Georgia State University - NUTR 2100

Exam 4

1)Based on the classic rule of thumb, what would be the approximate weight gain of a person who consumes an excess of 500 kcalories daily for one month?

1. 1. 0.5 lb
   2. 2 lbs
   3. 3 lbs
   4. 4 lbs
   5. 8 lbs

2. . The desire to eat a slice of chocolate cake after consuming a very large meal best illustrates which state?

1. 1. satiety
   2. hunger
   3. appetite
   4. depression
   5. bulimia

3. Which hormone is most responsible for signaling satiety as well as reducing food intake during a meal?

1. 1. Gastrin
   2. Adipokines
   3. Neuropeptide Y
   4. Cholecystokinin
   5. Secretin

4. What is the most satiating macronutrient?
   1. Fat
   2. Water
   3. Protein
   4. Carbohydrate
   5. Foods high in carbohydrates and fat

5. The day after Thanksgiving, you and your sisters are feeling hungry and want to eat leftovers before going shopping. Which food would most readily satisfy the feeling of

hunger?

1. 1. Turkey
   2. Pecan pie
   3. Mashed potatoes
   4. Noodle casserole
   5. Whole berry cranberry relish

6. Which process best described thermogenesis?
   1. Burning of fat
   2. Synthesis of fat
   3. Generation of heat
   4. Generation of water
   5. Release of oxygen

7. For the average person, what fraction of the day's energy expenditure is represented by the basal metabolism?

a. ~1/10

2. ~?
3. ~½

d.   ~?

e.   ~9/10

8. What is the approximate daily basal metabolism of a 50 kg woman?
   1. 500 kcal
   2. 1150 kcal
   3. 1500 kcal
   4. 2000 kcal
   5. 2500 kcal

9. You are planning a diet for a hospitalized patient who cannot participate in physical activity because both of his legs are broken and he will be bedridden for six weeks. Which measurement would best assess the patient's energy expenditure?

1. 1. Body composition
   2. Basal metabolic rate
   3. Physical activity level
   4. Adaptive thermogenesis
   5. Usual caloric intake

10. Among the following groups, which has the highest metabolic rate?

a.Females

b.Older individuals

3. Younger individuals
4. People with smaller surface areas
5. Sedentary people

11. Callie has been studying on campus all day. A few hours after lunch, she realizes she is hungry for an afternoon snack. What hormone stimulates her hunger?
    1. Ghrelin
    2. Leptin
    3. Estrogen
    4. Progesterone
    5. Testosterone

12. Jamie’s BMI is 16.8. What BMI category does Jamie falls into?
    1. Underweight
    2. Normal weight
    3. Overweight
    4. Obese

13. John is a 55 years old male. Ht: 178 cm Wt: 85kg . What is his basal metabolic rate? Use Mifflin equation.
    1. 2030 kcal
    2. 1867 kcal
    3. 1693 kcal
    4. 2340 kcal

14. Holly eats a diet that consists of avocados, peanut butter, and oils and butter. Her high fat diet has         thermic effect than a high protein diet.
    1. A higher
    2. A lower
    3. The same
    4. None of the above

15. Caden has been at an office job for the past 5 years, and he’s never played any sports. His typical physical activity consists of walking around his office or walking up the stairs to his apartment. He decides to begin a rigid boot camp exercise program which he completes 6 days per week, and he quickly notices that he is hungry all the time and his metabolism has sped up. Which theory fits this description?
    1. Set point theory

1. 2. Adaptive thermogenesis
   3. Stress hyperthermia
   4. Hyponatremia

16. Which of the following is a characteristic of fat cell development?

a.The amount of fat in the body is directly determined by the size of the fat cells.

b.More and larger fat cells are found in obese people compared with healthy-weight persons.

3. Fat cell number increases most readily during early adulthood, when energy expenditure declines.
4. Fat cells may enlarge but not increase in number upon reaching the age of 50 in males and reaching menopause in women.
5. When energy out exceeds energy in, fat cell size and number both decrease.

17. Obesity resulting from an increase in the number of fat cells is termed:

1. hyperplastic obesity.
2. hypertrophic obesity.

C. idiopathic leptinemia.

d. anaplastic hypometabolism.

E. multiplicative obesity.

18. What is a safe rate of weight loss on a long-term basis for most overweight people?

1. 0.5-2 lbs/week
2. 3-4 lbs/week
3. 5% body weight/month
4. 7.5% body weight/month
5. 10% body weight/month

19. Which of the following is a key enzyme related to the development of obesity?
    1. Salivary amylase
    2. Lipoprotein lipase
    3. Glucagon
    4. glucokinase

20. Which is true about brown adipose tissue?
    1. Adult humans have high levels of brown adipose tissue.
    2. Someone who is obese has higher levels of brown adipose tissue than someone who is lean.
    3. Babies have high levels of brown adipose tissue.
    4. None of the above

21. As a general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight in men?

a. 500

b. 800

c. 1200

d. 1500 E. 1800

22. What is the best approach to weight loss?

1. 1. Avoid foods containing carbohydrates.
   2. Eliminate all fats from the diet and decrease water intake.

C. Greatly increase protein intake to prevent body protein loss.

d. Reduce daily energy intake and increase energy expenditure. e.Fast at least two consecutive days each week.

23. Jarvis broke his hip in a car accident. His doctor advises him to avoid movement and to remain on bed rest for 6 weeks. Which of the following should you use to assess his energy expenditure?
    1. Physical activity level
    2. BMI
    3. Basal metabolic rate
    4. Body composition

24. To determine the energy content of foods, researchers use a                          .
    1. Energy chamber
    2. Scale
    3. Bomb calorimeter
    4. Thermometer

25. Robin, a woman, stores excess weight in her hips and thighs. Dave, a man, stores excess weight in his stomach and chest. Which of the following is true?
    1. Robin is at a higher risk for chronic disease.
    2. Dave likely has a more difficult time losing weight since he is a man.
    3. Robin’s fat is known as central obesity.
    4. Dave is at a higher risk for chronic disease.
    5. It is easier for Robin to lose weight since she is a woman.

26. The major cause of insulin resistance is related to:
    1. Low protein diets
    2. High protein diets
    3. Excess body weight
    4. Very low fat diets

27. Gavin has started a balanced weight-loss diet program, and he calls you, a registered dietitian, for help. What should you advise Gavin?
    1. Use herbal supplements to speed up metabolism
    2. Develop ketosis by keeping carbohydrate intake as low as possible
    3. Increase physical activity
    4. Use metabolic enhancers to speed up thyroid activity

28. As receptors in the stomach stretch and hormones such as cholecystokinin become active and prompt a person to stop eating, the person experiences:
    1. Appetite
    2. Hunger
    3. Satiation
    4. Thirst

29. Which of the following is not an indicator when a clinician is determining a person’s health risk?
    1. BMI
    2. Waist Circumference
    3. Disease Risk Profile
    4. Lipoprotein Lipase activity

30. Jody is taking a nutrition class, and has been assigned to evaluate a popular diet plan. She finds a description of a plan for her assignment in a magazine at the grocery store. Which of the following statements in the magazine would suggest that this plan is an unsound, fad diet?
    1. “On this plan, you can lose up to 2 lbs per week!”
    2. “Once you complete this 6-month plan, you’ll never have to diet again.”
    3. “Keep fresh fruit or carrot sticks in the fridge at work so you won’t be tempted to raid the vending machine for a snack.”
    4. “Starting an aerobic exercise plan may seem daunting, but you can start out with shorter, easier sessions and build up to 3 or more hours per week.”
    5. “Loss of even 5-10 lbs can improve your health”

31. A gymnast and secretary are the same height and body shape, but the gymnast will likely be heavier because she has:
    1. More body fat

1. 2. Stronger bones
   3. Stronger muscles
   4. More muscle mass
   5. Denser bones

32. White fat cells that have undergone the browning process are known as:
    1. Brite adipocytes
    2. Darkened adipocytes
    3. Endothelial cells
    4. Mitochondria

33. The obesity gene, ob, codes for the hormone:
    1. Leptin
    2. Ghrelin
    3. Estrogen
    4. Thyroid hormone

Short Answer:

1. Sally is a 45 years old female with a BMI of 45. Her BMI falls into the clinically severe obesity category. She has tried to lose weight by eating healthy and exercising regularly for 2 years. However, her weight remains the same. Sally is presenting with risks of type 2 diabetes and heart disease due to her weight. Her doctor highly encourage Sally to lose weight. At this point, what weight loss treatment would you recommend to Sally? Describe how your recommended treatment can help Sally to lose weight.

2. Jason was referred by his doctor to you, the dietitian, to discuss ways to promote weight gain. Jason’s Ht: 72” Wt: 135 lb.

1. 1. Calculate Jason’s BMI. Show your work__________

1. 2. You conducted a 24 hour diet recall with Jason. His regular eating pattern is as follow: Breakfast: 2 cups of black coffee, 1 medium banana

Lunch: 1 market salad with grilled chicken with fat free dressing Snack: 3 cups of popped 100 calories popcorn

Dinner: 3 oz of grilled chicken, 1 cup of zucchini noodle, 1 cup side salad with fat free dressing

1. 3. You determine that a healthy BMI for Jason is 23. What is the ideal weight for Jason based on his height?

3. Christina is a 55 years old mom with 3 children with a sedentary lifestyle. Ht: 62” Wt: 175lb. Sally tells you that you have been gaining weight steadily after the birth of her children over the years. She is interested in weight loss so she comes to you, a dietitian, for help.

1. 1. Calculate Christina’s BMI and what BMI category does she falls into?

1. 2. Christina has been researching for ways to lose weight. Her friend, Heather, recommends the Very-Low-Calorie diet (800 kcal per day) and said she has seen significantly results in just 10 days. Christina asks for your opinion on this diet, what would you say? (discuss whether you agree and disagree with Christina to follow this diet, provide at least 2 reasons)

C. Provide 2 strategies for Christina to lose weight in a healthy way

D. In order for Christina to reach her healthy weight at 135lb.

1. What is the safe maximum weight loss per week?
2. Following the safe maximum weight loss per week, how long would it take for her to achieve this weight?

4. Use the Mifflin equation to calculate the basal metabolic rate for Betsy. Betsy is a 35 year old female. Height: 168 cm, Weight: 145 lb

5. Sam is a 25 years old male with a BMI of 27.7. His recently annual physical checkup reveals that he is healthy with no risks for any health problems. Would you recommend Sam to lose weight? Why or why not?