Azusa Pacific University - UNRS 260

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1) Research suggests that genetics is likely to influence  and, therefore, food likes and dislikes.

A : ad susceptibility B : ethnic biases

C : taste perception

D : socioeconomic status

2. : A child develops a strong dislike of noodle soup after she eats some while sick with the flu. This is an example of a food-related                                         .

A : habit

B : association C : emotion

D : social interaction

3. : A person who eats a bowl of oatmeal for breakfast every day is most likely making a food choice based on .

A : environmental concerns B : availability

C : ethnic heritage D : habit

4. : Approximately what percentage of meals in the United States is prepared in the home? A : 30

B : 50

C : 70

D : 90

5. : Individuals who frequently prepare their own meals are more likely to                                   . A : consume larger amounts of fat, protein, and kcalories

B : have a lower incidence of acute health problems

C : report more positive emotions and healthier food choices D : eat with family members than to eat alone

6. : Eating in response to negative emotions and stress can easily lead to                                        . A : overweight and obesity

B : food aversions

C : healthy food choices D : lack of appetite

7. : Foods that provide health benefits beyond their nutrient combinations are called                                       . A : health-enhancing foods

B : enriched foods C : fortified foods

D : functional foods

8. : What are the simplest types of functional foods? A : whole foods

B : food supplements C : commercial foods D : antioxidants

9. : Nonnutrient substances found in plant foods that show biological activity in the body are commonly known as                                       .

A : folionutrients

B : inorganic nutriments C : phytochemicals

D : carotenoids

10. : What is the best example of a functional food? A : tomato

B : instant oatmeal C : white bread

D : calcium-fortified orange juice

11. : Approximately how much water would be found in a 120-pound person? A : 12 pounds

B : 24 pounds C : 36 pounds D : 72 pounds

12. : Inorganic nutrients are those that do not contain which element? A : hydrogen

B : oxygen C : carbon D : chloride

13. : Which term refers to a nutrient needed by the body that must be supplied by foods? A : nutraceutical

B : metabolic unit

C : essential nutrient D : phytonutrient

14. : Which element would be classified as a micronutrient? A : protein

B : iron

C : alcohol

D : carbohydrate

15. : Which component is an organic compound? A : salt

B : water C : calcium

D : vitamin C

16. : What compound is an example of an energy-yielding nutrient? A : protein

B : water

C : minerals D : vitamins

17. : Gram for gram, which element provides the most energy? A : fats

B : alcohol C : proteins

D : carbohydrates

18. : Food energy is commonly expressed in kcalories and in                                      . A : kilojoules

B : thermal units

C : fluence of energy D : newtons

19. : Lisa is trying to lose weight and has reduced her daily intake to 1400 kcalories, which includes 30 grams of fat. Approximately what percentage of the total energy in Lisas diet consists of fat?

A : 8.5 percent B : 15 percent C : 19 percent D : 25.5 percent

20. : Jeremys diet provides a total of 2200 kcalories, of which 40 percent of the energy is from fat and 20 percent is from protein. How many grams of carbohydrate are contained in the diet? A : 220 grams

B : 285 grams C : 450 grams D : 800 grams

21. : What is the kcalorie value of a meal that contains 110 grams of carbohydrates, 25 grams of protein, 20 grams of fat, and 5 grams of alcohol?

A : 160 kcalories B : 345 kcalories C : 550 kcalories D : 755 kcalories

22. : Each of the                        total vitamins has a special role to play in the human body. A : 8

B : 11

C : 13

D : 15

23. : What best describes a feature of the minerals as nutrients? A : Minerals yield only a small amount of energy.

B : Minerals are easily destroyed and must be handled carefully. C : Minerals are never bound to any substance in the body.

D : Minerals can be lost during food-refining processes.

24. : Only              minerals are known to be essential in human nutrition.

 A : 12

B : 16

C : 21

D : 24

25. : The study of how a persons genes interact with nutrients is known as                                         . A : genetic counseling

B : nutritional genomics C : nutrigenetics

D : biomics

26. : Carrie took a daily supplement of vitamin C and then stated that she felt a lot better. Her

experience is best described as a(n)                          . A : blind experiment

B : random outcome

C : case control experiment D : anecdote

27. : What best describes a double-blind experiment?

A : Both subject groups alternate receiving each treatment.

B : Neither the subjects nor the researchers know which subjects are in each group.

C : The subjects do not know whether they are in the control or experimental groups, but the researchers do know.

D : The subjects know whether they are in the control or experimental groups, but the researchers do not know.

28. : In the scientific method, a tentative solution to a problem is called the       .

A : anecdote

B : experiment C : hypothesis D : analysis

29. : What best describes a major weakness of a laboratory-based study? A : The costs are too high.

B : The results cannot be replicated in humans. C : The sample sizes are not large enough.

D : The findings usually cannot be published.

30. : In studies examining the effectiveness of a nutrient, subjects are divided into two groups. The    group receives the nutrient, while the control group does not.

A : experimental B : placebo

C : randomized D : sample

31. : What is the benefit of using controls in an experiment? A : The size of the groups can be very large.

B : The subjects do not need to know anything about the experiment. C : The subjects who are treated are balanced against the placebos.

D : The groups are similar in all respects except for the treatment being tested.

32. : What is a benefit of using placebos in an experiment? A : All of the subjects are similar.

B : All of the subjects receive pills.

C : Neither the subjects nor the researchers know who is receiving treatment.

D : One group of subjects receives a treatment and the other group receives nothing.

33. : Which type of study is an example of an experimental study? A : case control study

B : human intervention study C : cohort study

D : cross-sectional study

34. : An increase in exercise accompanied by a decrease in body weight is an example of a

            .

A : variable effect

B : positive correlation C : negative correlation D : randomization effect

35. : The lowest continuing intake of a nutrient that maintains a specified criterion of adequacy is called the nutrient    .

A : allowance B : requirement

C : tolerable limit

D : adequate intake

36. : The                     is the usual amount of each nutrient that appears sufficient for half of the population.

A : Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) B : Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) C : Adequate Intake (AI) requirement

D : Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

37. : Recommended Dietary Allowances may be used to                                   . A : measure nutrient balance of population groups

B : assess dietary nutrient adequacy for individuals C : treat persons with diet-related illnesses

D : calculate exact food requirements for most individuals

38. : Recommended Dietary Allowances are based on the                                    . A : Lower Tolerable Limit

B : Upper Tolerable Limit

C : Subclinical Deficiency Value

D : Estimated Average Requirement

39. : The amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of about 98 percent of a population is termed the         .

A : Adequate Intake

B : Daily Recommended Value C : Tolerable Upper Intake Level

D : Recommended Dietary Allowance

40. : What is one purpose of both the Recommended Dietary Allowance and Adequate Intake? A : setting nutrient goals for individuals

B : identifying toxic intakes of nutrients

C : restoring the health of malnourished individuals D : developing nutrition programs for schoolchildren

41. : What set of values is used to recommend the average kcalorie intake to maintain populations in energy balance?

A : Estimated Energy Requirement B : Adequate Average Requirement

C : Recommended Dietary Allowance

D : Acceptable Energy Distribution Range

42. : Shelly is working with a registered dietitian to review her diet and food choices so that she can lose weight. Shelly is confused about how many nutrients she needs to take each day and may have misunderstood information related to Recommended Dietary Allowances. What would be an accurate recommendation for Shelly?

A : Shelly should strive to take in no more than 45 percent of her kcalories from fat.

B : In addition to a balanced diet, Shelly should take a vitamin supplement to ensure that she reaches the upper limit of vitamin C.

C : In contrast to the RDA and AI values for nutrients, the energy recommendation for Shelly is generous.

D : The nutrient intakes for Shelly refer to average daily intakes; she should not try to meet the recommendations for every nutrient every day.

43. : Which standard covers the percentages of kcalorie intakes for protein, fat, and carbohydrate that are thought to reduce the risk of chronic diseases?

A : Estimated Energy Requirements

B : Tolerable Range of Kilocalorie Intakes

C : Estimated Energy Nutrient Recommendations D : Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges

44. : What is the AMDR for protein?

A : 1035 percent

B : 4045 percent C : 5065 percent D : 7085 percent

45. : If a person consumed the upper AMDR limit for protein as part of a diet providing 2500 kcalories, approximately how many grams of protein would be ingested?

A : 41 grams B : 63 grams C : 135 grams D : 219 grams

46. : The Dietary Reference Intakes may be used to                                  . A : treat people with diet-related disorders

B : assess adequacy of all required nutrients C : plan and evaluate diets for healthy people

D : assess adequacy of only vitamins and minerals

47. : With a deficiency of energy, a person may display the symptoms of                                          by becoming extremely thin and losing muscle tissue.

A : malnutrition

B : undernutrition

C : subclinical nutrition D : overnutrition

48. : Which process would most likely be used to detect nutrient deficiencies? A : assessment techniques

B : nutrient stages identification C : overt symptoms identification

D : outward manifestations assessment

49. : As a registered dietitian at Jones Hospital, you are instructed to write a policy statement on nutrition assessment procedures for all new patients. What are the most useful parameters for the nutrition assessment of individuals?

A : diet recall, food likes and dislikes, allergies, and favorite family recipes

B : anthropometric data, physical examinations, food likes and dislikes, and family tree C : diet record that includes what the patient usually eats, which will provide sufficient information

D : historical information, anthropometric data, physical examinations, and laboratory tests

50. : What is an example of an anthropometric measure? A : body weight

B : urinalysis

C : blood iron level

D : food intake information

51. : Inspection of hair, eyes, skin, and posture is part of the nutrition assessment component known as             .

A : a diet history

B : anthropometrics C : laboratory testing

D : physical examination

52. : Michael has a primary deficiency of iron due to inadequate intake of foods containing the nutrient. Which assessment method would most likely reveal changes related to Michaels primary iron deficiency?

A : anthropometric measurements B : laboratory tests

C : diet history

D : physical examination

53. : Which factor would most likely lead to a primary nutrient deficiency? A : inadequate nutrient intake

B : reduced nutrient absorption C : increased nutrient excretion D : increased nutrient destruction

54. : What type of deficiency is caused by inadequate absorption of a nutrient? A : primary

B : clinical

C : secondary D : subclinical

55. : A subclinical nutrient deficiency is defined as one that                                    . A : shows overt signs

B : is in the early stages

C : shows resistance to treatment

D : is similar to a secondary deficiency

56. : The purpose of the Healthy People initiative is to                                  . A : establish the DRI

B : identify national trends in food consumption

C : identify leading causes of death in the United States D : set goals for the nations health over the next 10 years

57. : Of the ten leading causes of illness and death, how many are associated directly with nutrition?

A : one B : four

C : seven D : ten

58. : Factors known to be related to a disease but not proven to be causal are called                                             . A : risk factors

B : genetic factors

C : degenerative factors D : environmental factors

59. : Which statement defines the association between a risk factor and the development of a disease?

A : All people with the risk factor will develop the disease.

B : The absence of a risk factor guarantees freedom from the disease.

C : The more risk factors for a disease, the greater the chance of developing that disease.

D : The presence of a factor such as heredity can be modified to lower the risk of degenerative diseases.

60. : An estimated                       percent of adults in the United States consume five or more alcoholic drinks in a single day at least once a year.

A : 14

B : 20

C : 26

D : 35

61. : One of the most trustworthy sites used by scientists and others is                                       , which provides free access to more than 23 million abstracts of research papers published in scientific journals around the world.

A : nature.com B : SagePub C : PubMed

D : InTech Open

62. : What statement describes the legal limitations, if any, for a person who disseminates

dietary advice to the public?

A : The title dietitian can be used by anyone in all states.

B : The title nutritionist can be used by anyone in all states.

C : A license to practice as a nutritionist or dietitian is required by some states. D : A license to practice as a nutritionist or dietitian is mandatory in all states.

63. : For which title, by definition, must the individual be college educated and pass a national examination administered by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics?

A : medical doctor

B : registered dietician C : certified nutritionist

D : certified nutrition therapist

64. : A person who assists registered dietitians has the formal title of                                      . A : dietetic assistant

B : nutrition assistant C : dietetic technician D : nutrition technician

65. : Having permission under state or federal law, granted on meeting specified criteria, to use a certain title (such as dietitian) and offer certain services is called                                                                    .

A : accreditation

B : a license to practice C : registration

D : specialty certification

MATCHING

66. : Match each value or word or phrase with the most appropriate definition or explanation. A : nutrient with the highest body concentration A : 7

B : substance containing no carbon or not pertaining to living things

C : number of indispensable nutrients for human beings

D : most substances containing carbon- hydrogen bonds

B : 16

C : 20

D : 40

E : substance containing nitrogen                                               E : 1 kcalorie F : energy required to increase temperature of 1F : fat kilogram of water from 0° C to 100° C

G : nutrient with the highest energy density                         G : water H : energy (kcalorie) yield of 5 grams of sugar                             H : energy I : energy (kcalorie) yield of 1 gram of alcohol                            I : protein J : number of minerals known to be essential in J : organic

human nutrition

K : an unproven statement                                                           K : placebo

L : an inert medication                                                                     L : inorganic

M : possessing the quality of being evidence- based

N : the recommended intake is set at the population mean

M : validity

N : hypothesis

O : excess nutrient intake leads to this                                    O : undernutrition P : deficient nutrient intake leads to this                                       P : overnutrition

Q : measurement of physical characteristics                          Q : anthropometrics

R : inspection of skin, tongue, eyes, hair, and fingernails

R : overt deficiency

S : a nutrient deficiency showing outward signs S : physical examination T : a nutrient deficiency in the early stages                                                       T : subclinical deficiency

ESSAY

67. : Describe how emotions can negatively and positively govern food choices.

68. : List the strengths and weaknesses of epidemiological studies and experimental studies.

69. : Briefly describe each component of a nutrition assessment.