Cephalosporium acremonium
   4. Penicillium notatum
   5. Dictyostelium discoideum

6. What are the two lines of evidence that support the endysymbiotic theory for the origin of chloroplasts?
   1. They are a unit membrane enclosed structure and they contain DNA
   2. They divide by binary fission and they contain DNA
   3. They are a unit membrane enclosed structure and they divide by mitosis
   4. They contain DNA and they divide by mitosis
   5. They divide by mitosis and approximately the same size as bacteria

7. The eukaryal cell emerged on Earth approximately                  years ago
   1. 4 billion
   2. 3 billion
   3. 2 billion
   4. 1 billion
   5. 500 million

8. Which of these comprises the viral genome?
   1. Single-stranded DNA
   2. Single-stranded RNA
   3. Double-stranded DNA
   4. Double-stranded RNA
   5. All of these choices are seen in viruses

9. What general shape is a virus with helical capsid symmetry?
   1. Square
   2. Icosahedral
   3. Rod shaped
   4. Spherical
   5. Round

10. What is the viral capsid composed of?
    1. Protein
    2. Glycogen
    3. Lipid
    4. Polysaccharide
    5. Nucleic acid

11. A single virus-infected cell may produce up to                              new virions
    1. 10

b. 100

c.     10,000

d. 1,000

e. One million

12. What is the most common way for enveloped viruses to enter animal cells?
    1. The virion directly injects its nucleic acid
    2. Endocytosis of the virion
    3. Via a hole in the cell membrane
    4. Through lysis of the cell
    5. The virion fuses itself to the cell membrane

13. The term for bacteriophage DNA that has integrated into the host cell chromosome and replicates along with the host cell chromosome is:
    1. Plasmid
    2. Transposon
    3. Prophage
    4. Retrophage
    5. Lysogen

14. Which domain contains the viruses?
    1. Bacteria
    2. Archaea
    3. Eukarya
    4. It depends upon their host
    5. They are not classified at the domain level

15. Which statement below is FALSE regarding mitochondria and chloroplasts?
    1. Both replicate independently of the host cell
    2. Both contain inner membranes
    3. Both contain DNA
    4. Both function in energy generation
    5. Both contain the enzymes for the glycolytic pathway

16. Which of these best describes chemiosmosis?
    1. The movement of inorganic nutrients across a biological membrane into or out of a cell
    2. The movement of organic nutrients across a biological membrane into or out of a cell
    3. The movement of protons across a biological membrane for energy production
    4. The movement of water across a biological membrane into or out of a cell
    5. The production of energy as a result of the reactions occurring in the glycolytic pathway

17. Molecular chaperones are proteins involved in which eukaryal cell process?
    1. Transcription
    2. Mitosis
    3. Protein folding
    4. Translation
    5. Energy production

18. Microtubules are composed of which protein?
    1. Keratin
    2. Myosin
    3. Tubulin
    4. Flagellin
    5. Actin

19. What is the slime-mold Dictyostelium discoideum commonly used to study?
    1. Cyst formation
    2. The fungal life cycle
    3. Flagella movement
    4. Evolution of multi-cellularity

20. Chloroplasts most likely originated from which of these independent organisms?
    1. Purple sulfue bacteria
    2. Alpha-proteobacteria
    3. Gamma-proteobacteria
    4. Anoxygenic photobacteria
    5. Cyanobacteria

21. Most viruses with helical capsid symmetry contain                       as their nucleic acid
    1. Double-stranded DNA
    2. Double-stranded RNA
    3. Single-stranded RNA
    4. Single-stranded DNA
    5. RNA/DNA dimer

22. Viruses that have icosahedral symmetry have                      faces and 12 vertices resulting in a spherical appearance
    1. 50
    2. 30
    3. 20
    4. 10
    5. 40

23. Many enveloped viruses exit their host cell through a process called
    1. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
    2. Budding
    3. Cell lysis
    4. Phagocytosis
    5. Exocytosis

24. How do bacteriophages invade the bacteria cell?
    1. Through lysis of the cell
    2. The bacteriophage directly injects its nucleic acid
    3. Endocytosis of the bacteriophage
    4. Via a hole in the cell membrane
    5. The bacteriophage fuses itself to the cell membrane

25. All of the following methods can be used to quantify viruses EXCEPT:
    1. Viral protein assay
    2. Plaque assay
    3. Endpoint assay to determine ID50
    4. Endpoint assay to determine LD50
    5. Hemagglutinin assay

26. What is the Baltimore classification scheme for viruses based on?
    1. Strandedness and type of nucleic acid
    2. Type of host the virus infects
    3. Type of capsid found in virion
    4. Type of virion symmetry
    5. Presence or absence of an envelope

27. Eukaryal proteins that are secreted outside of the cell undergo modification before secretion. Which organelles are involved in this secretion pathway?
    1. The lysosome and mitochondria
    2. The mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum
    3. The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
    4. The endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome
    5. The mitochondria and Golgi apparatus

28. What is the basic chemical structure of a phospholipid in a eukaryal cell?
    1. A fatty acid with a phosphate attached at the carboxyl end
    2. A glycerol molecule with two phosphates and a fatty acid attached
    3. A glycerol molecule with two fatty acids and a phosphate attached
    4. A glycerol molecule with cholesterol attached
    5. A glycerol molecule with cholesterol and phosphate attached

29. Which alga is commonly used as a model eukaryal organism to study flagellar operation?
    1. Synechococcus elongates
    2. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
    3. Euglena gracilis
    4. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    5. Trypanosoma cruzi

30. What is the first step in the viral replication cycle?
    1. Viral RNA translation
    2. Entry into the cell
    3. RNA synthesis
    4. Genome synthesis
    5. Attachment to the cell

31. What is the most common way for non-enveloped viruses to enter animal cells?
    1. Endocytosis of the virion
    2. The virion fuses itself to the cell membrane
    3. Through lysis of the cell
    4. The virion directly injects its nucleic acid
    5. Via a hole in the cell membrane

32. What technique is usually used for the quantification of a bacteriophage suspension?
    1. PCR assay
    2. Protein-based assay
    3. Plaque assay
    4. Direct count
    5. Loop dilution assay

33. The Internal Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) classification scheme uses all of the following criteria to classify viruses EXCEPT:
    1. Virion morphology
    2. The type of nucleic acid they contain
    3. The host they infect
    4. Ribosomal RNA sequence
    5. Presence or absence of an envelope