Georgia Military College

PATHO HCR 240

TEST

Patho-Mod 1

Patho- Ch 2 -Quiz

1)A student asks the instructor, "What does it mean when the book states that skeletal muscles cannot divide?" Which response by the instructor is most accurate?

2. An instructor is explaining to a group of students the way in which muscles and their associated tendons can be so strongly attached. The instructor makes references to the role of the basal lamina. Which

statement most accurately captures an aspect of the basal lamina?

3. The nurse educates a client with a suspected myocardial infarction (MI) about the blood test to evaluate troponin levels. The nurse knows the education has been successful when the client says:

(Tropoin-group of proteins found in skeletal and heart (cardiac) muscle fibers that regulate muscular contraction. Troponin tests measure the level of cardiac-specific troponin in the blood to help detect heart injury)

4. Which nondividing cells in a human body have left the cell cycle and are not capable of mitotic division once an infant is born.

5. To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes a chemical messenger system to perform which function?

6. In which stage of mitosis does the cell not undergo division but does double its mass?

7. Which stage of a cell’s life cycle is where the preparation of mitosis occurs?

8. A client comes to the clinic complaining of severe pain in the left great toe and is diagnosed with gout. What medication that stops cell mitosis in the treatment of gout does the nurse anticipate educating the client about?

9. Which statement is true concerning human cell division?

10. The cell membrane is also called what?

11. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by which substance?

12. A client with a complete tear of the rotator cuff in the right shoulder was given the choice between surgery and stem cell transplant. The client chose to try the stem cell injection. The client asked the health care provider, “How does this work on my shoulder?” The best response would be:

13. The nurse is caring for a client preparing for a bone marrow transplant who has undergone chemotherapy and radiotherapy to destroy the existing bone marrow. The client asks how the donation can replace all the different types of blood cells. What is the nurse’s best response?

14. Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is regulated by which cellular component?

15. Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy to the body by which process?

16. A nurse practitioner (NP) has been asked to address the local high school basketball team regarding health and nutrition. One player asks how the pizza he ate last night is converted to energy that he can use today when he goes to practice. Which response is the best answer?

17. A client experiences burning muscle pain at the peak of high intensity physical training for an athletic competition. What is the best explanation for the cause of this occurrence?

18. A client with a history of ischemic heart disease has had a myocardial infarction and gone into cardiac arrest. As a result, the client will:

19. Although muscle fibers predominate, substantial amounts of connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve fibers are also present. What happens during muscle contraction?

20. Exocytosis allows granular content to be released into extracellular fluid by which process?

21. The client asks the health care provider to explain phagocytosis. The provider will respond, “Phagocytosis:

22. A client experiences compartment syndrome after a leg injury. Surgical intervention will focus on which type of connective tissue?

23. Which type of tissue cells produce the extracellular matrix that supports and holds tissues together?

24. Which type of tissue forms the architecture of liver sinusoids and lymphoid tissues such as the spleen?

25. Which membrane transport mechanism requires the greatest amount of energy?

26. When cells use energy to move ions against an electrical or chemical gradient, the process is called:

27. How does facilitated diffusion enable molecules to cross cell membranes?

28. How does cellular activity change when a client with hyperglycemia receives insulin?

29. The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:

30. A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is experiencing. Consequently, the client's cells lack intracellular glucose, resulting in glucose accumulating in the blood. Which process would best allow glucose to cross into the cell membranes?

31. The student is studying membrane potentials. Which membrane potential is essentially a potassium equilibrium potential?

32. A client with long QT syndrome has the gene that increases potassium channels. How will this affect membrane potentials? It will cause:

33. The organelle responsible for synthesis of proteins by bound ribosomes is called:

34. Which aspect of the function of the nucleus is performed by ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

35. The nurse is administering a beta-blocker that is a G-protein receptor blocker. What type of messenger is blocked by this medication?

36. In Tay-Sachs disease, an autosomal recessive disorder, hexosaminidase A, which is the lysosomal enzyme needed for degrading the GM2 ganglioside found in nerve cell membranes, is deficient. Although GM2 ganglioside accumulates in many tissues, where does it do the most harm?

37. Which form of signal transduction resulting from ligand-receptor binding has the potential to produce effects in the entire body system?

38. Endocrine glands are epithelial structures that have had their connection with the surface obliterated during development. How are these glands described?

39. A client is having surgical removal of her gallbladder laparoscopically. While dissecting the gallbladder for removal, what type of epithelial tissue will be removed?

40. A child has been diagnosed with an autoimmune disease that predominantly affects epithelial tissue. Histologic examination should include which body parts as potential sites of involvement?

41. In which locations can epithelial tissue be found?

42. In which parts of the body are smooth muscles found?

43. The obstetrical nurse is caring for a client who is in the second stage of labor. What physiologic process would result from the action of smooth muscle?

44. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the “power plants” of the cell. Why are they thought of this way?

45. The mitochondria are literally the “power plants” of the cell because they transform organic compounds into energy that is easily accessible to the cell. What do the mitochondria do?

46. Which statements are accurate about mitochondria?

47. The majority of the cell's protoplasm is:

48. The Krebs cycle provides a common pathway for the metabolism of nutrients by the body. The Krebs cycle forms two pyruvate molecules. Each of the two pyruvate molecules formed in the cytoplasm from one molecule of glucose yields another molecule of:

49. Which statement made by the student nurse demonstrates that teaching about the Krebs cycle has been effective?

50. Select the type of energy production that occurs in the mitochondria with the Krebs cycle.

51. The mitochondria are literally the “power plants” of the cell because they transform organic compounds into energy that is easily accessible to the cell. What do the mitochondria do?