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Homework answers / question archive / Management from Global Shippers Inc, an international shipping business, is in the process of assessing the choice between two different cost structures for the business
Management from Global Shippers Inc, an international shipping business, is in the process of assessing the choice between two different cost structures for the business. Option A has relatively higher variable costs per unit shipped but lower annual fixed costs, while Option B has the opposite-relatively lower variable costs in its cost structure but higher fixed costs. Assume that delivery selling prices per unit are constant. The table below contains critical information in making the decision: Option A Option B $100 Cost Information Delivery price (revenue) per shipment Variable cost per shipment delivered $100 $85 $60 $15 $40 Contribution Margin per unit Fixed costs (annual) $1,200,000 $4,500,000 Management wants you to write a professional report answering the following questions: Questions 1) What is the break-even point in terms of volume (ie, number of shipments per year). for Option A? Option B? (2) How many shipments would have to be made under Option A to produce operating income of $30,000 for an annual period?
Questions CA Sur 1) What is the break-even point, in terms of volume (ie, number of shipments per year), for Option A? Option B? (2) How many shipments would have to be made under Option A to produce operating income of $30,000 for an annual period? (3) How many shipments per year would have to be made under Option to produce an operating margin equal to 9% of sales revenue? (4) How many shipments are required under Option B to produce net income of 5180,000 per year, given a corporate tax rate of 40%? (5) Assume that for the coming year total fixed costs are expected to increase by 15% for each of the two options. What is the new break-even point in terms of number of shipments for each option? By what percentage did the break even point change for each case? How do these figures compare to the percentage increase in budgeted fixed costs? (6) Assume an average income tax rate of 20%. What volume (number of shipments) would be needed to generate net income of 5% of revenue for each option2 (7) Which option do you think is the more profitable one for this business? Explain. (8) Which option do you consider to be more risky to the business? Explain (calculate degree of operating leverage to help answer this question). 9 16 Ew
Part (1)
Calculation of Break even point | ||
Option -A | Option -B | |
Delivery price | 100 | 100 |
Variable cost | 85 | 60 |
Contribution | 15 | 40 |
Fixed cost | 1200000 | 4500000 |
Break even sales(Volume) | ||
Fixed cost /Contribution per unit ) | 80000 | 112500 |
Part (2)
Fixed cost | 1200000 |
Required operating income | 30000 |
Total contribution required | 1230000 |
Contribution per unit | 15 |
So,the number of shipment needed to have an operating income of $ 30000 is calculted as follows | |
(1230000 / 15) | 82000 |
Number of shipment needed(Option -A) | 82000 |
Part (3)
Break even sales(Volume) | 80000 |
Break even sales (80000 * 100) | 8000000 |
Required operatin margin (9% of sales) | 720000 |
Fixed cost | 1200000 |
Total contribution required | 1920000 |
Contribution per unit | 15 |
Number of shipment needed to have 9% margin on sales for Oprtion -A (1920000 /15 ) | 128000 |
Part (4_)
Required operating income after tax | 180000 |
Tax rate | 40% |
Then before tax income will be (180000 / 60%) | 300000 |
Fixed cost | 4500000 |
Total contribution required | 4800000 |
Contribution per unit | 40 |
Number of shipment needed to have net income 180000 after atx in option -B 4800000 /40 | 120000 |
Part (5)
Calculation of Break even point if 15% increase in fixed cost | ||
Option -A | Option -B | |
Delivery price | 100 | 100 |
Variable cost | 85 | 60 |
Contribution | 15 | 40 |
Fixed cost | 1380000 | 5175000 |
Break even sales(Volume) | ||
Fixed cost /Contribution per unit ) | 92000 | 129375 |
Calculation of percentage of change of Break even point | ||
Option -A | Option -B | |
Current Break even point | 80000 | 112500 |
Next Year BEP | 92000 | 129375 |
Change | 12000 | 16875 |
% of change (change /current BEP) | 0.15 | 0.15 |
Percentage of change in BEP is 15% in both option which same as the fixed cost percentage change |
Part (6)
Assumed question asked next year calculation | ||
Option -A | Option -B | |
Next year BEP | 92000 | 129375 |
Selling price | 100 | 100 |
Sales value | 9200000 | 12937500 |
% Revenue | 460000 | 646875 |
Tax rate | 20% | 20% |
After tax profit | 460000 | 646875 |
Hence before tax profit | ||
(460000/ 80%) | 575000 | |
(646875/80%) | 808593.8 | |
New fixed cost | 1380000 | 5175000 |
Required contribution | 1955000 | 5983594 |
Contribution per unit | 15 | 40 |
Number of units needed | 130334 | 149590 |
Part (7)
Option -B is more profitable |
Part (8)
Degree of operating leverage | ||
Fixed cost /Total costs | ||
Option -A | Option -B | |
Fixed cost | 1380000 | 5175000 |
Variable cost ( 9200000 -1955000) | 7245000 | |
Variable cost ( 12937500 -5983594) | 6953906 | |
Total cost | 8625000 | 12128906 |
Operating leverage (Fixed cost /Total cost) | 0.16 | 0.43 |
Option -B has high Operatin leverage which means that firms with morre operating leverages expereinces significant changes when the revenue changes.And more sensitive projects considered as more risky |
Hence based on this Option-A is better |