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Homework answers / question archive / Concordia University - BIOL 203 Chapter 3 The Remarkable Body MULTICHOICE 1)Which of the following descriptions best represents cells?   speed up chemical reactions   building blocks of the body   vital components of foods   self-contained living entities         Along with oxygen, what is one of the cells' most basic needs?   alcohol   energy   proteins   fats         On average, how often do the cells lining the digestive tract replace themselves?   every 3 days   every 2 weeks   every 4 months   every 12 months         Which of the following types of cells are unable to reproduce and are lost forever if damaged by injury or disease? red blood cells   muscle cells   brain cells   skin cells         Which of the following body components determines the nature of the cell's work?   genes   enzymes   red blood cells   organs         What do cells release as a waste product from the burning of oxygen and nutrients?   water   glycogen   amino acids   carbon dioxide         Which of the following fluids moves from the bloodstream into tissue spaces?   blood   lymph   plasma   intracellular fluid         Which one of the following organs chemically alters materials so that they can be used by other tissues? gallbladder   small intestine   kidneys   liver         Which of the following hormones is released by the pancreas in response to a high concentration of blood sugar (glucose)? insulin   grehlin   glucagon   epinephrine         What is the name for the hormone and the organ that respond to a drop in blood glucose levels in the body? glycogen and liver   insulin and liver   glucagon and pancreas   thyroxin and thyroid         What is the name for the hormone released by the small intestine and signals the pancreas to release pancreatic fluid for the digestion process? pepsin   proteases   secretin   cholecystokinin         Which of the following body changes occurs as part of the stress response?   liver releases glucose from its stores   muscles relax   digestive system slows down   blood pressure decreases         Which of the following coordinates the nervous system's role in hunger regulation?   liver   pancreas   spinal cord   brain         Why might a person be able to eat when hunger sensation is absent?   the stomach intensifies its contractions and creates hunger pangs   the conscious mind of the cortex can override body signals   the digestive tract sends messages to the hypothalamus   the hypothalamus anticipates the availability of nutrients         What is the name for the part of the brain that senses a variety of conditions in the blood, such as glucose content and salt content?   cerebrum   pituitary gland   hypothalamus   frontal lobe         What is the term used to describe proteins made by the immune system that combine with and inactivate specific antigens? phagocytes   helper T-cells   antibodies   microbes         Which of the following cells is the first to defend the body tissues against invaders?   phagocytes   T-cells   lymphocytes   B-cells         Which cells release antibodies into the bloodstream to fight infection?   helper T-cells   T-cells   A-cells   B-cells         Which of the following poses a formidable obstacle to a successful organ transplant?   antibodies   T-cells   B-cells   phagocytes         What is the name of the disease in which the body's helper T-cells are attacked and destroyed? cystic fibrosis   AIDS   muscular dystrophy   diabetes         Which of the following hormones is thought to be a "hunger hormone"?   secretin   gastrin   grehlin   glucagon         What is the major role of the process known as peristalsis?   making chyme   pushing food through the digestive tract   helping nutrients pass into the lymph system   reabsorbing water         Human taste buds have an inborn aversion for which of the following food items?   pears   pudding   broccoli   fruit juice         Which of the following functions does the pancreas perform?   manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients   adds acid and fluid to the large intestine   reabsorbs water and minerals   conducts bile to the small intestine         What is the primary task of the colon during digestion and absorption of food?   reabsorption of water   neutralizing stomach acid   absorption of vitamins   breakdown of proteins         What is the major site of digestion and absorption of nutrients?   mouth   small intestine   large intestine   stomach         What is the name of the muscle that is responsible for controlling the release of partly digested food into the small intestine? esophageal sphincter   intestinal valve   pyloric valve   colon valve         In what part of the body does chemical digestion begin?   stomach   mouth   liver   small intestine         The stomach's main function is the digestion of what nutrient or nonnutrient?   carbohydrate   fat   fibre   protein         You have just consumed a meal very high in fat

Concordia University - BIOL 203 Chapter 3 The Remarkable Body MULTICHOICE 1)Which of the following descriptions best represents cells?   speed up chemical reactions   building blocks of the body   vital components of foods   self-contained living entities         Along with oxygen, what is one of the cells' most basic needs?   alcohol   energy   proteins   fats         On average, how often do the cells lining the digestive tract replace themselves?   every 3 days   every 2 weeks   every 4 months   every 12 months         Which of the following types of cells are unable to reproduce and are lost forever if damaged by injury or disease? red blood cells   muscle cells   brain cells   skin cells         Which of the following body components determines the nature of the cell's work?   genes   enzymes   red blood cells   organs         What do cells release as a waste product from the burning of oxygen and nutrients?   water   glycogen   amino acids   carbon dioxide         Which of the following fluids moves from the bloodstream into tissue spaces?   blood   lymph   plasma   intracellular fluid         Which one of the following organs chemically alters materials so that they can be used by other tissues? gallbladder   small intestine   kidneys   liver         Which of the following hormones is released by the pancreas in response to a high concentration of blood sugar (glucose)? insulin   grehlin   glucagon   epinephrine         What is the name for the hormone and the organ that respond to a drop in blood glucose levels in the body? glycogen and liver   insulin and liver   glucagon and pancreas   thyroxin and thyroid         What is the name for the hormone released by the small intestine and signals the pancreas to release pancreatic fluid for the digestion process? pepsin   proteases   secretin   cholecystokinin         Which of the following body changes occurs as part of the stress response?   liver releases glucose from its stores   muscles relax   digestive system slows down   blood pressure decreases         Which of the following coordinates the nervous system's role in hunger regulation?   liver   pancreas   spinal cord   brain         Why might a person be able to eat when hunger sensation is absent?   the stomach intensifies its contractions and creates hunger pangs   the conscious mind of the cortex can override body signals   the digestive tract sends messages to the hypothalamus   the hypothalamus anticipates the availability of nutrients         What is the name for the part of the brain that senses a variety of conditions in the blood, such as glucose content and salt content?   cerebrum   pituitary gland   hypothalamus   frontal lobe         What is the term used to describe proteins made by the immune system that combine with and inactivate specific antigens? phagocytes   helper T-cells   antibodies   microbes         Which of the following cells is the first to defend the body tissues against invaders?   phagocytes   T-cells   lymphocytes   B-cells         Which cells release antibodies into the bloodstream to fight infection?   helper T-cells   T-cells   A-cells   B-cells         Which of the following poses a formidable obstacle to a successful organ transplant?   antibodies   T-cells   B-cells   phagocytes         What is the name of the disease in which the body's helper T-cells are attacked and destroyed? cystic fibrosis   AIDS   muscular dystrophy   diabetes         Which of the following hormones is thought to be a "hunger hormone"?   secretin   gastrin   grehlin   glucagon         What is the major role of the process known as peristalsis?   making chyme   pushing food through the digestive tract   helping nutrients pass into the lymph system   reabsorbing water         Human taste buds have an inborn aversion for which of the following food items?   pears   pudding   broccoli   fruit juice         Which of the following functions does the pancreas perform?   manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients   adds acid and fluid to the large intestine   reabsorbs water and minerals   conducts bile to the small intestine         What is the primary task of the colon during digestion and absorption of food?   reabsorption of water   neutralizing stomach acid   absorption of vitamins   breakdown of proteins         What is the major site of digestion and absorption of nutrients?   mouth   small intestine   large intestine   stomach         What is the name of the muscle that is responsible for controlling the release of partly digested food into the small intestine? esophageal sphincter   intestinal valve   pyloric valve   colon valve         In what part of the body does chemical digestion begin?   stomach   mouth   liver   small intestine         The stomach's main function is the digestion of what nutrient or nonnutrient?   carbohydrate   fat   fibre   protein         You have just consumed a meal very high in fat

Biology

Concordia University - BIOL 203

Chapter 3 The Remarkable Body

MULTICHOICE

1)Which of the following descriptions best represents cells?

 

  1. speed up chemical reactions

 

  1. building blocks of the body

 

  1. vital components of foods

 

  1. self-contained living entities

 

 

 

 

  1. Along with oxygen, what is one of the cells' most basic needs?

 

  1. alcohol

 

  1. energy

 

  1. proteins

 

  1. fats

 

 

 

 

  1. On average, how often do the cells lining the digestive tract replace themselves?

 

  1. every 3 days

 

  1. every 2 weeks

 

  1. every 4 months

 

  1. every 12 months

 

 

 

 

  1. Which of the following types of cells are unable to reproduce and are lost forever if damaged by injury or disease?
  1. red blood cells

 

  1. muscle cells

 

  1. brain cells

 

  1. skin cells

 

 

 

 

  1. Which of the following body components determines the nature of the cell's work?

 

  1. genes

 

  1. enzymes

 

  1. red blood cells

 

  1. organs

 

 

 

 

  1. What do cells release as a waste product from the burning of oxygen and nutrients?

 

  1. water

 

  1. glycogen

 

  1. amino acids

 

  1. carbon dioxide

 

 

 

 

  1. Which of the following fluids moves from the bloodstream into tissue spaces?

 

  1. blood

 

  1. lymph

 

  1. plasma

 

  1. intracellular fluid

 

 

 

 

  1. Which one of the following organs chemically alters materials so that they can be used by other tissues?
  1. gallbladder

 

  1. small intestine

 

  1. kidneys

 

  1. liver

 

 

 

 

  1. Which of the following hormones is released by the pancreas in response to a high concentration of blood sugar (glucose)?
  1. insulin

 

  1. grehlin

 

  1. glucagon

 

  1. epinephrine

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the name for the hormone and the organ that respond to a drop in blood glucose levels in the body?
  1. glycogen and liver

 

  1. insulin and liver

 

  1. glucagon and pancreas

 

  1. thyroxin and thyroid

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the name for the hormone released by the small intestine and signals the pancreas to release pancreatic fluid for the digestion process?
  1. pepsin

 

  1. proteases

 

  1. secretin

 

  1. cholecystokinin

 

 

 

 

  1. Which of the following body changes occurs as part of the stress response?

 

  1. liver releases glucose from its stores

 

  1. muscles relax

 

  1. digestive system slows down

 

  1. blood pressure decreases

 

 

 

 

  1. Which of the following coordinates the nervous system's role in hunger regulation?

 

  1. liver

 

  1. pancreas

 

  1. spinal cord

 

  1. brain

 

 

 

 

  1. Why might a person be able to eat when hunger sensation is absent?

 

  1. the stomach intensifies its contractions and creates hunger pangs

 

  1. the conscious mind of the cortex can override body signals

 

  1. the digestive tract sends messages to the hypothalamus

 

  1. the hypothalamus anticipates the availability of nutrients

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the name for the part of the brain that senses a variety of conditions in the blood, such as

glucose content and salt content?

 

  1. cerebrum

 

  1. pituitary gland

 

  1. hypothalamus

 

  1. frontal lobe

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the term used to describe proteins made by the immune system that combine with and inactivate specific antigens?
  1. phagocytes

 

  1. helper T-cells

 

  1. antibodies

 

  1. microbes

 

 

 

 

  1. Which of the following cells is the first to defend the body tissues against invaders?

 

  1. phagocytes

 

  1. T-cells

 

  1. lymphocytes

 

  1. B-cells

 

 

 

 

  1. Which cells release antibodies into the bloodstream to fight infection?

 

  1. helper T-cells

 

  1. T-cells

 

  1. A-cells

 

  1. B-cells

 

 

 

 

  1. Which of the following poses a formidable obstacle to a successful organ transplant?

 

  1. antibodies

 

  1. T-cells

 

  1. B-cells

 

  1. phagocytes

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the name of the disease in which the body's helper T-cells are attacked and destroyed?
  1. cystic fibrosis

 

  1. AIDS

 

  1. muscular dystrophy

 

  1. diabetes

 

 

 

 

  1. Which of the following hormones is thought to be a "hunger hormone"?

 

  1. secretin

 

  1. gastrin

 

  1. grehlin

 

  1. glucagon

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the major role of the process known as peristalsis?

 

  1. making chyme

 

  1. pushing food through the digestive tract

 

  1. helping nutrients pass into the lymph system

 

  1. reabsorbing water

 

 

 

 

  1. Human taste buds have an inborn aversion for which of the following food items?

 

  1. pears

 

  1. pudding

 

  1. broccoli

 

  1. fruit juice

 

 

 

 

  1. Which of the following functions does the pancreas perform?

 

  1. manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients

 

  1. adds acid and fluid to the large intestine

 

  1. reabsorbs water and minerals

 

  1. conducts bile to the small intestine

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the primary task of the colon during digestion and absorption of food?

 

  1. reabsorption of water

 

  1. neutralizing stomach acid

 

  1. absorption of vitamins

 

  1. breakdown of proteins

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the major site of digestion and absorption of nutrients?

 

  1. mouth

 

  1. small intestine

 

  1. large intestine

 

  1. stomach

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the name of the muscle that is responsible for controlling the release of partly digested food into the small intestine?
  1. esophageal sphincter

 

  1. intestinal valve

 

  1. pyloric valve

 

  1. colon valve

 

 

 

 

  1. In what part of the body does chemical digestion begin?

 

  1. stomach

 

  1. mouth

 

  1. liver

 

  1. small intestine

 

 

 

 

  1. The stomach's main function is the digestion of what nutrient or nonnutrient?

 

  1. carbohydrate

 

  1. fat

 

  1. fibre

 

  1. protein

 

 

 

 

  1. You have just consumed a meal very high in fat. As a result, hormones cause the release of what substance?
  1. bile

 

  1. hydrochloric acid

 

  1. mucus

 

  1. bicarbonate

 

 

 

 

  1. Which of the following compounds is released in an effort to neutralize the acidic contents of the stomach before entering the small intestine?
  1. bile

 

  1. chyme

 

  1. gastric juice

 

  1. bicarbonate

 

 

 

 

  1. The lymphatic vessels are initially responsible for transporting which of the following products of digestion?
  1. fat

 

  1. protein

 

  1. minerals

 

  1. carbohydrate

 

 

 

 

  1. As a person becomes malnourished, the absorptive surface of the small intestine responds in which of the following ways?
  1. expands in length

 

  1. becomes more efficient at its job

 

  1. shrinks in size

 

  1. remains unchanged

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the common name for the burning sensation in the chest area caused by backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus?
  1. hernia

 

  1. hiccups

 

  1. ulcer

 

  1. heartburn

 

 

 

 

  1. Which of the following advice about reducing intestinal gas is the most accurate?

 

  1. rinse canned beans before consuming them

 

  1. chew gum between meals

 

  1. suck on hard candies after eating a fatty meal

 

  1. increase consumption of carbonated beverages

 

 

 

 

  1. What should you do to alleviate heartburn?

 

  1. drink liquids during meals

 

  1. wear tight fitting clothing

 

  1. eat smaller meals

 

  1. lie down after meals

 

 

 

 

  1. Which of the following recommendations would assist most with the long-term alleviation of constipation?
  1. take a laxative

 

  1. drink enough water

 

  1. limit physical activity

 

  1. consume foods with starch

 

 

 

 

  1. How long does it take for the liver's glycogen supply to be depleted if it is not replenished by food?
  1. 1-3 hours

 

  1. 3-6 hours

 

  1. 4-8 hours

 

  1. 6-9 hours

 

 

 

 

  1. Which of the following foods do you need to consume in intervals throughout the day?

 

  1. fat-containing foods

 

  1. mineral-rich foods

 

  1. vitamin-rich foods

 

  1. carbohydrate-containing foods

 

 

 

  1. The body is able to store potentially large amounts of which nutrient?

 

  1. fat

 

  1. water

 

  1. protein

 

  1. glycogen

 

 

 

 

  1. What are the recommended limits for the consumption of alcohol for the average-sized healthy woman?
  1. 3 drinks per day

 

  1. 4 drinks on any occasion

 

  1. 10 drinks per week

 

  1. 15 drinks per month

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the percentage of alcohol in 90 proof liquor?

 

(A) 10%

 

(B) 45%

 

(C) 63%

 

(D) 90%

 

 

 

 

  1. Which of the following is considered one alcoholic drink?

 

  1. 50 mL (2 oz) shotglass of vodka

 

  1. 142 mL (5 oz) glass of wine

 

  1. 250 mL (4 oz) can of beer

 

  1. 500 mL (8 oz) bottle of wine cooler

 

 

 

  1. Which of the following situations is most likely to make a person intoxicated almost immediately when drinking alcoholic beverages?
  1. when drinks are mixed with very little water

 

  1. when carbohydrate snacks are consumed at the same time

 

  1. when drinks are consumed quickly

 

  1. when the stomach is empty

 

 

 

 

  1. Which of the following organs makes most of the body's alcohol-processing machinery?

 

  1. brain

 

  1. stomach

 

  1. pancreas

 

  1. liver

 

 

 

 

  1. How does alcohol affect body functions?

 

  1. it strengthens the body's defences against infection

 

  1. it slows down the synthesis of fatty acids

 

  1. it alters amino acid metabolism

 

  1. it decreases urine output

 

 

 

 

  1. Which of the following actions will restore sobriety in someone who has been drinking alcohol?
  1. drinking coffee

 

  1. eating food

 

  1. walking

 

  1. passing of time

 

 

 

  1. Which vitamin is most dramatically affected by excess alcohol in the body?

 

  1. vitamin A

 

  1. folate

 

  1. thiamine

 

  1. vitamin B6

 

 

 

  1. What medical condition could be suspected for an individual who reports regularly consuming large amounts of alcohol, has inadequate food intake, and shows signs of poor muscle coordination, paralysis of the eye muscles, and damaged nerves?
  1. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

 

  1. osteoporosis

 

  1. heart disease

 

  1. stomach ulcer

 

 

 

 

 

TRUEFALSE

 

  1. Cells form tissues that perform specialized tasks. Tissues are grouped together to form whole organs.
  1. True

 

  1. False

 

 

 

 

  1. Body fluids provide tissues with a continuous supply of energy, oxygen, and nutrients, including water.
  1. True

 

  1. False

 

 

 

 

  1. Timing of meals is important because the digestive tract is unable to digest food at

 

certain times.

 

  1. True

 

  1. False

 

 

 

 

  1. The body's saliva is strongly acidic.

 

  1. True

 

  1. False

 

 

 

 

  1. Alcohol needs assistance from digestive juices to ready it for absorption.

 

  1. True

 

  1. False

 

 

 

 

  1. The body stores some nutrients in much smaller quantities than other nutrients.

 

  1. True

 

  1. False

 

 

 

 

 

ESSAY

 

  1. Describe how hormones affect nutrition.

 

 

 

 

  1. Describe what instinctively occurs within the body during the stress response and the number one health consequence for people living in modern civilization.

 

 

 

  1. Briefly describe the actions of the body's phagocytes and lymphocytes.

 

 

 

  1. Differentiate between the mechanical and chemical aspects of digestion.

 

 

 

 

  1. Explain how the lining of the digestive tract is able to remain intact despite begin in

 

contact with powerful digestive juices and enzymes.

 

 

 

 

  1. How would you respond to the statement, "people should not consume fruit and meat at the same meal"?

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Describe what happens to digestion and absorption in cases of severe undernutrition.

 

 

 

 

  1. Explain how hiccups develop.

 

 

 

 

  1. What is chronic constipation and how does it impact an individual's long-term health?

 

 

  1. Explain the effects of antacids in managing heartburn.

 

 

 

 

  1. Explain why sources of carbohydrate should be consumed at intervals throughout the day.

 

 

 

 

  1. Who should not drink alcoholic beverages at all?

 

 

 

  1. What advice would you give to someone interested in improving appetite with alcohol?

 

 

 

 

 

 

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