Concordia University

EDUC 210

Module 6:

1)During music class, Lisa enthusiastically sings aloud with her class, but the teacher comments, "Lisa, please...you sound like an owl in a torture chamber." Lisa turns bright red. The next week she feels ill when it is time to go to music class again. Feeling anxiety at the prospect of going to music class is an example of

1. 1. 1. 1. an unconditioned stimulus.
         2. classical conditioning.
         3. cognitive learning.
         4. social learning.

1. 1. 2. In an experiment, an electric can opener is used to open a can, and no salivation by the subject is detected. After a number of pairings between the can opener's operation and food, any time the can opener is used, the subject salivates. The conditioned response in this study is the

1. 1. 1. 1. can opener.
         2. food.
         3. salivation to the can opener.
         4. salivation to the food.

1. 1. 3. A consequence is defined by Skinner as a reinforcer or a punisher depending on whether it

1. 1. 1. 1. increases or decreases the frequency of the behaviour that it follows.
         2. is designed to promote desirable behaviour or suppress undesirable behaviour.
         3. is pleasurable or uncomfortable for the subject receiving the consequence.
         4. occurs antecedent to or as a consequence of the behaviour.

1. 1. 4. Removing an aversive stimulus to increase the frequency of a behaviour exemplifies

1. 1. 1. 1. negative reinforcement.
         2. positive reinforcement.
         3. presentation punishment.
         4. removal punishment.

1. 1. 5. 17-year-old Kelly receives a ticket for speeding. Her parents take away the privilege of using the car. Her parents are using

1. 1. 1. 1. negative reinforcement.
         2. positive reinforcement.
         3. presentation punishment.
         4. removal punishment.

1. 1. 6. Slot machines that pay off after an indeterminate number of uses illustrate what schedule of reinforcement?

1. 1. 1. 1. Fixed-interval
         2. Fixed-ratio
         3. Variable-interval
         4. Variable-ratio

1. 1. 7. What schedule of reinforcement is most likely to be involved when teachers give "pop" quizzes?

1. 1. 1. 1. Fixed-interval
         2. Fixed-ratio
         3. Variable-interval
         4. Variable-ratio

1. 1. 8. The Premack Principle states that

1. 1. 1. 1. a less-preferred activity is postponed until after a preferred activity.
         2. a preferred activity is withheld until rewards are earned.
         3. a preferred activity is a reinforcer for a less-preferred activity.
         4. less-preferred activities can be very effective as punishment activities.

1. 1. 9. Shaping is an appropriate method for developing new behaviour when

1. 1. 1. 1. no appropriate reinforcers can be found.
         2. performance is otherwise too poor to gain reinforcement.
         3. students are capable of the behaviour but seldom perform it.
         4. there is no one available to model the appropriate behaviour.