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Homework answers / question archive / University of North Carolina BIO 101 Unit 2: Genetics Mitosis, Development and Cancer Chapter 8 reading: 1)What are the options for a woman with stage 0 breast cancer?   2

University of North Carolina BIO 101 Unit 2: Genetics Mitosis, Development and Cancer Chapter 8 reading: 1)What are the options for a woman with stage 0 breast cancer?   2

Biology

University of North Carolina

BIO 101

Unit 2: Genetics

Mitosis, Development and Cancer

Chapter 8 reading:

1)What are the options for a woman with stage 0 breast cancer?

 

2. What does it mean when cells are cancerous?

  1. Contrast asexual from sexual reproduction.
  2. What does cell division have to do with human embryonic development?

 

  1. When prokaryotes divide, which is called_______, what needs to be divided to daughter cells?

 

  1. True or false? Correct false statements:
    1. Prokaryotes have one circular chromosome.
    2. Eukaryotes have more genes than prokaryotes.
    3. Humans are smarter and more complex than hedgehogs, therefore we have more chromosomes.
    4. Each human chromosome has one gene on it.
    5. Humans have over 100,000 genes.

 

  1. How is DNA compaction/coiling analogous to moving to a new apartment?

 

  1. A chromosome replicates and stays joined to its replicated partner. These are now called _______chromatids. Once they separate from each other to move into different daughter cells, each will be known as an ____________again.
  2. You find a cell that is currently replicating its DNA. What part of the cell cycle is it in?

 

  1. What will happen next?

 

 

 

  1. You view an animal cell through a microscope and observe dense, duplicated chromosomes lined up in the middle of the cell. Which stage of mitosis are you looking at?
  2. For a spindle to form in which chromosomes move along its microtubules, what cellular structure must dissolve during prophase and prometaphase?
  3. How would you know if a cell was in anaphase?
  4. Why does cytokinesis differ between plant and animal cells? (think about differences in structure!)
  5. How are nerve cells and muscle cells different from many other cells of the human body relative to the cell cycle?
  6. If the cell cycle is carefully controlled by proteins that are present only temporarily to help turn on the cell cycle (i.e. growth factors) and other proteins that halt the cycle (checkpoint proteins), what do you suppose would happen if a cell was continuously exposed to growth factors?

 

  1. What do you supposed would happen to a cell in which checkpoints were faulty?
  2. How does all of this relate to one of our major themes—interactions within and between systems?
  3. What makes a tumor malignant?

 

  1. What does the word immortal mean in cell biology?
  2. Are the words tumor and cancer interchangeable? Why or why not?
  3. Scientific thinking:

Is the study describing a prospective or retrospective observational study?

 

  1. What scientific question did scientists hope to answer with the study?

 

  1. What did they find?

 

  1. How does the knowledge they discovered affect women in society?

 

  1. Go to http://www.myriad.com/patients-families/disease-info/breast-cancer/

People with a gene mutation in either BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 genes are at what risk of developing breast cancer by age 70? How does this compare to the general population (people without these mutations?)

Carrying a defective BRCA gene affects your risk of breast cancer, but also significantly increases your risk of what other kind of cancer in women?

 

 

  1.  Read the “Breast Cancer” New York Times article on our sakai site. Deb Lindner’s mother who had breast cancer had a defective BRCA-1 gene. When Deb was awaiting her results, what was the chance (%) that she was going to find out that she was a carrier of this defective gene too?

 

  1. How old was Deb’s mother when she was diagnosed with breast cancer?

 

29. What was Deb’s more immediate decision (at age 33) after finding out she was indeed a BRCA-1 mutation carrier?

30. What will she do before she turns 40?

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