• The use of obscenities.

• The inability to return to sleep.

• A need for water.

• Panic and physiological arousal.

• Night terrors

• Insomnia

• Sleep apnea

• Narcolepsy

• Daily activities

  Correct

• Interpersonal aggression

• Sex

• Fame

4. 

Freud's psychoanalytic theory refers to the superficial story line, objects, and events of a dream as which content?

Multiple Choice

• The latent content

• The unconscious content

  Incorrect

• The manifest content

  Correct

• The revealed content

5. 

Which of the following contains the most caffeine?

Multiple Choice

• Caffeinated colas

• Brewed tea

• Weight-loss drugs

  Correct

• Drip-brewed coffee

6. 

According to Freud, what content of dreams refers to the apparent story line of dreams?

Multiple Choice

• Manifest

  Correct

• Vestigial

• Latent

• Dormant

7.

LSD, PCP, and marijuana are considered to be what form of psychoactive substance?

Multiple Choice

• Depressant

• Stimulant

• Hallucinogen

  Correct

• Barbiturate

8. 

Which of the following best describes the disorder that occurs when a person stops breathing while asleep?

Multiple Choice

• Night terror

• Narcolepsy

• Sleep apnea

  Correct

• Non-REM sleep

9. 

In the _____, dreams represent concerns about our daily lives, illustrating our uncertainties, indecisions, ideas, and desires.

Multiple Choice

• activation-synthesis theory

• expectation fulfillment theory of dreaming

• dreams-for-survival theory

  Correct

• unconscious wish fulfillment theory

10. 

Binge drinking is defined as ____________ or more drinks in one sitting for men, and ____________ or more drinks in one sitting for women.

Multiple Choice

• 7; 9

• 2; 3

• 5; 4

  Correct

• 8; 6

11. 

When does the longest REM sleep cycle tend to occur?

Multiple Choice

• In the hour or two before awakening

  Correct

• Halfway through sleep

  Incorrect

• Immediately before awakening

• When first falling asleep

12. 

"I just can't get everything done during the day. I need to be able to solve problems while I sleep, "Nicole complained. What theory would she most likely be pleased to know?

Multiple Choice

• Manifest content theory

• Dreams-for-survival theory

  Correct

• Activation-synthesis theory

• Latent content theory

13. 

Mike drinks very strong coffee. It lifts his spirits, increases his reaction time, and generally makes life more pleasant. Since his wife won't have a coffee pot in the house, he either sneaks out to Starbucks or goes without it on weekends. Weekends are difficult because he often experiences which of the following?

Multiple Choice

• Altered states of consciousness due to his lack of coffee

• Headaches and depression

  Correct

• A need to sleep longer hours

• Tremors

14. 

In which of the following stages of sleep, is the individual just entering sleep and the EEG closely resembles that of a person who is awake?

Multiple Choice

• Stage 2

• REM

• Stage 3

• Stage 1

15. 

Sioux Indians, Aztec natives, and Hasidic Jews share which technique of relaxation?

Multiple Choice

• Massage

• Drumming

• Meditation

  Correct

• Reading

16. 

In general, you must pay your electric bill on the average of every 30 days. The electric company is reinforced on what type of schedule?

Multiple Choice

• Variable interval

  Correct

• Fixed interval

  Incorrect

• Variable ratio

• Fixed ratio

17. 

According to the tenants of operant conditioning, a response will be strengthened if which of the following takes place?

Multiple Choice

• Pairing between conditioned and unconditioned stimulus takes place.

• Extinction does not occur.

• Favourable consequences follow the response.

  Correct

• Reinforcement is delayed.

18. 

A woman loses her superstition of black cats when bad things do not happen after he sees one. What is this process called?

Multiple Choice

• Learning

• Extinction

  Correct

• Perception

• Desensitization

19. 

Psychologists Keller and Marian Breland were surprised to find which of the following?

Multiple Choice

• Raccoons were concerned by the size of the disk to be placed in the bank.

• Few raccoons could be taught to place disks in a bank.

• Raccoon behaviour changed depending on the number of disks which the raccoons were given to place in the bank.

  Correct

• Raccoons were much better than pigs at placing two disks in a piggy bank.

20. 

What is a student with an analytical learning style best advised to do?

Multiple Choice

• Allow the overall picture to point out the details.

• Read the entire chapter before looking into the individual concepts.

• Examine the parts of each concept and then read the chapter.

  Correct

• First view general statements before looking into the details.

21

Jack's roommate, Clark has no manners. It is doubtful that he has ever wash dishes and put them away. Clark believes that he is sharing a room with a compulsive neat freak. As students of psychology, they have decided to apply behaviour modification techniques to the problem. What should their first step include?

Multiple Choice

• Identifying goals and target behaviours.

  Correct

• Selecting a behaviour-change strategy.

  Incorrect

• Keeping careful records after the program is implemented.

• Designing a data-recording system.

22. 

In a landmark Canadian case in Alberta, a disabled child earned the right to do what?

Multiple Choice

• Bring his dog to school with him because he guides and supports him

  Correct

• Bring a relative to school with him each day for emotional support

• Has a classmate write his test and assignments for him

• To have an academic tutor attend each class, including test days

23. 

Which of the following best describes observational learning?

Multiple Choice

• Always results in a behaviour change.

• Provides excuses for behaviour.

• May change behaviour or remain unapplied.

  Correct

• Is always latent.

24. 

The process by which an aversive stimulus decreases the probability of a response that precedes it is known as which of the following?

Multiple Choice

• Extinction

  Incorrect

• Punishment

  Correct

• Escape learning

• Avoidance learning

25. 

Parents are rightfully concerned about who in their community serves as leaders for scout troops, school clubs, or church youth groups because adult leaders serve as __________ whose behaviour may be imitated by the children whom they lead.

Multiple Choice

• models

  Correct

• counselors

• psychologists

• classical conditioners

26. 

How would a person with a relational learning style be able to acquire new information?

Multiple Choice

• By talking to other people for advice.

  Incorrect

• By breaking it down into parts.

• By examining problems as a whole.

  Correct

• By listening rather than seeing.

27. 

John is a caucasian male majoring in astrophysics. When he attacks a problem how will he be most successful?

Multiple Choice

• After first writing several summary statements concerning the problem.

• By pulling out each of the component parts and examining their separate functions before moving to their interrelationships.

  Correct

• By reviewing the general task before proceeding.

• By getting a general grasp of the problem before examining details.

28. 

Lisa was very shy and would not play with her fellow first-graders. If the teacher praised her only when Lisa was interacting with her classmates, the teacher would be attempting to use which of the following?

Multiple Choice

• Positive reinforcement

  Correct

• Extinction

• Negative reinforcement

• Shaping

29. 

A professor encourages office visits by students when his door is propped open but not at other times. The open door in this example serves as which of the following to students in the hallway?

Multiple Choice

• Discriminative stimulus

  Correct

• Superstitious reinforce

• Generalizable response

• Variable-interval reinforce

30. 

Dennis receives a gold star on the days he does his chores. His mother is using which of the following?

Multiple Choice

• A variable interval for reinforcement

  Incorrect

• A variable ratio for reinforcement

• A fixed interval for reinforcement

• A fixed ratio for reinforcement

31. 

In which of the following does consolidation of memory occur in the brain's limbic system?

Multiple Choice

• Synaptic gap

• Engram

• Neural enzymes

• Hippocampus

 32. 

According to which of the following theories, our memory is best for information that we learn by getting a deep understanding of the information's meaning?

Multiple Choice

• Levels-of-processing

  Correct

• Retroactive decay

• Proactive interference

• Repressed memory

33. 

Virtually all of the information being taken in by our senses appears to be held for a moment in what type of memory?

Multiple Choice

• Sensory

  Correct

• Neural

• Cognitive

• Receptor

34. 

Your memories of September 11, 2001 may be very clear due to the powerful nature of the events. This picture resides in your mind as a result of which type of memory?

Multiple Choice

• Implicit memory

• Flashbulb memory

  Correct

• Explicit memory

• Latent memory

35. 

If material has been encoded and maintained in the memory, what has occurred?

Multiple Choice

• Consolidation

  Incorrect

• Storage

  Correct

• Incapable of being retrieved

• Chunking

36. 

Which of the following best describes an inability to store new information or to retrieve information from long-term memory (with no damage to working memory)?

Multiple Choice

• Anterograde amnesia

  Correct

• Degenerative amnesia

• Retrograde amnesia

  Incorrect

• Korsakoff's amnesia

37. 

Which of the following best describes the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?

Multiple Choice

• Indicates the onset of Alzheimer's disease.

• Is a common experience.

  Correct

• The result of neuronal damage or deterioration.

• Characteristic of gifted individuals.

38. 

According to which of the following theories, memory failures occur because we do not have sufficient retrieval stimuli to access information that is stored in our long-term memory?

Multiple Choice

• Reconstruction

• Cue-dependent

  Correct

• Decay

• Interference

39. 

Material held in short-term memory is typically lost after about ______________ seconds unless it is shifted to long-term memory.

Multiple Choice

• 100 to 110

• 45 to 55

• 15 to 25

  Correct

• 1 to 5

40. 

Which of the following statements describes the central executive working memory?

Multiple Choice

• Lasts for an unlimited length of time.

• Returns unnecessary information to sensory store.

• Makes decisions and reasons with information received from the sensory memory.

  Correct

• Stores an unlimited amount of information.

41. 

"Now, what did I come in here to get? I was paying the bills at my desk, but now I am in the kitchen." What does Janice need?

Multiple Choice

• To deep process the memory of scissors.

• To chunk the memory of the scissors before she leaves her desk.

• Rehearse the memory of scissors with walking from her desk to the kitchen.

  Correct

• To associate the memory of scissors with bills.

42. 

Ted could not find the girl's email in his book. She had given it to him just twenty minutes before, but he was distracted and did not write it down. What is the likely outcome?

Multiple Choice

• Ted will be able to recall the letters in the middle but not the last.

• Ted will NOT recall the letters at the end.

• Ted will NOT recall the letters in the middle.

  Correct

• Ted will be able to recall the first letters of the email but not the last.

43. 

An important aspect of long-term potentiation is an increase in what?

Multiple Choice

• Recency potential.

• Fibers in the medial temporal lobes.

• Areas of the hippocampus which are activated.

• Number of synapses between neurons.

44. 

In the future, rescue workers who work long hours to help victims may be given CREB inhibitors in order to do which of the following?

Multiple Choice

• Improve decision making capabilities.

• Enhance memory of emergency procedures.

  Incorrect

• Produce immunity to air and water borne disease.

• Reduce recall of horrific memories.

45. 

Which of these statements is correct about autobiographical memory?

Multiple Choice

• Autobiographical memory is reliable because details are correctly recalled at a rate better than chance.

  Incorrect

• Women are more accurate than men when recalling the events of their lives.

• People tend to dwell on events and experiences that contradict the way that they perceive themselves.

• Autobiographical memory is prone to the same kinds of errors made with other forms of memory.