ENGLISH 101

Chapter 4 Greece

1. The first and longest phase of civilization on the island of Crete, which was associated with the city of Knossos, is known as the
   1. Mycenaean period. B) Minoan period.

C) Dark Ages. D) Hellenic Era.

E) Bronze Era.

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2. The English archaeologist who in the early 20th century unearthed the remains of a great palace at Knossos was
   1. Cedric Holland. B) Michael Ventris.

C) Arthur Evans. D) Heinrich Schliemann.

E) Louis Leakey.

3. A remarkable three-story palace on Crete, which sprawled over six acres and contained beautiful frescos and an amazing system of running water unsurpassed until Roman times, was constructed at
   1. Knossos. B) Pylos.

C) Alexandria. D) Athens.

E) Thebes.

4. Minoan culture contrasted with others in the Near East because A) art always had a religious function.

B) they manufactured olive oil. C) their priesthood was politically powerful. D) women enjoyed personal freedom and dignity.

E) their principal deity was male.

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5. The deciphering of Linear B script, which was accomplished in 1952, shed much light on the history of
   1. Parthia. B) Macedonia.

C) India. D) Sparta.

E) Mycenae.

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6. Minoan dominance of the Aegean had been reduced by 1450 BCE due to A) volcanic eruptions.

B) a plague. C) civil war. D) invasions from Egypt.

E) the death of the king.

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7. The most widely exported item of trade in the Aegean world and the most important source of income for the Mycenaean civilization was
   1. olive oil.    B) gold.        C) timber.     D) fish.          E) silk.

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8. The ancient city of Troy occupied a strategic position on what was known in the time of Homer as
   1. the Bosporus. B) the Hellespont.

C) the Peloponnesus. D) Rhodes.

E) Gibralter.

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9. The amateur archaeologist who, inspired by reading the poems of Homer, proved the existence of Troy and discovered important ruins at Mycenae was

1. 1. Arthur Evans. B) Heinrich Schliemann.

C) Leonard Wooley. D) Michael Ventris.

E) Georg Muller.

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10. Homer?s account of the Trojan War is told in an epic poem entitled A) the Odyssey.

B) the Iliad. C) Works and Days. D) Organum.

E) the Republic.

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11. The fall of Myceanaean civilization around 1200 B.C.E. resulted in all the following EXCEPT A) a rise in the Hellenic civilization.

B) depopulation. C) the disappearance of wide-ranging commerce. D) a resurgence of the Minoan civilization.

E) the destruction of Crete.

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12. Which of the following was the most influential in shaping Greek history? A) geography

B) foreign invaders C) religion D) language

E) climate

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13. Which of the following was NOT a highly prized virtue to the Greeks in the Homeric Age? A) humility

B) honor       C) courage   D) strength  E) skill

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14. The Greek polis was A) the fortified citadel around which the city developed.

B) an alliance of city-states. C) a shrine. D) a king.

E) a city-state.

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15. During the Homeric Age A) slaves performed all agricultural work.

B) noble women were included in forced labor gangs. C) the king was absolute. D) society was egalitarian.

E) none of the above.

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16. Greek tyrants who came to power with approval from the majority of the population contributed to an economic revolution by pursuing policies that included
    1. promotion of colonization. B) distribution of land to peasants.

C) encouragement of trade and industry. D) increased prosperity.

E) all of the above.

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17. Oligarchy in ancient Greece meant A) government by a limited number of patricians

B) government by the military. C) ownership of land by commoners. D) constitutional government.

E) all of the above.

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18. An archon of 6th-century Greece who averted a popular revolution through reforms, which included canceling the debts of small farmers, and whose name has come to symbolize wise, moderate leadership was
    1. Pericles. B) Hector.

C) Pisistratus. D) Solon.

E) Hesiod.

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19. Beginning after 750 B.C.E., the Ionian Greeks established the Hellenic civilization, which had displayed all of the following EXCEPT
    1. science. B) art.

C) commercial ventures. D) philosophy.

E) militarism.

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20. The practice probably introduced by Cleisthenes to preserve democracy in Athens, which allowed the citizens of the city-state to banish opponents of democracy for ten years, was known as
    1. archons. B) polis.

C) ostracism. D) hubris.

E) stoicism.  6 45

21. Approximately what percentage of the population of 5th-century B.C.E. Athens were slaves? A) 75 percent

B) 50 percent C) 25 percent D) 90 percent E) 10 percent

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22. The state slaves in Sparta were known as A) acropolis.

B) ephors. C) polis. D) agora.

E) helots.

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23. The legendary lawgiver who devised the Spartan system for military training of young men was
    1. Cleisthenes. B) Laconia.

C) Lysistrata. D) Pisistratus. E) Lycurgus.

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24. Which of the following was NOT a component of Spartan culture? A) extensive commerce

B) social conformity C) state training for girls as well as boys D) military regimentation

E) ownership of land by women

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25. The leader of the Persian army who attempted to invade Greece in 490 B.C.E. but was defeated at Marathon was
    1. Xerxes. B) Agamemnon.

C) Themistocles. D) Darius.

E) Ptolemy.  8 46

26. The Battle of Marathon is considered one of the most decisive battles in history because A) it introduced new methods of warfare.

B) it allowed Persian dominance of the Greek mainland. C) it destroyed the belief in Persian invincibility. D) Persia?s empire was lost.

E) it destroyed the Athenian civilization.

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27. In a second invasion of the Greek mainland, the Persians broke through the Greek defensive line when they discovered a crucial mountain pass at
    1. Salamis. B) Lydia.

C) Troy. D) Thermopylae.

E) Sparta.

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28. Athens won the Battle of Salamis A) after losing most of its fleet.

B) after joining with the Spartan navy. C) in the Mediterranean Sea. D) due to its more maneuverable ships.

E) and captured Xerxes.

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29. Athens created an empire to A) encourage aristocratic factions.

B) protect free trade. C) stop slave rebellions. D) maintain a strong defense.

E) all of the above.

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30. Who triumphed in the Peloponnesian War? A) Syracuse                 B) Sardinia  C) Sparta           D) Delphi

E) Athens

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31. Greek civilization was so weakened by the Peloponnesian War that it was rather easily conquered by Philip II of
    1. Thrace. B) Macedonia.

C) Sicily. D) Ionia.

E) Persia.

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32. The Greeks differed from the monarchies of Asia and Africa because A) the Greeks elected their kings.

B) they were restricted by powerful priesthoods. C) the Greeks were not religious. D) every Greek citizen could vote.

E) the Greeks believed answers to important questions lay in human resourcefulness and speculation.

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33. The Greek term that implies excessive pride, arrogance and unbridled ambition is A) polis.

B) sophrosyne. C) nemesis. D) hubris.

E) aristoi.

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34. The oracle of Delphi A) gave voice to the Greek god, Zeus.

B) urged all Greeks to follow the ideal of moderation. C) promised an afterlife of bliss in Elysium. D) illustrated the role of fate in early Greek religion.

E) all of the above.

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35. The ?father of philosophy? who believed that physical nature and its phenomena can be explained rationally and by looking at natural causes was
    1. Archimedes. B) Pythagoras.

C) Socrates. D) Thales.

E) Pericles.  4 48

36. Pythagoras of Samos A) taught that the universe was constructed of numbers and their relationships.

B) believed humans possessed no souls. C) concluded that the basic substance of nature was water. D) believed that matter was the basic element of nature.

E) thought the universe must be explained by supernatural causes.

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37. The Greek philosopher who speculated that matter might be composed of invisible atoms in constant motion was
    1. Anaximander. B) Aristotle.

C) Pythagoras. D) Democritus.

E) Miletus.

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38. The philosopher Socrates was condemned to death by a jury of Athenian citizens because they believed he
    1. urged young people to accept without questioning the ideas and values of their parents. B) denounced all philosophy because it could never solve human problems.

C) supported democracy. D) corrupted the youth.

E) betrayed Athens in the struggle against Sparta.

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39. In his important political treatise, entitled the Republic, Plato advocated A) strict regulation of marriage.

B) abolition of private property. C) rule by the philosophers. D) no different treatment of men and women.

E) all of the above.

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40. The Ethics and the Politics that dealt with the ?philosophy of human affairs? are the most significant works of
    1. Aristotle. B) Socrates.

C) Protagoras. D) Herodotus.

E) Plato.  5 49

41. The Greek physician, known as the ?father of medicine,? who believed that diseases had natural causes and that it was possible to discover cures and ways to prevent diseases, was
    1. Herodotus. B) Galen.

C) Archimedes. D) Aristarchus.

E) Hippocrates.

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42. Thucydides was A) a writer of highly amusing comedies, including The Wasps.

B) a politician and lawgiver who devised the constitution of Sparta. C) the first truly scientific historian who described the causes of the Peloponnesian War. D) a scientist who calculated the approximate circumference of the earth.

E) a famous physician who advocated the theory of four humors that maintained balance in the human body.

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43. Greek drama developed all of the following themes EXCEPT A) divine justice.

B) ethics. C) unsophisticated beliefs lead to suffering. D) tragedy as an expression of despair.

E) misery leads to wisdom.

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44. The Greek Herodotus A) believed Britain to be attached to the landmass of Europe.

B) never traveled beyond Greece. C) never considered the impact of geography on history. D) believed the Persian Wars changed the course of human history.

E) believed the world to be round.

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45. Which statement is NOT true about Greek architecture? A) Some buildings set a style that survives to the present day.

2. The buildings were constructed for convenience and with little consideration for appearance.

3. Architectural relationships were so precise that the buildings were completely symmetrical and balanced.
4. Most buildings used one of three types of columns and decorations: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.
5. The earliest Greek buildings were constructed of wood.

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46. The oldest of the Greek arts,        . started during the Greek Dark Ages. A) sculpture

B) music C) painting D) pottery

E) poetry

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47. All of the following are features of the Hellenistic Age EXCEPT A) the exploration of China.

B) economic expansion. C) intellectual achievements. D) a wide distribution of Greek culture.

E) artistic achievements.

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48. The Hellenistic period in Greek history began with the A) creation of an empire by Alexander the Great.

B) conquest of Greece by Roman legions. C) rise of Mycenae. D) defeat of Sparta.

E) triumph of Sparta over Athens.

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49. The Greeks used a long, narrow, horizontal panel decorated with relief sculpture to decorate the walls of rooms or temples. These were known as
    1. carved wooden panels. B) cosmopolitans.

C) pediments. D) friezes.

E) gilded tapestries.

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50. The armies of Alexander the Great conquered civilizations as far east as A) Asia Minor.

B) India. C) Persia. D) China. E) Japan.

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51. Which of the following is NOT true of Alexander the Great? A) He died without designating an heir.

2. Like his father, Philip, he possessed remarkable skills as a military commander, diplomat, and administrator.
3. He insisted that each conquered civilization should remain separate and that there should be no blending of cultures.
4. He had no plan or vision of a divine mission. E) He was a self-confident idealist.

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52. When Alexander?s empire was divided among his generals following his death, Egypt was given to
    1. Antigonus the One-Eyed. B) Diogenes.

C) Ptolemy. D) Aetolian. E) Seleucus.

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53. The most populous and most important commercial city in the Hellenistic world was A) Syracuse.

B) Antioch. C) Pergamon. D) Alexandria.

E) Athens.

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54. Which of the following is a TRUE statement about social relations in Alexandria in northern Egypt during the Hellenistic period?
    1. Slavery was a very important feature. B) The city bustled with many different peoples, including Jews who had a considerable