North Lake College

PSYC 2301

Package Title: Testbank

Course Title: Real World Psychology

Chapter Number: Chapter 11

Question Type: Multiple Choice

1)Sharon’s relatively stable and enduring pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions is known as her        .

1. 1. character
   2. trait
   3. temperament
   4. personality

2. According to your text, one of the best definitions of personality is your                       .
   1. unique and relatively stable pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions
   2. relatively stable characteristics that describe you
   3. innate tendencies to think, act, and feel in a certain way in all situations
   4. innate disposition toward the world and environment

3. Samsara is aloof and self-contained. She prefers to read and work on her computer rather than engage in camping or other outdoor activities. She feels emotions deeply, but rarely displays them. Her thoughts are complex and focused on philosophical questions rather than everyday practicalities. This is a description of Samsara’s                                                                                                .
   1. basic temperament
   2. psychopathology
   3. personality disorder
   4. personality

4. A major premise underlying psychoanalytic or psychodynamic theories of personality is that

             .

1. 1. conscious thoughts and feelings overcome unconscious motives
   2. unconscious processes and unresolved past conflicts have a major effect on our behavior
   3. unconscious forces are responsible for negative behaviors, whereas conscious forces are responsible for positive ones
   4. unconscious motives direct all behavior, positive or negative

5. According to Freud, the thoughts and information that you are currently aware of, or remembering, is called your                  .

1. 1. psyche
   2. id
   3. ego
   4. conscious

6. According to Freud, the thoughts and information that you can easily bring to awareness is called your     .
   1. subconscious
   2. psyche
   3. conscious
   4. preconscious

7. The thoughts and motives that lie beyond a person’s normal awareness are found in what Freud calls the     .
   1. hypnogogic stage
   2. psychosexual stage
   3. unconscious
   4. ego-ideal  

8. According to Freud, repressed sexual and aggressive urges, as well as irrational thoughts, are housed in the     mind.
   1. conscious
   2. preconscious
   3. unconscious
   4. both a and c

9. Freud believed that many of the ideas stored in the unconscious mind might explain

                           .

1. 1. poor eating habits
   2. psychological disorders
   3. intelligence
   4. height

10. According to Freud, the three mental structures that form personality are the                     .

1. unconscious, preconscious, and conscious
2. oral, anal, and phallic
3. Oedipus, Electra, and sexual/aggressive
4. id, ego, and superego

11. The                 is concerned with immediate gratification and the avoidance of discomfort.

1. id
2. ego
3. superego
4. collective unconscious

12. The part of the psyche that Freud thought was the reservoir of mental energy is the                     .

1. unconscious
2. preconscious
3. id
4. ego

13. A student who is hungry in the cafeteria decides to push ahead of the line to get food. What part of his personality is dominating in this situation?

1. id
2. ego
3. superego
4. collective unconscious

14. The                principle asserts that the only motivation for behavior is the immediate gratification of needs.

1. sensation-seeking
2. pleasure
3. immaturity
4. unconscious

15. The id’s attempts at immediate gratification of needs and avoidance of pain are controlled and channeled by the .

1. ego
2. superego
3. ego and superego
4. parents and other authority figures

16. The rational part of the psyche that deals with reality and tries to meet the needs of the other two mental structures is called the                                          .

1. id
2. ego
3. superego
4. none of these options

17. Eric is very hungry, but instead of cutting the line in the cafeteria, he decides to wait in line to get food. Which part of his personality is dominating his behavior at the present moment?

1. id

2. ego
3. unconscious
4. preconscious

18. The                principle asserts that the ego tries to meet the demands of the id, superego, and the practicalities of the environment.

1. compromising
2. environmental demands
3. reality
4. morality

19. The           operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification. The operates on the reality principle, and the contains the conscience, which provides moral guidance for the ego.

1. psyche; ego; id
2. id; ego; superego
3. conscious; preconscious; unconscious
4. oral stage; anal stage; phallic stage

20. When a child learns the rules and values of parents and society, and incorporates them into his own psyche, that child has developed his                                              .

1. subconscious
2. spiritual consciousness
3. ethical ego
4. superego

21. Jason is twenty-five years old and goes against his parents’ house rules by smoking cigarettes inside the house; he feels guilty about it but can’t break the smoking habit. This is the role of the

                             .

1. id
2. ego
3. superego
4. unconsciou

22. “I'm going to take this candy because I want it NOW!” said the                         . “But, stealing is wrong,” said the   . “Let's ask mom if she'll advance our allowance so we can buy it today,” said the  .

1. animus; anima; archetype
2. superego ; id; codependent
3. ego; id; superego
4. id; superego; ego

23. A disadvantage to the superego is that it unrealistically strives for                       .

1. moral behavior in an immoral world
2. perfection
3. immediate gratification
4. compromise

24. The result of the ego’s failure to satisfy both id and superego is                      .

1. unconscious guilt
2. anxiety
3. fixation
4. regression

25. To prevent the                associated with the ego’s failure to satisfy both the id and superego, people develop and use                               .

1. unconscious guilt; archetypes
2. fixation; an ego-ideal
3. regression; preconscious cognitions
4. anxiety; defense mechanisms

26. Defense mechanisms are unconscious strategies employed by the ego to reduce                        and avoid conflict.

1. unconscious guilt
2. anxiety
3. fixation
4. regression

27. Which part of the personality operates on the morality principle?

1. the id
2. the ego
3. the superego
4. the supraego

28. As a young man is having a romantic encounter with his new girlfriend, he addresses his new girlfriend by his old girlfriend's name. This is an example of a                                                                            .

1. Freudian slip
2. repression
3. sublimation
4. regression

29. Used excessively, defense mechanisms can be dangerous because they                   .

1. hide true feelings
2. become ineffective
3. distort reality
4. become fixated

30. The defense mechanism that prevents unacceptable impulses from coming into awareness is called             .

1. regression
2. oppression
3. repression
4. denial

31. Victor’s religious beliefs prohibit sexual expression until after marriage. He takes up painting nudes to deal with his sexual impulses. This is an example of the defense mechanism called                                                      .

1. repression
2. projection
3. displacement
4. sublimation

32. You would rather have fun with your new dating partner than study for your math exam. You know you will do poorly on the exam if you don’t study, but tell yourself that having fun will help you relax for the exam. This is an example of the defense mechanism called .

1. intellectualization
2. rationalization
3. sublimation
4. reaction formation

33. Nelson learns in his Human Sexuality class that it is not uncommon for young adolescents to have sexual attractions or fantasies for persons of the same sex. Nelson vehemently protests that he has never had even the slightest physical attraction or thoughts about the same sex. This is an example of the defense mechanism called        .

1. denial
2. projection
3. reaction formation
4. intellectualization

34. Gabrielle didn’t study for this exam and really wants to cheat. This is entirely unacceptable to her superego, which won’t let her do this. However, Gabrielle thinks she sees nearly everyone else in the class cheating during the exam. This is an example of the defense mechanism called                                                                                 .

1. sublimation
2. reaction formation
3. displacement
4. projection

35. Pedro was just diagnosed with testicular cancer. Rather than deal with his feelings about this, he searches the Internet for information, academically discusses the disorder with his family and friends, and endlessly debates the pros and cons of treatment with his doctor. This is an example of the defense mechanism called     .

1. intellectualization
2. rationalization
3. sublimation
4. denial

36. Norm is sexually attracted to Lilith, a married woman. Instead of acknowledging this attraction, Norm develops an intense dislike for Lilith. This is an example of the defense mechanism called  .

1. reaction formation
2. regression
3. repression
4. denial

37. Every time Nikolai gets into a big argument with his wife, he runs to his mother’s home for comfort and approval. This is an example of the defense mechanism called                                                 .

1. sublimation
2. regression
3. displacement
4. projection

38. Dr. X is sexually attracted to her newest client. Rather than having sex with him, she makes passionate love to her husband that night. This is an example of the defense mechanism called

             .

1. displacement
2. projection
3. sublimation
4. regression

39. According to your text, most psychologists agree that defense mechanisms                      .

1. can be healthy when not used excessively
2. are unhealthy and should be eliminated through therapy
3. are a sign of emotional damage that cannot be corrected in therapy
4. are used excessively by most people in modern society

40. The five developmental periods during which particular kinds of pleasures must be gratified for personality development to proceed normally are known as                                                   .

1. Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development
2. Piaget’s cognitive stages of development
3. Kohlberg’s moral stages of development
4. Freud’s psychosexual stages of development

41. According to Freud, regression to a prior stage of development may be related to                       .

1. pleasure
2. an overgratification of needs at that stage
3. a fulfillment of needs at that stage
4. overconfidence

42. According to Freud, if a child’s needs are not met or are overindulged at one particular psychosexual stage, the child may become                                               .

1. psychotic
2. immoral
3. fixated
4. regressed

43. According to Freud, if an individual’s needs were                       during a particular stage of development, that person would remain stuck at that stage.

1. fulfilled
2. met
3. overindulged or not met
4. properly intellectualized

44. Which of the following is one of the erogenous zones in Freud’s psychosexual stages?

1. mouth
2. toes
3. eyes
4. breasts

45. Which of the following is the correct sequence of Freud’s psychosexual stages of development?

1. oral > anal > phallic > latency > genital
2. oral > phallic > anal > latency > genital
3. oral > latency > anal > genital > phallic
4. oral > anal > genital > latency > phallic

46. Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

1. oral conflict: language development
2. anal conflict: toilet training
3. phallic conflict: Oedipus complex or penis envy
4. genital task: establish intimate relationships

47. Which of the following erogenous zones is incorrectly matched?

1. genital stage: genitals
2. phallic stage: genitals
3. latency: no primary erogenous zone
4. anal: breasts

48. An unsuccessful resolution of the toilet training conflict during childhood may result in an adult who is        .

1. highly controlled, but messy and disorderly
2. compulsively neat, but rebellious and destructive
3. unable to control his bowels or bladder
4. anal-retentive or anal-expulsive

49. According to Freud, during the phallic stage of psychosexual development, children develop

             , which is a desire for the opposite-sex parent along with hostility toward the same-sex parent.

1. homosexual tendencies
2. an Oedipus complex
3. retentive-expulsive fantasies
4. womb or penis envy

50. Conan constantly wants to be near his mother, receiving her affectionate touching and kissing. He wants nothing to do with his father and actively stands between his parents to keep them from hugging each other. According to Freudian theory, it is likely that Conan is                                                                   .

1. developing a neurosis
2. developing homosexual tendencies
3. in the middle of the Oedipus complex
4. being overindulged by his mother and underindulged by his father

51. According to Freud, most girls                    .

1. blame their mothers for their lack of a penis
2. feel a special attachment for their mothers
3. have a higher level of moral development and overcome penis envy
4. blame their fathers for their lack of a penis

52. Clement is a gullible, dependent, and passive adult. Freud might say Clement was                         

during                 stage of development.

1. frustrated; the anal
2. overindulged; the phallic
3. overindulged; the oral
4. frustrated; every

53. According to Freud, sexual relationships based on lust rather than emotional attachment and a desire for commitment are indicators that an individual                                          .

1. is in the phallic stage of development
2. has failed to master the genital stage of development
3. is fixated at the oral stage of development
4. has mastered the latency stage of development

54. The latency stage of development typically occurs from                              .

1. birth to 2 years of age
2. 3 to 6 years of age
3. 6 years to puberty
4. puberty to adult

55. The phallic stage of development typically occurs from                               .

1. birth to 2 years of age
2. 3 to 6 years of age
3. 6 years to puberty
4. puberty to adult

56. Adler believed the primary motivation in life is to overcome                       .

1. feelings of inferiority
2. feelings of superiority
3. basic anxiety
4. collective unconscious fears of the anima and animus

57. According to Adler, feelings of helplessness and incompetence during childhood result in

             .

1. mistrust
2. basic anxiety
3. an inferiority complex
4. learned helplessness

58. A positive outcome of a child’s “will-to-power” is manifested by                         , whereas a negative

outcome is characterized by                  .

1. mastery and control; striving for superiority
2. striving for perfection; an inferiority complex
3. striving for superiority; learned helplessness
4. an internal locus of control; an external locus of control

59. Which of the following is associated with Adler's individual psychology?
    1. will power
    2. inferiority complex
    3. anxiety
    4. self-efficacy

60. Besides sexual and aggressive forces, Jung believed the unconscious contained                       .

1. basic anxiety
2. a will-to-power
3. a striving for superiority
4. positive and spiritual motives

61. According to Jung, our collective unconscious consists of                        .

1. inherited archetypes
2. one’s cultural architecture
3. the “archaeology of the soul”
4. the collective preconscious

62. According to Jung, the primitive images and patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior that reside in the collective unconscious are called                                               .

1. animal instincts
2. archetypes
3. the latent unconscious
4. the Oedipus complex

63. Because death is universally symbolized by a skeleton, it makes it likely, according to Jung, that this image is located in the                                                                    .

1. personal unconscious
2. collective unconscious

3. animus
4. anima

64. In Jungian psychology, the archetypes for gender role are the                    .

1. mandala and mandalus
2. anima and animus
3. mother and father
4. phallus and flower

65. Jung believed that the anima and animus represent                  .

1. opposing forces in the superego
2. the life and death instincts
3. feminine and masculine components of personality
4. good and evil aspects of the id

66. Horney believed Freud's concept of penis envy                    .

1. reflected male biases
2. reflected men's feelings of cultural inferiority rather than biological inferiority
3. should be replaced by the term patriarchal envy
4. reflected female biases

67. Which of the following personality theorists contributed the concept of power envy?

1. Freud
2. Jung
3. Adler
4. Horney

68. Horney believed that the strongest influence on an individual’s personality was that person’s

             .

1. relationship with his or her parents
2. birth order

3. fixation at a psychosexual stage of development
4. power envy

69. Which of the following is a criticism of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?
    1. His concepts were viewed as outlandish.
    2. He underemphasized the role of sexuality and unconscious forces.
    3. He underemphasized the role of biological determinants.
    4. Some of his views were sexist.

70. Raymond Cattell reduced the list of over 4500 personality traits to 16 source traits using a method called        .

1. meta-analysis
2. factor analysis
3. trait theory
4. the Five-Factor Model

71. A relatively stable and consistent characteristic that can be used to describe someone is known as a(n)        .

1. character
2. trait
3. temperament
4. personality

72. Which of the following is a list of personality traits?

1. hunger, arousal, sensation-seeking, achievement
2. cheerful, honest, friendly, optimistic
3. tall, thin, dark-skinned
4. focused, sensation-seeking, moderately attractive

73. According to your text, the best definition of factor analysis is                       .

1. an objective measure of personality traits or factors
2. a statistical procedure used to determine the most basic units contained in a large array of data
3. the theory of personality that uses a variety of factors in analyzing character traits

4. a projective measure of personality traits or factors

74. Cattell and Eysenck both used the statistical technique called                       to determine a cluster of personality traits they believe are universally shared.

1. source analysis
2. trait reduction
3. statistics
4. factor analysis

75. Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

1. Allport: personality consists of a limited number of traits, arranged in a hierarchy
2. Cattell: proposed a list of 16 personality traits
3. Eysenck: personality consists of a relationship between three basic types of traits
4. Big Five: BEACH

76. Which of the following is among Eysenck’s basic types of traits?

1. optimism-pessimism
2. aggression
3. neuroticism
4. psychosis

77. The trait theory that explains personality in terms of openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism is called the                   .

1. BEACH theory
2. Five-Factor model
3. factor analysis theory
4. Cattell and Eysenck model

78. Which of the following is the correct list of traits in the Five-Factor model?

1. bravery, eagerness, adaptability, cheerfulness, honesty (BEACH)
2. strength, honesty, openness, respect, expectations (SHORE)
3. openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism (OCEAN)
4. worrisome, adaptable, venerable, extroverted, stable (WAVES)

79. Garner is imaginative, curious, and interested in new ideas; Brandy is conventional, down-to- earth, and has limited interests. It is likely that Garner scores high and Brandy scores low on the personality dimension of        in the Five-Factor model.

1. openness
2. adaptability
3. expectations
4. agreeableness

80. Bessie is gentle, cooperative, trusting, and helpful; Obadiah is outgoing, talkative, fun-loving, and affectionate. According to the Five-Factor model, it is likely that Bessie scores high on and Obadiah scores high on  .

1. openness; agreeableness
2. agreeableness; extroversion
3. extroversion; openness
4. eagerness; cheerfulness

81. Radford is emotionally unstable, insecure, anxious, and moody; Quinn is calm, even-tempered, easygoing, and relaxed. According to the Five-Factor model, it is likely that Radford scores      ; and Quinn scores  .

1. low on agreeableness; low on conscientiousness
2. low on adaptability; high on adaptability
3. high on neuroticism; low on neuroticism
4. high on introversion; low on eagerness

82. Susan is a student who always finishes her work on time, is never late, and is consistently reliable when it comes to her responsibilities to others. Susan is most likely                                                                  .

1. high in agreeableness
2. low in agreeableness
3. high in conscientiousness
4. low in conscientiousness

83. Hollard's personality job-fit theory predicts that                                          .

1. too much fit between personality and occupation can cause severe boredom
2. a good fit between personality and occupation predicts factors such as job satisfaction

3. a bad fit between personality and occupation predicts the incidence of aggressive crimes
4. a partial fit between personality and occupation predicts factors such as job success

84. Which Big Five personality trait was at the top of the list of the Mate Preferences chart for both genders?

1. conscientiousness
2. agreeable
3. openness
4. extraversion

85. If you took the                 approach to personality, you would emphasize internal experiences, like feelings and thoughts, and the basic worth of the individual.

1. humanistic
2. psychodynamic
3. personalistic
4. motivational

86. Two theorists associated with the humanistic perspective of personality development are

             .

1. Watson and Skinner
2. Freud and Jung
3. Rogers and Maslow
4. Horney and Adler

.

87. According to Rogerians, the information and beliefs you have about your nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior are called your                                                 .

1. self-esteem
2. self-concept
3. self-potential
4. actualizing self

88. In Rogers’s theory of personality, maladjustment is the result of                     .

1. incongruence between your ideal self and real self
2. an incompatibility between your self-concept and self-esteem
3. conditioned emotional responses
4. phenomenology

89. According to Rogers, if your self-concept is congruent with your life experiences, you are likely to   .

1. strive for superiority
2. be self-actualized
3. feel inferior to others
4. have a positive sense of self

90. Unconditional positive regard is a Rogerian term for                      .

1. accepting any and all behavior as a positive manifestation of self-actualization
2. love and acceptance toward a person without attaching any contingencies
3. nonjudgmental listening
4. phenomenological congruence

91. According to Rogers's concept of unconditional positive regard,                                                             .

1. parents should allow children to engage in whatever behaviors children want to
2. you should separate evaluation of the person from his or her bad behavior
3. you should combine evaluation of the person and his or her bad behavior
4. clients should be judged for their poor choices in order to move them forward in therapy

92. Mr. Polanski listens without judgment to his daughter's reasons for being late, then informs her that he disapproves of her behavior, and provides consequences. This is an example of                                      .

1. phenomenological parenting
2. unconditional positive regard
3. permissive parenting
4. authoritarian parenting

93. The innate tendency toward growth that motivates us to develop all our talents and capacities to their highest potential is called                                   .

1. self-realization
2. self-promotion

3. self-actualization
4. self-potentiation

94. The personality theorist who believed in the basic goodness of individuals and their natural tendency toward self-actualization was                                       .

1. Karen Horney
2. Alfred Adler
3. Abraham Maslow
4. Carl Jung

95. According to Maslow, what did Albert Einstein, Mahatma Gandhi, and Eleanor Roosevelt have in common?

1. They were all fully self-actualized.
2. They all engaged in unconditional positive regard toward others.
3. They were all humanists.
4. Each was a phenomenological success in his or her own field.

96. Which of the following is a characteristic of self-actualization?

1. taking a non-linear creative approach to life
2. a sense of superiority
3. understanding one's own potential
4. intelligence

97. The belief that your personality is the result of your unique history of interactions with the environment and your thoughts and interpretations about those interactions is called the                                                   approach to personality.

1. interactionist
2. cognitive-behavioral
3. self-within-society
4. social-cognitive

98. According to Bandura,                    involves a person’s belief about whether he or she can successfully engage in behaviors related to personal goals.

1. self-actualization
2. self-esteem
3. self-efficacy
4. self-congruence

99. Wilson took this psychology course once before and failed. However, he refuses to give up and believes that he can earn a “C” or better this time, even though he still has to work part-time. It is likely that Wilson .

1. suffers from delusions of grandeur
2. has a high locus of control
3. has high self-efficacy
4. is engaged in reciprocal determinism

100. According to                 , thoughts (or cognitions), behavior, and the environment all interact to produce personality.

1. reciprocal determinism
2. interactionism
3. confluence theory
4. reverberating circuits theory

101. Cecily believes she can become the top saleswoman in her company; consequently, she comes in early and stays late, which puts her in contact with more customers. Additionally, her enthusiasm inspires customers to pay attention to the benefits of her product, and every sale Cecily makes inspires her to make another. This is an example of Bandura’s theory of                                                                                                                      .

1. interaction
2. congruent behavior
3. synergistic success
4. reciprocal determinism

102. Rotter believed that personality or behavior is determined by your                     .

1. cognitive expectancies
2. cognitive reinforcers
3. self-expectancies
4. self-reinforcers

103. Della believes she earned an “A” in chemistry because the test was easy and she made a lot of lucky guesses. It is likely that Della has a(n)                                                      locus of control.

1. undervalued
2. external
3. negative
4. intrinsic

104. Devinia believes she earned an “A” in chemistry because she used the teacher’s study suggestions and worked hard all semester. It is likely that Devinia has a(n)                                                           locus of control.

1. overvalued
2. internal
3. positive
4. intrinsic

105. Malcolm consults his horoscope to determine what stocks to buy; Miles studies the financial section of the paper and follows the track record of companies he’s interested in before buying stocks. It is most likely that Malcolm                                                                              and Miles                .

1. will go broke; will get rich
2. has an external locus of control (LOC); has an internal LOC
3. has low self-efficacy; has high self-efficacy
4. believes in a bull market; believes in a bear market

106. Which of the following is true of people who possess an internal locus of control?

1. They have reached self-actualization.
2. They usually achieve more.
3. They are less likely to put effort into the tasks that they complete.
4. They believe that outside events dominate their lives.

107.                theories emphasize the importance of genetics in the development of personality.

1. Evolutionary
2. Phenomenological
3. Genological
4. Biological

108.                is associated with both novelty-seeking and extroversion.

1. Adrenaline
2. Dopamine
3. Norepinephrine
4. Serotonin

109. Compared to low-sensation seekers and introverts, high-sensation seekers and extroverts tend to have .

1. lower levels of physiological arousal
2. higher levels of serotonin
3. lower levels of psychological arousal
4. higher levels of norepinephrine

110.                             is the study of the extent to which behavioral differences are due to genetics rather than the environment.

1. The biobehavioral approach
2. The genetic-environmental perspective
3. Behavioral genetics
4. The biopsychosocial model

111. Studies on the Big Five personality traits shows a heritability of                                              %.

1. 10 to 20
2. 40 to 50
3. 20 to 25
4. 80 to 90

112.               appear(s) to have the largest influence (40 to 50%) on personality.

1. The unshared environment
2. Shared environments
3. Genetics
4. Nurturing

113. Studies on extroversion and neuroticism show that these traits correlate                                        with

                         parents than with                         parents.

1. more strongly; adopted; biological
2. less strongly; biological; adopted
3. the same; biological; adopted
4. more strongly; biological; adopted

114. The unshared environment in studies of personality refers to differences in                     .

1. the genetic makeup of individuals

2. aspects of the environment that differ between individuals within a family
3. cultural practices
4. the living conditions and economic circumstances between family groups

115. What percentage of our personality is determined by unknown factors? a) 40–50%

b) 27%

c) 7%

d) 16–26%

116. It is believed that 40 to 50% of the influence on personality results from                              factors.

1. unshared environmental
2. shared environmental
3. genetic

4. unknown

117. The                 approach represents a blending of several theories of personality.

1. unification
2. association
3. biopsychosocial
4. phenomenological

118. Which of the following is used by a psychologist to assess someone’s personality?

1. lie detector test
2. an IQ test
3. an unstructured interview
4. objective handwriting analysis

119. The manager at a fast-food restaurant prefers to conduct                    interviews of potential employees and talks with them informally while walking through a nearby park; the manager at Sunny Manufacturers prefers           interviews and asks specific, formal questions following a set procedure.

1. projective; objective
2. biographical; standardized
3. unstructured; structured
4. friendly; threatening

120. Which of the following psychologists is most likely engaged in an observational assessment of personality?

1. Dr. Lee makes a note on his attendance record of students who are late to class.
2. Dr. Abramson remarks to his wife that she is drinking too much during the ball game.
3. Dr. Carson watches how 6-year-old Omar interacts with others in his new classroom.
4. Dr. Tsoples notices that her friend is tailgating the car ahead of them.

121. Julio is having troubles with his wife, as well as with his son. What would the best method be

to assess Julio’s personality as well as his family dynamics?

1. interview
2. observation
3. objective test
4. projective test

122. Phrenology refers to the study of                 .

1. mental illness, based on the size of a person’s head
2. personality, based on the location of bumps on a person’s head
3. animal personality, based on an animal's social interactions
4. character, based on nonverbal behaviors and physical features

123. If you received a blow to your head that left a visible bump, which of the following professionals would refuse to perform an assessment on you until the bump subsided?

1. a neurologist
2. a phrenologist
3. a psychologist
4. a psychiatrist

124. On                personality tests, people are asked to describe themselves on paper-and-pencil tasks that have a limited number of response options and a standardized scoring system.

1. subjective
2. objective
3. projective
4. unstructured

125. A multiphasic personality test measures                   .

1. multiple personalities
2. a range of personality traits
3. personalities that emerge during different developmental phases
4. personalities that emerge depending on environment

126. The most widely researched and clinically used self-report personality test is the                        .

1. MMPI-2
2. Rorschach inkblot test
3. TAT
4. SVII

127. According to your text, the major objective of the MMPI-2 is to                       .

1. determine whether a patient's personality is normal
2. assess a person's propensity to lie or distort the truth
3. assist in the diagnosis of psychological disorders
4. determine workplace functioning

128. The MMPI-2 consists of                       clinical scales such as Depression and Hysteria.

1. 5
2. 10
3. 15
4. 20

129. The MMPI-2 consists of                       validity scales such as the “F” Scale.

1. 2
2. 4
3. 6
4. 8

130. The use of ambiguous, unstructured stimuli to assess personality is called

1. subjective
2. discriminative
3. projective
4. inductive

testing.

131. The Rorschach inkblot test and the Thematic Apperception Test are examples of

1. aptitude and achievement
2. projective personality
3. the most reliable and valid personality
4. culturally biased personality

tests.

132. The idea that a person will “project” her inner thoughts, feelings and conflicts onto an ambiguous stimulus is the basis for the                                            methods of personality assessment.

1. subjective
2. observational
3. projectional
4. projective

133. Ailsa has been given a card with an abstract shape on it and is asked “What might this be?” It is most likely that Ailsa is taking the                                                   personality test.

1. Rorschach
2. TAT
3. MMPI-2
4. WAIS-IV

134. On the Thematic Apperception Test, people are asked to look at an ambiguous scene and

                .

1. report what it looks like to them
2. tell a story about what has, is, and will happen in the scene
3. explain how they feel about the scene
4. nonverbally represent their reactions to the scene

135. Which of the following is true regarding objective personality tests?

1. They provide specific information about a limited number of personality traits.
2. They take a lot of time to administer and score, compared to projective tests.
3. People may attempt to answer in socially undesirable ways.
4. They may be culturally biased.

136. The Rorschach inkblot test is one of the most popular methods of personality assessment, which .

1. has low reliability and low validity
2. has high reliability but poor validity
3. has high validity but poor reliability
4. is quicker and easier to administer than the MMPI-2

137. At Samaritan Psychiatric Hospital, none of the psychologists can agree on the results of a personality test for a newly admitted patient. It is most likely that the test this patient took was the

             .

1. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)
2. original Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
3. Rorschach inkblot test
4. Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF)

138. Which of the following is true regarding projective personality tests?

1. Because there are no obvious right or wrong answers, it is harder to fake responses compared to objective tests.